Reforestation of Abandoned Pastures: Seed Ecology of Native Species and Production of Indigenous Plant Material

2008 ◽  
pp. 417-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Stimm ◽  
E. Beck ◽  
S. Günter ◽  
N. Aguirre ◽  
E. Cueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seed Ecology ◽  
Indigenous Plant

scholarly journals From Smokebush to Spinifex: Indigenous traditional knowledge and the commercialisation of plants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Janke
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Plant Knowledge ◽  
Australian Plant ◽  
Culturally Based ◽  
Indigenous Plant

Indigenous Australians, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, have diverse relationships with plants and their seeds. This cultural knowledge has been passed on through the generations, creating a deep history that has produced sophisticated fields of knowledge intimately linked to both diverse cultural geographies and the natural environment across the country. Western scientific, government and private sector commercial institutions have been collecting Australian plant material for over 200 years. Sometimes, such ‘collectors’ obtain the Indigenous knowledge simultaneously with the plant material. On occasions, the culturally-based Indigenous ownership of that knowledge is acknowledged by collectors. However in the majority of instances that has not been the case. Furthermore, different western institutions take different approaches to the collection, management and use of Australian plant material and associated Indigenous plant knowledge. A particular challenge in this arena is the lack of any shared understanding of Indigenous knowledge and intellectual property issues that are involved, and how those might best be addressed. But there is a gathering momentum, from diverse quarters, to face such challenges. This paper aims to contribute to consideration of the issues involved in order to promote more robust inclusion of Indigenous rights, interests and concerns.

scholarly journals Examining the current value of indigenous plant material culture in Limpopo Province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 790-797
Author(s):  
Sejabaledi A. Rankoana
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Current Value ◽  
Production Preparation ◽  
And Storage

Indigenous plant-derived material culture dominates many of the tools and utensils manufactured and used by communities that depended on the natural resources for their livelihoods. Endemic plants provide humans with essential materials for construction purposes and for the design of household utensils. The goal of this study was to describe the current value of indigenous plant material culture. Semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 127 respondents provide 13 native plants as sources of fibre, timber, culms, oil and dye used to make household utensils, huts, brooms, mats and baskets. The cultural significance of these materials includes the production, preparation, serving and storage of food; house construction; protection of courtyards; and cleaning. These materials are still valued in the culture of the studied community, and represent the tangible heritage of the community.

scholarly journals Sustained by First Nations: European newcomers' use of Indigenous plant foods in temperate North America

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Turner ◽  
Patrick Von Aderkas
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Maple Syrup ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Native Foods ◽  
Indigenous Foods

Indigenous Peoples of North America have collectively used approximately 1800 different native species of plants, algae, lichens and fungi as food. When European explorers, traders and settlers arrived on the continent, these native foods, often identified and offered by Indigenous hosts, gave them sustenance and in some cases saved them from starvation. Over the years, some of these species – particularly various types of berries, such as blueberries and cranberries (<em>Vaccinium </em>spp.), wild raspberries and blackberries (<em>Rubus </em>spp.), and wild strawberries (<em>Fragaria </em>spp.), and various types of nuts (<em>Corylus </em>spp., <em>Carya </em>spp., <em>Juglans </em>spp., <em>Pinus </em>spp.), along with wild-rice (<em>Zizania </em>spp.) and maple syrup (from <em>Acer saccharum</em>) – became more widely adopted and remain in use to the present day. Some of these and some other species were used in plant breeding programs, as germplasm for hybridization programs, or to strengthen a crop's resistance to disease. At the same time, many nutritious Indigenous foods fell out of use among Indigenous Peoples themselves, and along with their lessened use came a loss of associated knowledge and cultural identity. Today, for a variety of reasons, from improving people's health and regaining their cultural heritage, to enhancing dietary diversity and enjoyment of diverse foods, some of the species that have dwindled in their use have been “rediscovered” by Indigenous and non-Indigenous Peoples, and indications are that their benefits to humanity will continue into the future.

scholarly journals Pequi leaves incorporated into the soil reduce the initial growth of cultivated, invasive and native species

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1761-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAÍSA N. ALLEM ◽  
ANABELE S. GOMES ◽  
FABIAN BORGHETTI
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Reasonable Range ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Studies have identified the phytotoxicity of many native species of the Cerrado; however, most of them were conducted either in inert substrates, or using exaggerate proportions of plant material. We investigated the phytotoxicity of pequi leaves added to substrate soil in quantities compatible with the litter produced by this species. Pequi leaves were triturated and added to red latosol in concentrations of 0.75%, 1.5% and 3%; the control was constituted of leafless soil. These mixtures were added to pots and irrigated daily to keep them moist. Germinated seeds of the cultivated sorghum and sesame, of the invasive brachiaria and of the native purple ipê, were disposed in the pots to grow for five to seven days at 30°C within a photoperiod of 12 h. Seedlings of all the species presented a reduction in their initial growth in a dose-dependent way. In general, the root growth was more affected by the treatments than the shoot growth; moreover, signs of necrosis were observed in the roots of the sorghum, sesame and brachiaria. The phytotoxic effects generated by relatively small quantities of leaves, in a reasonable range of species within a soil substrate, suggest potential allelopathy of pequi leaves under natural conditions.

scholarly journals Abscysic acid and compatibility of atemoya (Annona x atemoya Mabb.) grafted onto native species

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Baron ◽  
Juliana Iassia Gimenez ◽  
Gisela Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Botany Department ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Grafting is an effective technique used in the cultivation of commercial fruit species given the necessity to guarantee the genetic characteristics of productive species using selected clones. Although grafting is a common and widespread technique and phytohormones play a key role in the formation of tissues, the relationship between phytohormones, such as abscisic acid, and mechanisms of incompatibility is not yet well elucidated. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish whether a correlation exists between variations in abscisic acid and the compatibility of the atemoya (Annona x atemoya Mabb.) cultivar ‘Thompson’ grafted onto biribá [Annona mucosa (Bail.) H. Rainer], araticum-mirim [Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer ‘var. mirim’] and araticum-de-terra-fria [Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer ‘var. terra-fria’]. Plant cultivation was carried out at the Botany Department of Instituto de Biociências (IB), Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The plant material of grafted plants (stem above the grafted area, stem containing the grafted region, and stem below the grafted region) and ungrafted plants (stem 20 cm above ground) was collected 500 days after grafting (DAG) for the extraction and quantification of abscisic acid. The results of this study show that ungrafted Annona plants exhibit variations in the concentration of abscisic acid among the native rootstock species. When grafted, the most commonly used grafting combinations, araticum-de-terra-fria and araticum-mirim, present the same concentrations of abscisic acid in the graft region as self-grafted atemoya. It was concluded that the observed variations in the concentrations of abscisic acid in the graft region did not cause incompatibility in the combinations of atemoya grafted onto different native species.

A new system for determining which plant species are indigenous in Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Indigenous Status ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Indigenous Plant

An examination of Floras and related literature from various countries of the world has revealed a wide range of interpretations and concepts for indigenous plants. Nevertheless, an indigenous plant species has been universally defined as one that was not deliberately or accidentally introduced by man. An important recent addendum to the ‘indigenous’ definition is that it must disperse from an area where it is considered native. Particularly problematic are the so-called ‘pantropical’ or ‘cosmopolitan’ plants. These species are usually invasive and abundant, but most could not have crossed major barriers without the assistance of humans, and hence should be regarded as non-native species throughout much of their range. The accurate assessment of the alien or indigenous status of these and other taxa has been hampered by a lack of knowledge about their geographic origins and dispersal ability. Australian botanists have frequently adhered to a concept of indigenous plants being any that were thought to be present before European settlement in their region of interest – 1788 for the Sydney area, and as late as the 1850s for northern Australia. This definition is unrealistic and unworkable, especially when considering the ‘pantropical’ species. The transport of plants by maritime traders and explorers into the Indonesian and west Pacific areas has occurred for at least the past 3000 years. European colonisation in those areas from the 16th century accelerated plant introductions. Some of those plant species undoubtedly made their way to Australia before European settlement. This paper presents explicit definitions for indigenous (native) or alien (exotic, introduced, non-indigenous) plant species in Australia. A system of assessment using a combination of ecological, phytogeographical and historical criteria (the EPH system) allows the determination of ‘origin status’ for individual species. As a case study, data are presented for 40 plant species of disputed origin status. These species are assessed against the criteria, and a recommended origin status given for Australian occurrences.

scholarly journals Loss of Aggressiveness of Phytophthora cinnamomi (Beta-Cinnamomin Silenced Strain) in the Infection of Castanea sativa

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (S5) ◽  
pp. 17-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Maia ◽  
M. Horta ◽  
A. Cravador ◽  
C. Medeira
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Living Root ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Ink Disease

Several forest species are severely affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi. The contribution of this oomycete to forest decline and dieback has been broadly reported. In particular, it is consensual that it is the causal agent of ink disease in Castanea sativa. It has been associated with the severe decline of Quercus species, namely the Q. suber and Q. ilex dieback in Portugal and Spain, and has been responsible for the infection of numerous native species and crops. This pathogen persists in the soil or on plant material in the form of chlamydospores allowing the infection of living root tissues when environmental conditions are favorable.

Thysanoptera of Great Britain: A revised and updated checklist

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2412 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMINIQUE W. COLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Short Time

An annotated list is presented of 176 species of the Order Thysanoptera that have been recorded from Great Britain; of these, 19 species are known only as non-established incursions (isolated populations, usually in glasshouses, known only to have survived for a short time). A list of a further 52 non-native species that have been found by the plant health authorities of England and Wales during quarantine inspections on imported plant material is also presented.

scholarly journals OIL-IN-WATER (O/W) EMULSIONABLE CONCENTRATE OF ISHPINK (Ocotea quixos) WITH THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-598
Author(s):  
MARINA CHANENA ALVARADO AGUILAR ◽  
PAULA CATALINA RECALDE CORONEL ◽  
DANIEL ALFREDO LEAL ALVARADO ◽  
FABIOLA ELENA VILLA SANCHEZ ◽  
RICHARD TAMAYO ALCIVAR
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Stability ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Stable Product

ABSTRACT Ecuador has a vast number of native species with fungicidal, herbicidal, and insecticidal properties, of which several have been studied; however, few plant species have been applied for the development of commercial products. Ocotea quixos is an indigenous plant of the Ecuadorian Amazon that has fungicidal properties. In this work, we focus on developing an emulsifiable concentrate that is physically stable for use in the agricultural industry. The study aimed to determine the appropriate formulation to prepare an emulsifiable concentrate with thermodynamic stability. For the formulation, we used Ocotea quixos essential oil with cinnamaldehyde as an active ingredient, with solvesso 100 as the solvent, two non-ionic emulsifiers (Span-20 and Tween-20), and calcium phenyl sulfonate as an anionic emulsifier to obtain a stable product. The results showed that the OC5C emulsifiable concentrate has the best stability characteristics with the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) within the range of 14 to 16 at room temperature as well as at high and low temperature with a drop size between 3 and 4 µm.

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