scholarly journals Phytotoxic effects of Morus nigra aqueous extract on germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa

Rodriguésia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 2153-2161
Author(s):  
Letícia Rodrigues Vieira ◽  
Eliane Regina da Silva ◽  
Geraldo Luiz Gonçalves Soares ◽  
Claudimar Sidnei Fior ◽  
Eduardo Miranda Ethur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Morphological Deformities

Abstract Some exotic species threat the integrity of natural environments due to their invasive potential. They can affect other species by releasing secondary compounds in the soil. Morus nigra (Moraceae) is an invasive species of riparian forests in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to verify if the aqueous extracts of fruit, fresh and dry leaves of M. nigra show phytotoxic effects on germination, seedling growth and membrane integrity of seedlings of Lactuca sativa. Extract concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% were tested. Germination rate and speed of germination were determined. Effects on initial growth were evaluated by measuring seedling root and shoot length, and membrane integrity was assessed by conductivity tests. Results showed the phytotoxicity of M. nigra aqueous extracts, causing significant inhibition on germination and seedling growth. The fruit extract was generally less phytotoxic than extracts from fresh and dry leaves. Moreover, the extracts induced changes in membrane integrity and caused morphological deformities in seedlings, such as necrotic roots and chlorotic plants. The high phytotoxicity of fruit, dry and fresh leaf extracts of M. nigra was evidenced, indicating the allelopathic potential of the species.

scholarly journals Germination and initial development of canola and radish submitted to castor leaves aqueous extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Gonsiorkiewicz Rigon ◽  
Adriana Tourinho Salamoni ◽  
Luan Cutti ◽  
Adalin Cezar Morais de Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Radish Seed

This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic activity of aqueous extracts of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) leaves on germination and initial growth of canola (Brassica napus L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings. Two experiments were conducted, usingcanola seeds for the first, which was installed in a 2x7 factorial scheme (with two photoperiods – dark and light and seven extracts concentrations - 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32%). The second experiment consisted of an evaluation of radish seed germination submitted to seven concentrations of the extracts in the dark photoperiod. The germination of the canola seeds was reduced in the dark, and the use of extracts at concentrations of 16% and 32%inhibited seeds germination for both studied photoperiods. The radish seed germination was completely inhibited when the concentration of 32% was used, however, at the concentrations of 4, 8 and 16% a reduction on rootand hypocoyl development of the seedlings were observed, affirming the high allelopathic potential of castor bean aqueous extracts on canola and radish.

Phytotoxic effects of extract and essential oil of Eucalyptus saligna (Myrtaceae) leaf litter on grassland species

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane R. Silva ◽  
Diana C. Lazarotto ◽  
Joséli Schwambach ◽  
Gerhard E. Overbeck ◽  
Geraldo L. G. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Grassland Species

Under Eucalyptus plantations in the South Brazilian grassland region, few plants establish, and allelopathy may be involved in shaping this pattern. We aimed to assess the phytotoxicity of essential oil and aqueous extract of Eucalyptus saligna Sm. leaf litter on grassland species. We tested the effects of E. saligna pure oil and extract on germination, seedling growth, H2O2 levels and electrolyte leakage of seedling membranes of Paspalum notatum Flüggé, Eragrostis plana Ness (Poaceae), Trifolium repens L. and Lotus corniculatus L. (Fabaceae). Essential oil and aqueous extract of E. saligna affected all recipient species, even at the lowest amounts/concentrations, inhibiting germination and initial growth, and also increasing H2O2 levels and electrolyte leakage of seedling membranes. Essential oil consisted mainly of monoterpenes and presented α-pinene and 1,8-cineole as the major compounds. The extract contained phenolics, and lower levels of these compounds in the extract were associated with decreased phytotoxicity. We conclude that E. saligna contains phytotoxic compounds in leaf litter that generate oxidative stress and lead to membrane damage, affecting seeds and seedling growth. In addition, we relate E. saligna phytotoxicity to monoterpenes that may be released from leaf litter by volatilisation, and phenolics that may be leached by rainfall. Our study indicates that E. saligna has allelopathic potential on the tested grassland species.

scholarly journals Comparative allelopathic potential of metabolites of two Alternanthera species against germination and seedling growth of rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mehmood ◽  
A. Tanveer ◽  
M.A. Nadeem ◽  
Z.A. Zahir
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of plant parts of Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis and soil incorporated residues on germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa). Aqueous extracts prepared from different plant parts of Alternanthera species delayed rice germination. Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis inhibited rice germination by 9-100% and 4-49%, respectively. Germination of rice seeds was reduced with increasing concentration of aqueous leaf extracts of both weed species. Early seedling growth (root and shoot lengths) and seedling vigor index were significantly reduced by 5% aqueous leaf extract compared with distilled water treated control. Germination, root and shoot lengths, root and shoot dry weights and seedling vigor index of rice were drastically reduced by 3 and 4% in residue infested soil compared with residue free soil. The inhibitory effect of A. philoxeroides in terms of germination and seedling growth of rice was greater than that of A. sessilis. Five percent aqueous leaf extract and 4% residue infested soil of A. philoxeroides caused complete failure of rice seed germination. Alternanthera philoxeroides contained water soluble phenolics, namely 4 hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid (16.19 mg L-1) and m-coumaric acid (1.48 mg L-1), whereas Alternanthera sessilis was rich in chlorogenic acid (17.85 mg L-1), gallic acid (11.03 mg L-1) and vanillic acid (9.88 mg L-1). The study indicates that the allelopathic potential of Alternanthera species may play an important role in enhancing the invasiveness of these species and may suppress rice plants in the vicinity.

scholarly journals Allelopathic potential of orsellinic acid derivatives

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marize Terezinha Lopes Pereira Peres ◽  
Ana Maria Mapeli ◽  
Odival Faccenda ◽  
Alcir Teixeira Gomes ◽  
Neli Kika Honda
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Orsellinic Acid ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Grand Rapids

Environmental degradation caused by the excessive use of pesticides has motivated studies aimed at the discovery of new formulations for pest control. The bioassays carried out under laboratory conditions for the present study involved the germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa cv. Grand Rapids and Allium cepa cv. Baia Periforme treated with lecanoric acid or one of seven esters obtained from the alcoholysis of the acid. Each substance was tested at concentrations of 10-3, 10-5, 10-7 M, and 10-9 M. The results revealed that, except for lecanoric acid and methyl orsellinate, all other compounds exhibited significant differences in their action when compared with the controls. Also, A. cepa was more sensitive to the compounds assayed, at the concentrations tested. Nearly all the esters exhibited significant effects, a feature that could makes them promising for the development of new natural herbicides.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Allelopathic Effect of Matricaria chamomilla L. Parts’ Aqueous Extracts on Germination and Seedling Growth of Two Moroccan Varieties of Durum Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Amine Elbouzidi ◽  
Noureddine Bencheikh ◽  
Sara Seddoqi ◽  
Mohamed Bouhrim ◽  
Youssef Bouramdane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

The phenomenon of allelopathy has been known for more than 2000 years. This phenomenon consists of the chemical interference of plant species (or other organisms), by enhancing, or inhibiting, the germination, seedling growth, or development of other plant species (or other organisms). This paper aimed to investigate the allelopathic potential of the aqueous extract of different parts of Matricaria chamomilla L. on germination parameters (radicle, coleoptile length, and dry weight) of two Moroccan varieties of durum wheat. Chamomile extracts from leaves, roots, or flowers at concentrations of 50 and 100 g·L−1 were prepared and applied to wheat durum seeds. The control group was given distilled water. In both studied varieties of durum wheat, only flowers’ aqueous extracts showed a significant positive allelopathic effect by increasing the studied parameters, while leaves and roots from chamomile showed an inhibiting potential on germination and seedling growth in varieties riyad and kanakis.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Chrysanthemum Procumentens on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Beans Phaseolus Vulgaris

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Kemi Akinwunmi ◽  
Esther Odunsi ◽  
Chizi Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Root And Shoot Length

The present study was undertaken to assess the allelopathic effect of Chrysanthemum procumentens in relation to germination and growth of bean seedling. C. procumentens reduced germination and suppressed early seedling growth of beans. With increase in extract concentration from 20 mg ml-1 to 60 mg ml-1, a gradual decrease in seed germination evaluated by reduction in the concentration of biomolecules such as total protein, total soluble sugar and amylase activities; and increase in the activities of hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, Lipases and Arginase occurred. The longest seedling root and shoot lengths were recorded on day 1 at 20 mg ml-1 extract concentration while the shortest seedling root and shoot length were recorded on day 6 at 80 mg ml-1 extract concentrations. It was noted that the reduction in germination and suppression of seedling growth observed in this study were concentration and time dependent. The result suggested that C. procumentens had good allelopathic potential which reduces germination and plant growth.

scholarly journals Response of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf aqueous extracts, on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in agri-silvi system of Uttarakhand

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-415
Author(s):  
Abhishek Bahuguna ◽  
Sandhya Bahuguna ◽  
Birendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Root And Shoot Length

Effect of different doses of aqueous extracts of walnut leaf was studied on germinating seeds and early seedling growth of wheat variety (cv. VL-616) recommended for hills under West Himalayan agri-silvi system. Seven treatments comprised of distilled water control (0%), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% concentration of leaf extracts were treated. The effect of aqueous extracts was found inhibitive; indicate a direct proportional relationship with concentration dependent manner on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of wheat. The wheat variety exhibited extent of phytotoxicity at 60% extracts application in comparison to untreated control. Invariably there was a decrease in first count, germination, seedling root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weight and vigour index with increasing aqueous extracts concentration on germinating wheat, however the shoot length was observed maximum at 60% concentration.

We investigated the phytotoxicity of desert cotton (Aerva javanica) extracts on wild oat and wheat. Aqueous extracts from A. javanica roots, leaves and inflorescences collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha regions, Saudi Arabia were used. Generally, the allelopathic potential of water extracts of A. javanica collected from Jeddah were more in inhibitory to wild oat germination and seedlings growth than those from Al-Baha. In both regions, root extracts were inhibitory to wild oat followed by leaves and inflorescences extracts. All test aqueous extracts of both regions did not inhibit the wheat germination or seedlings growth.Whreas, the wild oat germination was reduced by root extracts 58.62 %, 28.62 % leaves extracts : 32.72 %, 17.72 % and inflorescences extract 28.11 %, 12.13 % by in plants samples collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha, respectively. Wild oat radical length was inhibited by root extracts 53.27 %, 32.84 % leaves 42.35 %, 9.63 % and inflorescences extracts 22.64 %, 16.75 % in case of Jeddah and Al-Baha plants, respectively. In pot culture experiment, all treatments markedly reduced the plant dry weight and soluble carbohydrates, proteins and free amino acids contents in wild oat. The differences in the allelopathic potentials of studied A. javanica extracts were related to the qualitative variations in their phytochemicals constituents. Our results showed that A. javanica extracts could be safely used to control wild oat growth in wheat fields after more detsaled research..

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
M.Z. Norhafizah ◽  
W.S. Wan Nur Suzani Sazleen ◽  
T.S. Chuah
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Root Extracts

This glasshouse study aimed to determine the herbicidal activity of allelochemicals 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) on test weeds (Asystasia gangetica, Eleusine indica, Leptochloa chinensis and Oldenlandia verticillata) and to find the tolerance of test crops (Brassica rapa, Oryza sativa, Zea mays) to 2,4-DTBP. The 2,4-DTBP applied at 7 kg ai/ha inhibited the weeds seedling growth by 15-40 % only, showing its poor post emergence herbicidal activity. In contrast, soil bioassay confirmed pre-emergence herbicidal activity of 2,4-DTBP that reduced the seedling growth of weeds (L. chinensis, E. indica and O. verticillata) by 50- 80 % at 2.5 kg ai/ha but A. gangetica was tolerant to 2,4-DTBP even at 5 kg ai/ha. Crop tolerance test revealed that Zea mays was tolerant to 2,4-DTBP. In contrast, root lengths of transplanted Brassica rapa seedlings and Oryza sativa seedlings were reduced by 10- 15 % at 2,4-DTBP doses of 1.25 to 5 kg ai/ha, 14 days after treatment. However, these two crops seedlings became tolerant to 2,4-DTBP at 5 kg ai/ha, when applied 4 days after transplanting. Thus 2,4-DTBP may be developed as novel pre-emergence natural herbicide, without injuring the crops depending on their growth stages and crop species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document