scholarly journals Water availability to soybean crop as a function of the least limiting water range and evapotranspiration1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tallyta Ramalho Rodrigues ◽  
Derblai Casaroli ◽  
Adão Wagner Pêgo Evangelista ◽  
José Alves Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

ABSTRACT Irrigation management aimed at optimal production has been based only on the water factor. However, in addition to the water potential of the soil, factors such as soil penetration resistance and soil O2 diffusion rate also affect plant growth and interfere with water absorption, even if moisture is within the available water range. This study aimed at quantifying the least limiting water range and demonstrating its potential in soil and water management in irrigated agriculture. In order to determine the least limiting water range, soil water retention curves and soil resistance to penetration were determined from undisturbed soil samples. The sequential water balance and the reference, crop and real evapotranspiration were determined for a soybean crop season. Soil aeration was the least limiting water range upper limit for soils with bulk density greater than 1.33 Mg m-3, whereas soil resistance to penetration was the lower limit for bulk density higher than 1.43 Mg m-3. The bulk density of the soil studied was 1.35 Mg m-3, indicating 0.37 m3 m-3 of water availability, based on the least limiting water range, which is sufficient to supply the crop evapotranspiration. Irrigation management based on the least limiting water range is more efficient and complete than that based only on available water.

scholarly journals COMPACTAÇÃO DO SOLO E INTERVALO HÍDRICO ÓTIMO NO CRESCIMENTO DA PARTE AÉREA E PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DO MILHO

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ona Da Silva Freddi ◽  
José Frederico Centurion ◽  
Ricardo Garcia Aratani ◽  
Amauri Nelson Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

COMPACTAÇÃO DO SOLO E INTERVALO HÍDRICO ÓTIMO NO CRESCIMENTO DA PARTE AÉREA E PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DO MILHO  Onã da Silva Freddi; José Frederico Centurion; Ricardo Garcia Aratani; Amauri Nelson BeutlerDepartamento de Solos e Adubos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterináiras, Jaboticabal, SP, [email protected]  1 RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a compactação do solo proporcionada pelo tráfego de tratores sobre o intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO) e o crescimento e produtividade do milho em um Latossolo Vermelhode textura argilosa. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco intensidades de compactação e quatro repetições em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram coletadas amostras indeformadas de solo nas camadas de 0,02–0,05, 0,08–0,11, 0,15–0,18 e 0,22-0,25 mpara determinação da macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total, densidade do solo, resistência à penetração e o IHO. Os parâmetros da cultura avaliados foram à altura das plantas e inserção da primeira espiga, o diâmetro do colmo, o número de espigas por planta, a massa seca das plantas e de 1000 grãos e a produtividade. A compactação do solo restringiu todos os parâmetros da cultura avaliados com exceção apenas para o número de espigas e a massa de 1000 grãos. O IHO foi reduzido pela resistência do solo à penetração mesmo no tratamento com solo preparado com densidade média de 1,12 Mg m-3. Apenas o tratamento com quatro passadas do trator de 11 Mg apresentou densidade do solo acima da densidade crítica determinada no IHO, que foi de 1,37 Mg m-3, no qual a produtividade de milho foi significativamente menor. UNITERMOS: Zea mays, resistência do solo à penetração, densidade do solo  FREDDI, O. S.; CENTURION, J. F.; ARATANI, R. G; BEUTLER, A. N. SOIL COMPACTION AND LEAST LIMITING WATER RANGE ON CORN SHOOT GROWTH AND SEED PRODUCTIVITY  2 ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of soil compaction caused by tractor wheel traffic on the limiting water range (LLWR), shoot growth and levels of compaction and four replications in a completely randomized experimental design. Soil samples with preserved structure were collected in the layers: 0.02-0.05; 0.08-0.11; 0.15-0.18 and 0.22-0.25m to determine macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, bulk density, resistance to penetration and LLWR. The evaluated corn parameters were: plant and first spike height, steam diameter, number of spikes per plant, plant dry matter, dry matter of 1000 seeds and seed productivity. The soil compaction restricted all corn parameters except the number of spikes per plant and dry matter of 1000 seeds. The LLWR was reduced by the soil resistance to penetration, even in the tilled soil with bulk density of 1.12 Mg m-3. Only the treatment with 11 Mg tractor, repeated four times on the area, demonstrated bulk density above critical bulk density in the LLWR that was 1.37 Mg m-3, where the seed productivity was significantly smaller. KEY WORDS: Zea mays, soil resistance to penetration, bulk density

scholarly journals Soil resistance to penetration and least limiting water range for soybean yield in a haplustox from Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
José Frederico Centurion ◽  
Alvaro Pires da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range ◽  
Dry Matter Weight ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

The objective of this study was determine the resistance to penetration (PR), least limiting water range (LLWR) and critical bulk density (Db-crit) for soybean yield in a medium-textured oxisol (Haplustox). The treatments represented the soil compaction by passing a tractor over the site 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 times, with 4 replications in a randomized experimental design. Samples were collected from 0.02-0.05, 0.07-0.10 and 0.15-0.18 m depths. Soybean (Glycine max cv. Embrapa 48) was sowed in December 2002. Plant height, number of pods, aerial dry matter, weight of 100 seeds, and the yield in 3.6 m² plots were recorded. Soybean yield started reduction at the PR of 0.85 MPa and Db of 1.48 Mg m-3. The LLWR was limited in highest part by water content at field capacity (0.01 MPa tension) and in lowest part by water content at PRcrit, achieved the Db-crit to yield at 1.48 Mg m-3.

scholarly journals INTERVALO HÍDRICO ÓTIMO EM ÁREA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR COM DIFERENTES CICLOS DE COLHEITA MECANIZADA

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Julio Vischi Filho ◽  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza ◽  
Gustavo Soares de Souza ◽  
Allan Charlles Mendes de Sousa ◽  
Reginaldo Barboza da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Soil Physical Quality ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

INTERVALO HÍDRICO ÓTIMO EM ÁREA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR COM DIFERENTES CICLOS DE COLHEITA MECANIZADA  OSWALDO JULIO VISCHI FILHO1; ZIGOMAR MENEZES DE SOUZA1; GUSTAVO SOARES DE SOUZA2; ALLAN CHARLLES MENDES DE SOUSA1 E ; REGINALDO BARBOZA DA SILVA3  1Laboratório de Solos,Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Experimental Bananal do Norte, Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, [email protected] Executiva, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Campus de Registro, SP, [email protected]  1 RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade física do solo, por meio do intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO), visando diagnosticar o comportamento estrutural de solo sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar crua em diferentes ciclos produtivos. O experimento foi desenvolvido em lavoura comercial de cana-de-açúcar em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd) com textura média. Os tratamentos foram: um (CM1) e três (CM3) ciclos produtivos da lavoura (em média seis anos por ciclo) com colheita mecanizada. O solo foi amostrado nas linhas de plantio e nas entrelinhas, distante 0,30 m da linha de plantio, nas camadas de 0,00-0,10, 0,10-0,20, 0,20-0,30 e 0,30-0,40 m. A qualidade física do solo foi avaliada por meio do IHO. O IHO foi maior no sistema de colheita mecanizada com três ciclos (CM3), quando relacionado com o sistema com um ciclo (CM1), sugerindo que esse sistema contribuiu para a melhoria das condições físicas do solo avaliado como densidade, porosidade, resistência do solo à penetração e capacidade de armazenamento de água. A maior faixa de água não limitante ao desenvolvimento radicular da cana no sistema CM3 foi decorrente da utilização efetiva do preparo mínimo da linha de plantio, permitindo uma recuperação dos atributos físicos do solo. O IHO foi maior na linha de plantio em relação à entrelinha. Palavra-Chave: Saccharum officinarum, água no solo, qualidade física do solo, resistência do solo à penetração.  VISCHI FILHO, O. J.; SOUZA, Z. M.; SOUZA, G. S.; SOUSA, A. C. M.; SILVA, R. B.LEAST LIMITING WATER RANGE ON SUGARCANE AREA WITH DIFFERENT CYCLES OF MECHANICAL HARVEST  2 ABSTRACT The present study aimed to assess the soil physical quality, through Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR), aiming to diagnose the soil structural behavior, under sugarcane cultivation at different times of handling. The experiment was conducted on a sugarcane commercial farming on Oxisol Typic Acrudox with medium texture. The treatments were: one (CM1) and three (CM3) handling cultivation cycles (six years average for cycle) through mechanical harvest system. Soil samples were collected on the planting rows and on between rows, distance of 0.30 m from planting rows, at layers of 0.00-0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.30 e 0.30-0.40 m. Soil physical quality was assessed by LLWR. The LLWR was higher in mechanical harvesting system with three cycles (CM3), when related to one cycle system (CM1), suggesting that this system has contributed for the improvement of assessed soil physical conditions such as  bulk density, soil porosity, soil resistance to penetration and water storage. The largest LLWR at sugarcane root development on CM3 system was due to the effective use of row planting reduced tillage, allowing recovery of soil physical properties. The LLWR was higher on planting rows than between rows. Keywords: Saccharum officinarum, soil water, soil physical quality, soil resistance to penetration.

scholarly journals Initial Growth and Roots Development of Soybean as Function of Water Availability and Soil Bulk Density

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Pâmela de Andrades Timm ◽  
Marília Alves Brito Pinto ◽  
José Maria Barbat Parfitt ◽  
Germani Concenço ◽  
Alexssandra Dayanne Soares de Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soil compaction is preponderant in soil physical-hydric relationships, which in turn, exert direct effect on plant development. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the initial development of shoot and roots of soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merril), cv. BMX Ícone, cultivated in different combinations of soil bulk densities and water availability. A greenhouse experiment was carried out at the EMBRAPA Lowland Experimental Station, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Soybean plants were grown in seven levels of soil bulk density (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 and 2.0 kg dm-3) coupled to two soil water tensions (10 and 50 kPa). Plant height and leaf area, as well as root volume, decreased when soybean was cultivated at 50 kPa, associated to soil bulk densities above 1.8 kg dm-3. Soybean crop showed to be most sensitive to water deficit than to soil compaction, and soil water tension around the field capacity (10 kPa) should be associated to soil bulk density lower than 1.8 kg dm-3 to allow adequate soybean crop development.

scholarly journals Quantification of the least limiting water range in an oxisol using two methodological strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1772-1783
Author(s):  
Wagner Henrique Moreira ◽  
Cássio Antônio Tormena ◽  
Edner Betioli Junior ◽  
Getulio Coutinho Figueiredo ◽  
Álvaro Pires da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range ◽  
Resistance To Penetration ◽  
Made In

The least limiting water range (LLWR) has been used as an indicator of soil physical quality as it represents, in a single parameter, the soil physical properties directly linked to plant growth, with the exception of temperature. The usual procedure for obtaining the LLWR involves determination of the water retention curve (WRC) and the soil resistance to penetration curve (SRC) in soil samples with undisturbed structure in the laboratory. Determination of the WRC and SRC using field measurements (in situ ) is preferable, but requires appropriate instrumentation. The objective of this study was to determine the LLWR from the data collected for determination of WRC and SRC in situ using portable electronic instruments, and to compare those determinations with the ones made in the laboratory. Samples were taken from the 0.0-0.1 m layer of a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Oxisol). Two methods were used for quantification of the LLWR: the traditional, with measurements made in soil samples with undisturbed structure; and in situ , with measurements of water content (θ), soil water potential (Ψ), and soil resistance to penetration (SR) through the use of sensors. The in situ measurements of θ, Ψ and SR were taken over a period of four days of soil drying. At the same time, samples with undisturbed structure were collected for determination of bulk density (BD). Due to the limitations of measurement of Ψ by tensiometer, additional determinations of θ were made with a psychrometer (in the laboratory) at the Ψ of -1500 kPa. The results show that it is possible to determine the LLWR by the θ, Ψ and SR measurements using the suggested approach and instrumentation. The quality of fit of the SRC was similar in both strategies. In contrast, the θ and Ψ in situ measurements, associated with those measured with a psychrometer, produced a better WRC description. The estimates of the LLWR were similar in both methodological strategies. The quantification of LLWR in situ can be achieved in 10 % of the time required for the traditional method.

Soil water availability for plants as quantified by conventional available water, least limiting water range and integral water capacity

2010 ◽  
Vol 335 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Asgarzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi ◽  
Ali Akbar Mahboubi ◽  
Akram Nosrati ◽  
Anthony Roger Dexter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range

scholarly journals Physical Quality of an Oxisol in Different Agricultural Systems in Brazilian Cerrado

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Diego Dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Rafael Montanari ◽  
Christtiane Fernandes Oliveira ◽  
Jean Carlos de Almeida Ramos ◽  
Alan Rodrigo Panosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Soil Physical Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

The soil physical quality is a way of evaluating the current condition of forest plantations that is growing in the southeast region of Mato Grosso do Sul State. In this sense, this work aimed to evaluate the impact of the forest plantations on the physical quality of an Oxisol (Haplic Acrustox) in Cerrado. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental area of the Teaching and Research Farm, of the Engineering college of Ilha Solteira (UNESP), located in the city of Selvíria-MS, situated in the conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado. The soil samples were collected at depths of 0.00-0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.30 and 0.30-0.40 m in three areas cultivated for 30 years: area (1) Pine forest (Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis); (2) Eucalyptus forest (Eucalyptus camaldulensis); (3) Reforested ciliary forest, being used a completely randomized design, with 25 replications and 3 treatments. The analyzed attributes of the soil was: macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), total porosity (TP), bulk density (BD), real particle (RP), soil resistance to penetration (PR), gravimetric moisture (GM), volumetric moisture (VM) and sand, silt and clay contents. The three evaluated areas presented macroporosity below the critical limit (0.100 m³ m-³), thereby impairing the root development. The three evaluated areas affected the physical quality of the soil. Being the physical attributes that most influenced in the reduction of the soil physical quality was the bulk density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity and soil resistance to penetration.

Representing ancient southern Mesopotamia irrigated landscapes in an agent-based model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengxiao Lang ◽  
Maurits W. Ertsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Primary Canal ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Different Levels

<p>In order to explore possibilities of mimicking the operation of an irrigation system under varied scenarios, the authors have designed the Irrigation-Related Agent-Based Model (IRABM), providing a platform for integrating human and non-human agents (water managers, farmers, barley, river, canals, and gates) together and analyzing the interactions among these agents. IRABM illustrates how barley yields respond to varied irrigation strategies and how patterns of yields vary among the levels of individual farmers, canals, and the whole irrigation system. The model proves how this type of theoretically and empirically informed computer model can be used to develop new insights into studying and simulating interactions between individuals and their environment in an irrigation system. Furthermore, it demonstrates how and why irrigation and yield patterns can emerge from changing actions.</p><p>One of the applications of the model will be for ancient Southern Mesopotamia, the pluvial land between the two rivers Euphrates and Tigris. Our knowledge of irrigation management and irrigated-landscapes in southern Mesopotamia fairly scant due to lack of data, but also because attention for the details of irrigation management has been ignored in archaeological analysis to date. IRABM offers options to synchronize the general features of irrigation systems to the specifics of Mesopotamia. How to represent ancient Mesopotamia in IRABM is the key question we address in this paper.</p><p>Given the low precipitation, the available water in Mesopotamia’s watercourses for cultivation was vital. This prompted the establishment of irrigated agriculture, leading to its sophisticated irrigation systems over time. Management of irrigation activities is both related to water volumes in the different (levels of) water courses, and to the size of a system. Because of the expanding Mesopotamian society, and this its irrigated areas, the unpredictable water availability, and the threat of water scarcity during the crop growing period, coordinating issues were critical.</p><p>How to present ancient Mesopotamian irrigation systems in IRABM and how to fully explore the temporal and spatial coordination issues is our current challenge. Using the standard composition of irrigation systems in the primary canal, secondary canals, and tertiary canals, we can draft sizes of these levels. The cultivated size of agricultural land varied among the different levels of canals. Generally, the primary canal would supply 5 to 6 villages, while the second and tertiary canals might irrigate land in 2 to 3 villages and 1 village, respectively. The main crops were winter crops (barley and wheat). The water regimes of the two rivers are characterized by great, rather unpredictable fluctuations that do not coincide with winter crops.</p><p>This presentation will discuss how the data on ancient Mesopotamian irrigation (including water availability in rivers, canals, and fields, and surface areas of irrigated landscapes) can be meaningfully included in an ABM that allows studying how small/short processes contribute to large-scale patterns and processes occurring in irrigation systems.</p>

INFLUENCE OF SOIL BULK DENSITY AND MATRIC PRESSURE ON SOIL RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. MIRREH ◽  
J. W. KETCHESON
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

Cylinders of a clay loam soil were adjusted to different bulk density and matric pressure combinations to study soil resistance to a penetrating probe. Regression analysis of the penetrometer data produced no evidence to reject a regression model of the form Y = β0X0 + β1X1 + β2X2 + β3X12 + β4X22 + β5X1X2 (where Y = penetrometer resistance, X1 = bulk density, X2 = matric pressure). A three-dimensional plot of the generated soil resistance values was constructed to illustrate the nature of the interaction. At any one bulk density in the range 1.0–1.5 g/cc, soil resistance values tended to pass through a maximum as soil moisture was removed over the matric pressure range 1.0–8.0 atm. The tendency was most pronounced at the lower bulk densities. Implications on root growth and soil management are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of Five Different Soil Moisture Sensors under Irrigated Field Conditions in Oklahoma

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumon Datta ◽  
Saleh Taghvaeian ◽  
Tyson Ochsner ◽  
Daniel Moriasi ◽  
Prasanna Gowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Rosetta Model

Meeting the ever-increasing global food, feed, and fiber demands while conserving the quantity and quality of limited agricultural water resources and maintaining the sustainability of irrigated agriculture requires optimizing irrigation management using advanced technologies such as soil moisture sensors. In this study, the performance of five different soil moisture sensors was evaluated for their accuracy in two irrigated cropping systems, one each in central and southwest Oklahoma, with variable levels of soil salinity and clay content. With factory calibrations, three of the sensors had sufficient accuracies at the site with lower levels of salinity and clay, while none of them performed satisfactorily at the site with higher levels of salinity and clay. The study also investigated the performance of different approaches (laboratory, sensor-based, and the Rosetta model) to determine soil moisture thresholds required for irrigation scheduling, i.e., field capacity (FC) and wilting point (WP). The estimated FC and WP by the Rosetta model were closest to the laboratory-measured data using undisturbed soil cores, regardless of the type and number of input parameters used in the Rosetta model. The sensor-based method of ranking the readings resulted in overestimation of FC and WP. Finally, soil moisture depletion, a critical parameter in effective irrigation scheduling, was calculated by combining sensor readings and FC estimates. Ranking-based FC resulted in overestimation of soil moisture depletion, even for accurate sensors at the site with lower levels of salinity and clay.

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