scholarly journals COCONUT MEAL INCLUSION IN HIGH CONCENTRATE SHEEP DIETS AFFECTS FEED DIGESTIBILITY AND INTAKE1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-701
Author(s):  
PAULA FABRINY MAUÉS DA SILVA ◽  
SARAH OLIVEIRA SOUSA PANTOJA ◽  
FELIPE NOGUEIRA DOMINGUES ◽  
ANIBAL COUTINHO DO RÊGO ◽  
CRISTIAN FATURI
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Coconut Meal

ABSTRACT Coconut meal can be an affordable low-cost alternative to noble ingredients such as corn and soybean meal in sheep diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of coconut meal inclusions, when used as a corn and soybean meal replacement, on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance of sheep diets. Twenty-four male Santa Inês lambs with body weights (BW) of 26.6 ± 3.2 kg were used in the study. The animals were housed in metabolic cages and distributed in a completely randomized block design, with three treatments and eight replications. The animals received a total mixed ratio of 30% roughage (elephant grass) and 70% concentrate. The animals were fed on two experimental diets with 11% and 22% coconut meal inclusion and a control diet (without coconut meal). Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) intake as a percentage of BW were negatively influenced by the inclusion of coconut meal. The ether extract (EE) intake increased but did not differ between the 11% and 22% coconut meal diets. Furthermore, the digestibility of DM, CP, EE, and ADF did not differ between the two evaluated diets. The inclusion of coconut meal reduced NDF digestibility and increased that of NFC. The level of inclusion of coconut meal in the diet must be based on the EE content in the meal; keeping the EE intake below 0.16% of the BW helped to avoid limited intake of feed.

PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY, CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS RETENTION IN RATIONS USING GAMAL LEAF FLOUR AND CEKUTI LEAF FLOUR FOR TURKEY GROWER POULTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadlu Muhammad Amrulloh ◽  
Istna Mangisah ◽  
Bambang Sukamto
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Group 2

This study aimed to determine the digestibility of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus retention in rations using gamal leaf and cekuti leaf flour on grower turkey poults. Animals used were 8 weeks old turkey, totaling 100 unsex. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) using 5 treatments and 4 groups. Grouping was based on body weights; group 1 has a weight of 725 - 849 grams, group 2 has a weight of 850 - 974 grams, group 3 has a weight of 975 - 1099 grams, group 4 has a weight of 1100 - 1224 grams, each group consisting of 25 turkeys. The treatments given include T0 = without any gamal and cekuti given, TI = giving rations with 5% gamal, T2 = giving rations with 10% gamal, T3 = giving ration with 5% of cekuti and T4 = givingration with 10% of cekuti. The data obtained were carried out by the F test and Duncan's multiple range with a level of 5%. The results showed that the use of gamal leaf flour and scruff on the ration for grower turkey had a significant effect (P˂0.05) on crude protein digestibility, calcium and phosphorus retention and in grower turkey. The conclusion is that as much of 5% gamal leaf flour can be used in turkey rations.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of elephant-grass silages with byproduct of annato

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2281-2287
Author(s):  
Margareth Maria Teles Rêgo ◽  
José Neuman Miranda Neiva ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
Magno José Duarte Cândido ◽  
Rossana Herculano Clementino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional value of elephant-grass silages containing annato byproduct. Twenty intact rams were distributed in a complete randomized block design with five diets (0; 4; 8; 12 and 16% annato byproduct in the silage) and four replications and used to estimate the intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, content of total digestible nutrients and nitrogen balance. The addition of annato byproduct raised the intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN), in body weight (%BW) and in metabolic weight (g kg-1BW0.75). The digestibilities of DM (55.95%), OM (58.19%), CP (45.34%), NDF (52.79%), ADF (45.79%), EE (34.96%) and NFC (99.86%) were not influenced by the addition of annato byproduct. The inclusion of annato byproduct in elephant-grass silage increased digestibility of total carbohydrates, the TDN content and the nitrogen balance. The aditions of annato byproduct at levels up to 16% of the elephant grass silage natural matter improves nutrient intake and nitrogen balance.

scholarly journals The Residue of Seed Harvest From Tropical Grasses as a Roughage Source in the Feedlot Lambs Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo ◽  
Luis Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Cacilda Borges do Valle ◽  
Alexandre Menezes Dias ◽  
Gelson Do Santos Difante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Feedlot Lambs

Our hypothesis was whether the residue of seed harvest from tropical grasses (Brachiaria sp. and Panicum sp.) as roughage source might result in the similar performance of lambs confined to obtain sustainability in agricultural and food systems by use of this by-product. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of the residue of seed harvest (straw-hay) from tropical grasses as a roughage source in the feedlot lamb diet on intake, digestibility, performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. The randomized block design used 36 lambs (six animals per treatment) distributed in six treatments arranged in individual cages on performance assay. The offered straw-hay did not influence nutrient intake and digestibility. Chewing was influenced by straw-hays. In addition, an effect was not observed on the length of the carcass, length of the leg, width and perimeter of the croup, depth of the chest or weight of the left half of the carcass. The averages of gammon, palette and neck yields were considered satisfactory, which may have been caused by the high content of neutral detergent fiber that was offered (511.4 g/Kg for Tupi and 617.6 g/Kg for Basilisk), and the weight of the palette and gammon can result in high commercial value. The meat characteristic was affected by a straw-hay. Diets containing residue of seed harvest from tropical grasses (Brachiaria sp. and Panicum sp.) as a roughage source did not have any effect on the dry matter and crude protein consumption and on the growth performance. So, we recommend the residue of seed harvest from tropical grasses as a fiber source to feedlot lamb diet.

scholarly journals Chemical-bromatological characteristics of forage sorghum varieties irrigated with saline effluents from fish farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
Miguel Julio Machado Guimarães ◽  
Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo ◽  
Alexandre Fernandes Perazzo ◽  
Leticia Dos Santos Belfort Prates
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Saline Effluents

The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical and bromatological characteristics of forage sorghum varieties subjected to different leaching fractions of saline effluents from fish farming in the Semiarid region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 3×4 factorial arrangement with four replications, consisting of three forage sorghum varieties (Volumax, F305, and Sudão) and four leaching fractions (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of saline (electrical conductivity of 2.5 dS m-1) effluent from fish farming. The organic matter, dry matter, mineral matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose contents of the plants were evaluated. The crude protein contents of the plant components, and mineral matter content of leaves and panicles increased, and the NDF of leaves decreased in treatments with the highest leaching fractions. The F305 variety presented better chemical-bromatological characteristics compared to the other sorghum varieties evaluated.

scholarly journals Dry matter productivity and bromatological quality of ryegrass genotypes cultivated in southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
A.R. Ramos ◽  
A. Zampar ◽  
A.W.L. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Feeding Systems

ABSTRACT The goal of this work was to assess the biomass production and bromatological quality of ryegrass genotypes in ten municipalities of the Western and North Plateau regions of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The cultivars La Estanzuela 284 (diploid), Bar HQ, Barjumbo, INIA Escorpio, Potro, and Winter Star (tetraploids) were compared, distributed in a randomized block design, in which the municipalities constituted the blocks, with three replications. The cuts were performed when the plants reached 30cm, leaving a residue of 10cm. In three cuts, the cultivars Barjumbo and Bar HQ were the most productive, exceeding 4.6 t ha-1 of dry matter. In the places in which five cuts were performed, the production of these cultivars exceeded 7.3 t ha-1, placing them again ahead of the others. The average crude protein content in three cuts was greater than 25% in all cultivars. There was no difference between the genotypes in the content of neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients. There was a significant correlation between quantitative and qualitative productive variables. The assessed cultivars represented good options for composing short-term or long-term winter-feeding systems, adjusted to the integration with annual crops or warm-season pastures.

scholarly journals Hay Tifton 85 grass under nitrogen doses in different days of regrowth

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weudes Rodrigues Andrade ◽  
Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Sales ◽  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Virgílio Mesquita Gomes ◽  
Leidy Darmony de Almeida Rufino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield, nutritional value and potential ruminal degradation of Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) harvested at four regrowth ages (28, 35, 42 and 49 days) and fertilized with two nitrogen doses (N; 100 and 300 kg N ha-1). The experimental design was a randomized block design, arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with six replications each. Nitrogen fertilization increased (p < 0.05) dry matter yield and digestible dry matter production of hay and also lignin and crude protein contents. Nitrogen fertilization increased (p < 0.01) the dry matter yield and the digestible dry matter production of hay, as well as lignin (p = 0.01) and crude protein (p = 0.01). The neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (p = 0.01), acid detergent fiber (p = 0.01) and cellulose (p = 0.02) adjusted to the quadratic function regression model of the regrowth ages. For potential rumen degradability hay, it was observed quadratic effect (p = 0.01) with maximum value of 73.1% at 37 days of regrowth. Tifton 85 hay fertilized with 300 kg ha -1 of N and harvested up to 37 days of regrowth results in higher hay dry matter yield, higher crude protein content, and better dry matter rumen degradability. 

scholarly journals Optimization tifton-85 grass cutting for productivity and nutrient value

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37009
Author(s):  
Daniel Ottoni ◽  
Alex de Matos Teixeira ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
Naiara Taís Alves Da Silva ◽  
Diego Soares Gonçalves Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this work was to determine the impact of cutting Tifton-85 grass at 14, 28, 42, 46, 70, and 80 days of regrowth on its production and nutritional characteristics during the rainy season. The study area of 238 m2 was divided into four sub-area, with 6 plots of 2 × 2 m spaced 1 m between plots and 2 m between sub-area. Random block design was used. The statistical analyses were performed following a randomized block design. Results were obtained as means from evaluations conducted in two consecutive years. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) increased as the cutting age increased. However, crude protein, NDF nitrogen, ADF nitrogen and leaves/stem relationship decreased as the cutting age increased. The production of digestible dry matter increased linearly as the cutting age increased. Similarly, grass height, green matter and dry matter production (DMP) increased as the cutting age increased. The different cutting age did not influence the nitrogen A, B1 + B2, and B3 fractions of the grass. However, the C fraction increased as the cutting age increased. Longer intervals between cuts increased the grass productivity per cut, but compromised its nutritional composition and leaves/stem relationship. For Tifton -85, the regrowth age of 28 days allows greater production of dry matter and greater accumulated production of crude protein and digestive dry matter in the rainy season or over time.

scholarly journals Kecernaan Nutrien dan Performa Domba Lokal yang Diberi Ransum Kombinasi Berbagai Sumber Protein Berbasis Tongkol Jagung

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Sri Suharti ◽  
T Nugroho ◽  
I F M Kennedy ◽  
Lilis Khotijah
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Coconut Meal

This study aimed to analyze nutrient digestibility of a combination of various protein sources (coconut meal, fish meal and soybean meal) in the concentrate of local rams fed corn cob based diet. Twelve local rams (26.6 ± 1.5 kg BW) fed corn cob based feed were used in this study using in a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatments used were combination of different protein sources namely R1 = combination of coconut and urea cake, R2 = combination of coconut cake and soybean meal, R3 = combination of coconut cake and fish meal, and R4 = combination of coconut, soybean, and fish meal. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significant differences between treatments were tested by the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the combination of various protein sources did not significantly influence the consumption of dry matter and crude fiber, but the used of protein sources of coconut cake and soybean meal significantly increased (p<0.05) intake of organic matter and crude protein. The combination of coconut meal and fish meal (R3) or a combination of coconut cake and soybean meal (R2) increased (p<0.05) nutrient digestibility. Different protein sources do not affect average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency . It can be concluded that the use of corn cobs based diet with protein sources combination of coconut meal and fish meal or a combination of coconut cake and soybean meal can increase nutrient digestibility but has not significantly improved body weight and feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Pemberian tepung bonggol pisang kepok fermentasi daiam pakan ternak babi fase grower dan efeknya terhadap kecernaan nutrien

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Sabarta Sembiring ◽  
Pratiwi Trisunuwati ◽  
Osfar Sjofjan ◽  
Irfan H. Djunaidi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Sixteen crossbred growing pigs Duroc x Landrace, (10 weeks of age; initial body weight 27 ± 3.92 kg) were allotted into four treatments in a randomized block design to evaluate the effects of inclusion of fermented kepok banana corm (FKBC) in the diet on the nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. There were four treatments diets offered:  basal diets without FKBC (RO); basal diets + 7% FKCB (R1); basal diets + 14% FKCB (R2); basal diets + 21% FKCB (R3). Inclusion of 21% FKBC in the diet of pigs significantly reduced (P <0.01) dry matter intake and organic matter compared to the control diet. There were no significant different between 14% and 21% FKCB on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and organic matter of the pigs. However, inclusion of FKCB at the level of 7% showed the optimum digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and energy with the average value of 66.57%, 70.48%, 83,43% and 70,76%, respectively. In addition, mineral consumption and retention of Ca and P were 14.3 and 9.1 g/h, respectively with the value of mineral retention both Ca and P were 11.9 and 7.5 g/h, respectively. It can be concluded that inclusion of FKCB at the level of 7% increased dry matter digestibility and organic matter. ABSTRAK Sejumlah 16 ekor ternak babi persilangan Duroc x Landrace fase grower (berumur 10 minggu dengan bobot badan awal berkisar 27± 3,92 kg) diberi 4 macam pakan perlakuan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dipakai untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan nutrien. Terdapat 4 perlakuak pakan yang diberikan masing-masing adalah: pakan basal tanpa BPKF (R0); pakan basal + 7% BPKF (R1); pakan basal + 14% BPKF (R2); pakan basal + 21% BPKF (R3)   Pemberian sejumlah 21% BPKF dalam ransum sangat nyata (P<0,01) menurunkan konsumsi bahan kering dan bahan organik dibanding pakan kontrol 0 % pakan fermentasi. Penggunaan produk fermentasi pada level 14 % tidak nyata (P>0,05) berbeda terhadap konsumsi dan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik dibanding pemakaian level 21%. Level 7 % penggunaan FKCB adalah angka optimum menghasilkan nilai rataan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik masing-masing 66,57 dan 70,48% dan kecernaan protein kasar dan energi masing-masing 83,43 dan 70,76%. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan tepung BPKF pada level 7 % adalah terbaik pada variabel kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik.

scholarly journals Effect of zinc sources and experimental conditions on zinc balance in growing wethers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lee ◽  
J E Copelin ◽  
M T Socha
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Zinc Balance

Abstract Three experiments were conducted with growing wethers to evaluate apparent excretion and retention of Zn from various sources. In Exp. 1 and 2, Zn-ethylene diamine (ZE), Zn hydroxychloride (ZHYD), Zn-lysine/glutamate (ZAA), and Zn-glycinate (ZG) were used and ZnSO4 (ZS), Zn hydroxychloride (ZHYD), Zn-lysine/glutamate (ZAA), and Zn-glycinate (ZG) were used in Exp. 3. In Exp. 1, 8 wethers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design. In Exp. 2 and 3, 40 wethers were used in a randomized block design. In Exp. 1, each period (total 4 periods) consisted of 14-day diet adaptation and 4 days of total collection of feces and urine. In Exp. 2 and 3, wethers received a basal diet for 14 days and received experimental diets for 9 days (diet adaptation), followed by 4 days of total collection of feces and urine. Total collection was conducted in wooden metabolic cages. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS as a Latin square design for Exp. 1 and a completed randomized block design for Exp. 2 and 3. In all experiments, dry matter intake did not differ among treatments except that it tended to be different in Exp. 2. In Exp. 1, no difference in Zn excretion (88%) and retention (11%) as proportion of Zn intake was observed among Zn sources. In Exp. 2, total tract digestibility of crude protein was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for ZAA than ZE and ZG (82.0 vs. 79.1 and 77.8%, respectively) and greater (P &lt; 0.01) for ZHYD than ZG (80.2 vs. 77.8%). However, total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was low (on average 16%) for all treatments with no difference among treatments in Exp. 2. Apparent excretion and retention of Zn as proportion of Zn intake did not differ among treatments, and Zn retention (~1.4% of Zn intake) was very low for all treatments. In Exp. 3, ZHYD and ZAA had greater retention of Zn (17.8 vs. 1.5%; P = 0.01) than ZG. Fecal Zn excretion was greater (97.3 vs. 81.2%; P = 0.01) for ZG vs. ZHYD and ZAA, and Zn retention for ZG was only 1.5% of Zn intake. In conclusion, potential increases in Zn absorption and retention were observed for ZHYD and ZAA compared with ZS and ZG in Exp. 3 and these differences were not found in Exp. 1 and 2. Experiment 1 used a Latin square design and Exp. 2 used a diet containing largely undigestible fiber. These experimental conditions may have affected Zn metabolism in wethers. Inconsistent results on Zn balance for ZG among the experiments warrant further studies regarding its bioavailability.

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