Phenotypic variability of cowpea genotypes for immature seed harvesting

ABSTRACT Seed color, brightness and texture are important aspects for the consumption of immature beans. This study aimed to estimate the phenotypic variability among thirty cowpea genotypes for immature seed harvesting, in order to guide breeding programs. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design, with three replications. The evaluated traits were immature seeds yield, pods and dry seeds production, number of immature pods, 100-immature seeds weight, immature pods length, number of seeds per immature pod, cooking time, harvesting period of immature pods, seed color, pod color, plant growth habit, opening of immature pods, seed threshing from immature pods, cultivation value and seed browning after threshing. Anova and three clustering methods were applied: UPGMA using the Jaccard coefficient of similarity; modified Tocher method based on the Gower algorithm; and k-means. All the analyses were performed based on the variable means of experiments evaluated in six environments. A statistically significant phenotypic variability was observed among all the quantitative traits. Discrepancies occurred in the accessions grouping and number of clusters. The accession BRS Acauã, in one group, and P508 and PCCR3F6L15, in other groups, showed a good quality for immature grain harvesting, were consistently grouped into different clusters and are recommended for use as parents in the development of new cultivars.

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Evolutionary Subdivision of Domestic Chickens: Implications for Local Breeds as Assessed by Phenotype and Genotype in Comparison to Commercial and Fancy Breeds

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11100914 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 914

Author(s):

Tatyana A. Larkina ◽

Olga Y. Barkova ◽

Grigoriy K. Peglivanyan ◽

Olga V. Mitrofanova ◽

Natalia V. Dementieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Genomic Variation ◽

Classification Model ◽

Genotypic Variability ◽

Marker Assisted Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Clustering Model

To adjust breeding programs for local, commercial, and fancy breeds, and to implement molecular (marker-assisted) breeding, a proper comprehension of phenotypic and genotypic variation is a sine qua non for breeding progress in animal production. Here, we investigated an evolutionary subdivision of domestic chickens based on their phenotypic and genotypic variability using a wide sample of 49 different breeds/populations. These represent a significant proportion of the global chicken gene pool and all major purposes of breed use (according to their traditional classification model), with many of them being characterized by a synthetic genetic structure and notable admixture. We assessed their phenotypic variability in terms of body weight, body measurements, and egg production. From this, we proposed a phenotypic clustering model (PCM) including six evolutionary lineages of breed formation: egg-type, meat-type, dual purpose (egg-meat and meat-egg), game, fancy, and Bantam. Estimation of genotypic variability was carried out using the analysis of five SNPs, i.e., at the level of genomic variation at the NCAPG-LCORL locus. Based on these data, two generally similar genotypic clustering models (GCM1 and GCM2) were inferred that also had several overlaps with PCM. Further research for SNPs associated with economically important traits can be instrumental in marker-assisted breeding programs.

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Agronomic potential and selection of okra hybrids to obtain potential genitors

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620180119 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 112-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gabriel M Maciel ◽

Rafael R Finzi ◽

Alexandre William C Marra ◽

Fábio J Carvalho ◽

Ana Paula O Nogueira

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Canonical Analysis ◽

Index Number ◽

Clustering Methods ◽

Germplasm Bank ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Agronomic Potential ◽

Per Se ◽

Fruit Mass ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT Evaluation of pre-commercial hybrids in a germplasm bank is essential for determining its commercial potential or its utility as a potential genitor in a breeding program. The objective of this study was to determine genetic divergence and per se behavior of 47 pre-commercial hybrids from okra germplasm bank of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Precocity index (%), number of fruits (fruits per plant), average fruit mass (g) and productivity (g per plant) were evaluated. Analysis of genetic divergence was performed by multivariate analysis using Mahalanobis distance with different clustering methods (UPGMA and canonical analysis). The performance of hybrids was compared by Scott-Knott (p= 0.05). A significant genetic variability among okra hybrids was observed. UPGMA and canonical analysis grouped the hybrids similarly, being satisfactory to represent genetic divergence. Ten hybrids presented higher performance than the commercial hybrids. Among them, UFU-QB16 stood out as the most promising hybrid for being used as a potential parent in breeding programs after auto pollination.

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Use of water extraction variability to screen for sunflower genotypes well adapted to soil water limitation

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp11235 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 999

Author(s):

Ando M. Radanielson ◽

Jeremie Lecoeur ◽

Angelique Christophe ◽

Lydie Guilioni

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Mean Values ◽

Relative Value ◽

Water Uptake Capacity ◽

Extraction Properties ◽

Soil Water Extraction ◽

The Mean

In conditions of water deficit, plant yield depends mostly on the ability of the plant to explore soil profile and its water uptake capacity per unit volume of soil. In this study, the value of soil water extraction properties for use in sunflower breeding was evaluated. Five experiments were carried out in pots, in greenhouses, from 2005 to 2009, in Montpellier, France. Elite sunflower cultivars and experimental hybrids obtained from a factorial cross between five female and five male inbred lines were grown. The soil water extraction performance of the plants was characterised by the soil water content at minimal stomatal conductance (SWCgs = 0) and the index of water extraction (IEgen), which was calculated as the relative value of SWCgs = 0 to the performance of the cultivar NKMelody. Heritability (H2) was estimated for the experimental hybrids. Phenotypic variability of the SWCgs = 0 was observed with a significant effect of the environment and the genotype. The latest released cultivars were observed as the best performing one in water extraction with an IEgen under 0.85. This trait was found to be suitable for use in comparisons of the soil water extraction performances of different genotypes. The high H2 value for SWCgs = 0 (0.77 and 0.81) and the significant correlation (r2 = 0.70, P < 0.001) between the values obtained for the experimental hybrids and the mean values of the general combining ability (GCA) for the parental lines showed that this trait is heritable and could be used in plant breeding programs. Phenotyping methods and the usefulness of this trait in crop modelling are discussed.

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AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF COWPEA ELITE LINES IN THE STATES OF MINAS GERAIS AND MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n111rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 90-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

VANET BATISTA DE SOUZA ◽

ABNER JOSÉ DE CARVALHO ◽

KAESEL JACKSON DAMASCENO-SILVA ◽

MAURISRAEL DE MOURA ROCHA ◽

MARLON LOPES LACERDA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Habit ◽

Block Design ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Northern Region ◽

The State ◽

Good Growth ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Plant Growth Habit ◽

Bean Yield

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of erect and semi-erect cowpea elite lines grown in the States of Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experiments were conducted in Jaíba, Janaúba, Sete Lagoas (Minas Gerais), Primavera do Leste and Nova Ubiratã (Mato Grosso), with 20 genotypes of cowpea, arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The data were subjected to individual and joint analyses of variance and means grouped by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05). The plant growth habit, lodging, cultivation value, pod length and bean yield were evaluated. The lines MNC04-768F-21 and MNC04F-795F-168 had the highest bean yield in the experiments conducted in Mato Grosso, and their growth habit, lodging and cultivation value were similar to those of the cultivar BRS-Guariba. The lines MNC04-769F-30, MNC05-795F-154 and MNC04-769F-49 and the cultivar BRS-Tumucumaque had the highest bean yield in the experiments conducted in Minas Gerais. However, the cultivars BRS-Guariba, BRS-Tumucumaque, BRS-Novaera, BRS-Itaim and BRS-Cauamé and the lines MNC04-792F-143 and MNC04-792F-144 showed satisfactory bean yield and good growth habit, plant lodging and cultivation value in the State of Minas Gerais, especially in the northern region of the state (Jaíba and Janaúba), representing good alternatives for the genotypes recommended for this region.

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Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Prostrate/Erect Growth Habit in Winter Durum Wheat

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21020394 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 394 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniela Marone ◽

Monica Rodriguez ◽

Sergio Saia ◽

Roberto Papa ◽

Domenico Rau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Association Mapping ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Zinc Finger ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Plant Growth Habit ◽

Tiller Angle

By selecting for prostrate growth habit of the juvenile phase of the cycle, durum wheat cultivars could be developed with improved competitive ability against weeds, and better soil coverage to reduce the soil water lost by evaporation. A panel of 184 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) genotypes, previously genotyped with DArT-seq markers, was used to perform association mapping analysis of prostrate/erect growth habit trait and to identify candidate genes. Phenotypic data of plant growth habit were recorded during three consecutive growing seasons (2014–2016), two different growth conditions (field trial and greenhouse) and two sowing periods (autumn and spring). Genome-wide association study revealed significant marker-trait associations, twelve of which were specific for a single environment/year, 4 consistent in two environments, and two MTAs for the LSmeans were identified across all environments, on chromosomes 2B and 5A. The co-localization of some MTAs identified in this study with known vernalization and photoperiod genes demonstrated that the sensitivity to vernalization and photoperiod response are actually not only key components of spring/winter growth habit, but they play also an important role in defining the magnitude of the tiller angle during the tillering stage. Many zinc-finger transcription factors, such as C2H2 or CCCH-domain zinc finger proteins, known to be involved in plant growth habit and in leaf angle regulation were found as among the most likely candidate genes. The highest numbers of candidate genes putatively related to the trait were found on chromosomes 3A, 4B, 5A and 6A. Moreover, a bioinformatic approach has been considered to search for functional ortholog genes in wheat by using the sequence of rice and barley tiller angle-related genes. The information generated could be used to improve the understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the prostrate/erect growth habit in wheat and the adaptive potential of durum wheat under resource-limited environmental conditions.

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Genotypic and Phenotypic Variability for Yield and its Components in Normal and Late Sown Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-505 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

D Yücel

Keyword(s):

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Block Design ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

High Yield ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Cicer Arietinum L ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Late Sowing

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the important legumes widely grown for dietary proteins in semi-arid Mediterranean climatic conditions. The main goal of any breeding programs in the world is to produce high yield and better quality genotypes for farmers and commercial growers to be released as cultivars. Present research has been conducted to select more desirable characteristics that may contribute to the improvement of drought tolerant chickpea. Thirty-two chickpea genotypes along with two control varieties were evaluated in winter and late sowing conditions in 2015 and 2016, in randomized complete block design with three replications. Phenotypic coefficients of variation were found to be higher than genotypic coefficients of variation for all the traits. The highest heritability along with high genetic advance was found for hundred seed weight followed by podding day, plant height, flowering day and first pod height in normal and stress conditions. These traits can be improved by giving special attention during selection.

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