N, P or K doses on the dry matter and crude protein yield in maize and sorghum for silage

ABSTRACT Maize and sorghum are the main raw materials in the production of silage for animal feed, with mineral fertilization being worthy of note when the goal is to increase gains in the amount and quality of the forage. This study aimed at evaluating the contribution of N, P or K doses to the dry matter and crude protein yield in maize and sorghum grown for silage. The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design, with four replications, during five successive crops of maize (three summer seasons) and sorghum (two off-season). Five doses of N (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 150 kg ha-1 and 200 kg ha-1), five doses of P2O5 (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1 and 160 kg ha-1) and five doses of K2O (0 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1, 90 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1) were applied to each crop in the same experimental area. The N doses contributed to an increase in the crude protein yield in the five successive crops of maize and sorghum, together with an increase in dry matter and/or protein concentration. Crude protein increased 59.5-312.9 % for both crops. The soils used for the succession cropping system of maize and sorghum for silage had "very high" levels of P and K. Therefore, the P fertilization had no effect on the dry matter or crude protein yield in the first year of cultivation, similarly to the K fertilization during the five successive crop seasons.

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Kecernaan Nutrien pada Babi Lokal Periode Pertumbuhan yang Diberi Ransum Mengandung Biji Asam Biokonversi Spontan (NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN GROWING LOCAL PIG FED WITH DIET COMPOSED OF SPONTENOUS BIOCONVERTED-TAMARIND SEED)

jurnal veteriner ◽

10.19087/jveteriner.2017.18.4.610 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 610

Author(s):

Redempta Wea ◽

I Gusti Komang Oka Wirawan ◽

Bernadete Barek Koten

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Tamarind Seed ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Range Test ◽

Nutrients Digestibility

A research aimed to evaluate nutrients digestibility in growing local male pig fed spontaneous bioconverted-tamarind seed has been done in animal feed technology laboratory of Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic.The research used 25 local male grower pigs with body weight around 3-6 kg. The study used a randomized block design with five treatments, i.e. R0 = ration using tamarind seeds without bioconversion, R1 = ration using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 24 hours, R2 = rations using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 48 hours, R3 = rations using bioconversion tamarinds spontaneous for 72 hours, and R4 = rations using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 96 hours. Each treatment was repeated five times in which each of them used five pigs. Parameters observed were nutrient digestibility (dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash). The data were analyzed by using variance and continued by Duncan’s multiple range test to determine the differences between treatments. The results showed that the time of spontaneous bioconversion of tamarind seeds increased the digestibility of tamarind seed nutrients and it was concluded that the best time of spontaneous bioconversion was for 72 hours.

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7. Productivity And Chemical Composition Of Several Mulberry Species (Morus spp) Agains Spacing Plant, and Cutting Age

The International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research ◽

10.21157/ijtvbr.v1i1.5301 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 50-56

Author(s):

Rijanto Hutasoit ◽

Simon Ginting ◽

Juniar Sirait ◽

Andi Tarigan

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Block Design ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Tannin Content ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Morus Spp

The cultivation of mulberry as forages is scarce in Indonesian feeding system for ruminant production, although many studies have indicated its nutritional potential as animal feed especially ruminants. This study was aimed to investigate the effects spacing of plant and cutting age on productivity and chemical composition of some species mulberry plants. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with factorial treatments. The factors species were (M. indica cv kanva, M. nigra, M. cathyana, and M. Multicaulis), the spacing of plants (1 x 0.5 m, 1 x 1 m and 1 x 1.5 m) and cutting ages (210, 240, and 270 days after planting). The results showed that species, M. multicaulis and M. cathyana are the highest growth, using a spacing of 1 x 0.5 m with cutting age 270 days after planting. Dry matter production highest (P < 0,05) in M. Cathyana at spacing of 1 x 0.5 with cutting age 270 days after planting. The ratio of leaves and stems of plants are affected by age, the highest proportions of leaf is obtained at the cutting age of 210 days. Chemical composition were highest in M.multicaulis at the age of 270 days. The highest content of organic matter (OM) were found in M.Kanva and not different with M. Nigra at the age of 270 day after planting. In treatment of cutting ages have no effect (P < 0.05) on the Crude protein (CP), ADF, NDF, lignin and tannin content. The average content of CP obtained gained 20.69%, 32.38% ADF, NDF 33.99%, 12.45% lignin and tannin 0.3%. Concluded that mulberry plants with a plant spacing of plant 1 x 0.5 and 270 days after plant have more advantages for use as animal feed.

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Produtividade e valor nutritivo de gramíneas tropicais em monocultivo e em consórcio com milho na segunda safra

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2517 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 2517

Author(s):

Armindo Neivo Kichel ◽

Luis Carlos Ferreira de Souza ◽

Roberto Giolo de Almeida ◽

José Alexandre Agiova da Costa

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Forage Production ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽

Randomized Block Design

This study aimed to assess productivity and nutritional value of the tropical grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, Xaraés, and Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, and B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy in the interseason of an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system since alternatives are needed for forage production for animal grazing in Autumn and Winter. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split-split plot scheme with four replications. The treatments of plots consisted of five grasses, subplots consisted of three cropping systems (monoculture, intercropping with corn and unsuppressed grass, and intercropped with corn and suppressed grass), and sub-subplots consisted of four cutting intervals of grasses (50, 90, 125, and 195 days after emergence - DAE). The experiment was carried out from February to September 2014. Dry matter (DM) productivity, obtained at 195 DAE for the three cropping systems (monoculture grass, unsuppressed and suppressed grass in intercropping), were 18.45, 7.15, and 3.05 t ha?1, respectively, and average crude protein contents of leaf blades of grasses decreased linearly between the cutting intervals of 50 to 195 DAE from 19.95 to 9.70%, respectively. Under integrated systems, the studied grasses showed better yields and nutritional quality when compared to traditional grazing systems. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and Piatã had the highest leaf and crude protein yields when compared to Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. In terms of nutritional value, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy was superior to Mombaça and Xaraés grasses but had lower total dry matter yield. Finally, Xaraés, Piatã and Mombaça grasses are recommended choices ICL systems when fodder grass production is the goal.

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Proteolysis in alfalfa silages made from different cultivars

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p00-153 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 685-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G. F. Tremblay ◽

G. Bélanger ◽

K. B. McRae ◽

R. Michaud

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Block Design ◽

Principal Component ◽

First Year ◽

Protein Nitrogen ◽

Silage Fermentation ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Alfalfa Silage ◽

High Forage

During silage fermentation, proteolysis reduces the nutritional value of N, particularly in alfalfa. This study evaluated the proteolysis of 27 alfalfa cultivars seeded in triplicate in 2 consecutive years. Forage from each plot was wilted to a targeted dry matter (DM) content of 250 g kg–1 and ensiled in laboratory silos. Minisilos were made with spring growth and summer regrowth in the first year of production for the first seeding, and with the first 2 yr of production for the second seeding, giving 3 harvest years altogether. Concentrations of NPN, NH3, FAA, DM, TN, and pH were measured in silages, whereas RUP concentration was evaluated in forages. Low NPN concentration indicates low proteolysis during silage fermentation. Spring growth and summer regrowth were analyzed separately by ANOVA as a completely randomized block design replicated over 3 harvest years. A principal component analysis was then performed on the ANOVA means. Silage DM was used as covariate when it was deemed appropriate. There was a significant variation among cultivars for NPN concentration in silages made of summer regrowth; it varied from 612 to 717 g kg–1 of TN. Concentration of NPN was significantly lower for cultivars WL 225, Rangelander, Iroquois, and WL 222, and higher for cultivars Oneida VR, Arrow, Vernal, Spredor 2, and Armor. Oneida VR and Rangelander had respectively high and low silage NPN concentration in both spring growth and summer regrowth. From cultivars with low silage NPN concentration, Rangelander was the only one with high forage RUP concentration in both spring growth and summer regrowth; proteins in this cultivar would be more resistant to microbial degradation during ensiling and in the rumen. Key words: Non protein nitrogen; proteolysis; alfalfa silage; cultivars

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The Residue of Seed Harvest From Tropical Grasses as a Roughage Source in the Feedlot Lambs Diet

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v7i4.15517 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 212

Author(s):

Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo ◽

Luis Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽

Cacilda Borges do Valle ◽

Alexandre Menezes Dias ◽

Gelson Do Santos Difante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Intake ◽

Food Systems ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Tropical Grasses ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Seed Harvest ◽

Feedlot Lambs

Our hypothesis was whether the residue of seed harvest from tropical grasses (Brachiaria sp. and Panicum sp.) as roughage source might result in the similar performance of lambs confined to obtain sustainability in agricultural and food systems by use of this by-product. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of the residue of seed harvest (straw-hay) from tropical grasses as a roughage source in the feedlot lamb diet on intake, digestibility, performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. The randomized block design used 36 lambs (six animals per treatment) distributed in six treatments arranged in individual cages on performance assay. The offered straw-hay did not influence nutrient intake and digestibility. Chewing was influenced by straw-hays. In addition, an effect was not observed on the length of the carcass, length of the leg, width and perimeter of the croup, depth of the chest or weight of the left half of the carcass. The averages of gammon, palette and neck yields were considered satisfactory, which may have been caused by the high content of neutral detergent fiber that was offered (511.4 g/Kg for Tupi and 617.6 g/Kg for Basilisk), and the weight of the palette and gammon can result in high commercial value. The meat characteristic was affected by a straw-hay. Diets containing residue of seed harvest from tropical grasses (Brachiaria sp. and Panicum sp.) as a roughage source did not have any effect on the dry matter and crude protein consumption and on the growth performance. So, we recommend the residue of seed harvest from tropical grasses as a fiber source to feedlot lamb diet.

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Phosphorus digestibility in low-phytate barley fed to finishing pigs

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a02-040 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 101-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

P. A. Thacker ◽

B. G. Rossnagel ◽

V. Raboy

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Selection For ◽

Acclimatization Period ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Phytate Content

Twenty-four crossbred barrows (Camborough 15 Line female × Canabred sire) weighing an average of 51.3 ± 5.1 kg were used in a trial conducted during two periods according to a completely randomized block design. The pigs were assigned to one of six dietary treatments comprised of a normal two-rowed, hulled variety of barley (CDC Bold) or three low-phytate genotypes selected to contain approximately 68, 41 or 3% of the normal level of phytate. A normal hulless barley (CDC Dawn) and a hulless genotype selected to contain 54% of the normal phytate content were also included. The diets fed contained 99.5% barley and 0.5% chromic oxide. The marked feed was provided for a 7-d acclimatization period, followed by a 3-d fecal collection. At the conclusion of the first replicate, the pigs were assigned to different treatments and the procedure was repeated resulting in eight observations per treatment. Selection for phytate content had no effects on the apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter, crude protein or gross energy (P > 0.05). The digestibility coefficients for dry matter and energy were significantly higher for the hulless varieties of barley than the hulled genotypes. Phosphorus digestibility increased as the level of phytate in the barley declined. The linear relationship relating phosphorus digestibility (y) to phytate content (x) was: y = 67.7 − 12.54x (r2= 0.64; P < 0.0001).

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Nutrient concentration and nutritional efficiency in ‘Gigante’ cactus pear submitted to different spacings and fertilizations

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n3p154-161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 154-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alex A. Lédo ◽

Sergio L. R. Donato ◽

Ignácio Aspiazu ◽

João A. da Silva ◽

Paulo E. R. Donato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Block Design ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Cactus Pear ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Production Cycles ◽

Mn Concentrations

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient concentration and nutritional efficiency in ‘Gigante’ cactus pear under different chemical, organic and organomineral fertilizations, planting configurations and spacings, during three production cycles. Seventy two treatments, involving two types of configuration in the plots, three spacings in the subplots and 12 types of fertilization in the sub-subplots were arranged in a split-split-plot scheme, in a randomized block design, with three repetitions. At the time of harvest of each production cycle, 40 cladode tissue samples were collected per treatment to determine dry matter mass and nutrient concentration, which were used to calculate the coefficients of biological utilization of nutrients. Organic fertilization reduces Mn concentrations in cladodes to levels below the sufficiency range. The nutritional efficiency of N, S, P, Mn and Zn is higher with organic and organomineral fertilizations and are associated with higher dry matter yields, whereas K nutritional efficiency is higher with mineral fertilization. The absence of fertilization or application of 30 Mg ha-1 year-1 of bovine manure is insufficient to ensure nutritional status and dry matter yield above 15 Mg ha-1 in ‘Gigante’ cactus pear.

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Dry matter productivity and bromatological quality of ryegrass genotypes cultivated in southern Brazil

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-11885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 247-255

Author(s):

A.R. Ramos ◽

A. Zampar ◽

A.W.L. Silva

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Warm Season ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Short Term ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Feeding Systems

ABSTRACT The goal of this work was to assess the biomass production and bromatological quality of ryegrass genotypes in ten municipalities of the Western and North Plateau regions of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The cultivars La Estanzuela 284 (diploid), Bar HQ, Barjumbo, INIA Escorpio, Potro, and Winter Star (tetraploids) were compared, distributed in a randomized block design, in which the municipalities constituted the blocks, with three replications. The cuts were performed when the plants reached 30cm, leaving a residue of 10cm. In three cuts, the cultivars Barjumbo and Bar HQ were the most productive, exceeding 4.6 t ha-1 of dry matter. In the places in which five cuts were performed, the production of these cultivars exceeded 7.3 t ha-1, placing them again ahead of the others. The average crude protein content in three cuts was greater than 25% in all cultivars. There was no difference between the genotypes in the content of neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients. There was a significant correlation between quantitative and qualitative productive variables. The assessed cultivars represented good options for composing short-term or long-term winter-feeding systems, adjusted to the integration with annual crops or warm-season pastures.

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Hay Tifton 85 grass under nitrogen doses in different days of regrowth

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v40i1.37692 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 37692 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Weudes Rodrigues Andrade ◽

Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Sales ◽

Flávio Pinto Monção ◽

Virgílio Mesquita Gomes ◽

Leidy Darmony de Almeida Rufino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Quadratic Function ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield, nutritional value and potential ruminal degradation of Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) harvested at four regrowth ages (28, 35, 42 and 49 days) and fertilized with two nitrogen doses (N; 100 and 300 kg N ha-1). The experimental design was a randomized block design, arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with six replications each. Nitrogen fertilization increased (p < 0.05) dry matter yield and digestible dry matter production of hay and also lignin and crude protein contents. Nitrogen fertilization increased (p < 0.01) the dry matter yield and the digestible dry matter production of hay, as well as lignin (p = 0.01) and crude protein (p = 0.01). The neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (p = 0.01), acid detergent fiber (p = 0.01) and cellulose (p = 0.02) adjusted to the quadratic function regression model of the regrowth ages. For potential rumen degradability hay, it was observed quadratic effect (p = 0.01) with maximum value of 73.1% at 37 days of regrowth. Tifton 85 hay fertilized with 300 kg ha -1 of N and harvested up to 37 days of regrowth results in higher hay dry matter yield, higher crude protein content, and better dry matter rumen degradability.

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Optimization tifton-85 grass cutting for productivity and nutrient value

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-48179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. e37009

Author(s):

Daniel Ottoni ◽

Alex de Matos Teixeira ◽

Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽

Naiara Taís Alves Da Silva ◽

Diego Soares Gonçalves Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Random Block ◽

Random Block Design ◽

The Impact

The objective of this work was to determine the impact of cutting Tifton-85 grass at 14, 28, 42, 46, 70, and 80 days of regrowth on its production and nutritional characteristics during the rainy season. The study area of 238 m2 was divided into four sub-area, with 6 plots of 2 × 2 m spaced 1 m between plots and 2 m between sub-area. Random block design was used. The statistical analyses were performed following a randomized block design. Results were obtained as means from evaluations conducted in two consecutive years. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) increased as the cutting age increased. However, crude protein, NDF nitrogen, ADF nitrogen and leaves/stem relationship decreased as the cutting age increased. The production of digestible dry matter increased linearly as the cutting age increased. Similarly, grass height, green matter and dry matter production (DMP) increased as the cutting age increased. The different cutting age did not influence the nitrogen A, B1 + B2, and B3 fractions of the grass. However, the C fraction increased as the cutting age increased. Longer intervals between cuts increased the grass productivity per cut, but compromised its nutritional composition and leaves/stem relationship. For Tifton -85, the regrowth age of 28 days allows greater production of dry matter and greater accumulated production of crude protein and digestive dry matter in the rainy season or over time.

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