A reference chromosomal map of the hot chili pepper Capsicum pubescens cv. “locoto” (Solanaceae)

Abstract Capsicum pubescens is a cultivated hot chili pepper, consumed in Latin American cuisine as a distinctive ingredient, and popularly known as “locoto” or “rocoto”. This taxon is also an outstanding source of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as other valuable fruit traits for breeding of the worldwidely cultivated C. annuum and related species. In this study, the chromosome complement of C. pubescens cv. “locoto” (2n = 24) was deeply characterized through a sequential combination of conventional and molecular cytogenetics approaches comprising: Ag-NOR staining, heterochromatic fluorescent C-DAPI, DAPI/AMD-CMA/DA bandings, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of Capsicum-derived probes of the 5S and 18S-25S rRNA genes and different regions of spacers of the ribosomal unit, as well as telomeric probe. The markers identified were systematically combined with morphological karyotype parameters - number, size, centromeres, satellites - to produce a physical map which allowed the identification of several landmarks in each individual chromosome. The reference chromosomal map of C. pubescens here presented is the most comprehensively developed in Capsicum so far. It is envisioned that this chromosomal map will serve as a reference framework for the upcoming sequencing projects and as starting point to assist future genetic mapping of important agronomic traits.

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The Road to the Baccalaureate

Journal of International Students ◽

10.32674/jis.v10i2.339 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 420-442

Author(s):

Dina Ghazzawi ◽

Lyle McKinney ◽

Catherine Lynn Horn ◽

Vincent Carales ◽

Andrea Burridge

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Academic Preparedness ◽

African Students ◽

Bachelor Degree ◽

Caribbean Students ◽

The Road ◽

Community College District ◽

Starting Point ◽

Delayed Enrollment ◽

Sub Saharan

International students are increasingly enrolling in U.S community colleges as a starting point to their higher education. However, limited research examines the factors contributing to their successful transfer to a 4-year institution and bachelor degree attainment. Utilizing longitudinal transcript data from a large community college district in Texas, this study uses hierarchical logistical regression to compare college experiences and transfer outcomes based on region of origin. Findings demonstrate that while Sub-Saharan African students have a significantly higher probability of transfer than Asian and Latin American students, the majority of bachelor degree recipients were Asian students graduating in STEM fields. Delayed enrollment into college and academic preparedness in math were negatively associated with transfer for Latin American and Caribbean students.

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Chromosomal Map of the Model LegumeLotus japonicus

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/161.4.1661 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 161 (4) ◽

pp. 1661-1672 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Andrea Pedrosa ◽

Niels Sandal ◽

Jens Stougaard ◽

Dieter Schweizer ◽

Andreas Bachmair

Keyword(s):

Repetitive Sequences ◽

Lotus Japonicus ◽

Chromosome Complement ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

Bac Clones ◽

Genomic Regions ◽

Chromosomal Map

AbstractLotus japonicus is a model plant for the legume family. To facilitate map-based cloning approaches and genome analysis, we performed an extensive characterization of the chromosome complement of the species. A detailed karyotype of L. japonicus Gifu was built and plasmid and BAC clones, corresponding to genetically mapped markers (see the accompanying article by Sandal et al. 2002, this issue), were used for FISH to correlate genetic and chromosomal maps. Hybridization of DNA clones from 32 different genomic regions enabled the assignment of linkage groups to chromosomes, the comparison between genetic and physical distances throughout the genome, and the partial characterization of different repetitive sequences, including telomeric and centromeric repeats. Additional analysis of L. filicaulis and its F1 hybrid with L. japonicus demonstrated the occurrence of inversions between these closely related species, suggesting that these chromosome rearrangements are early events in speciation of this group.

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Practices of sustainability and the enactment of their natures/cultures: Ecosystem services, rights of nature, and geoengineering

Social Science Information ◽

10.1177/0539018421998947 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 053901842199894

Author(s):

Frank Adloff ◽

Iris Hilbrich

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Latin American ◽

Social Systems ◽

The Earth ◽

Starting Point ◽

Knowledge Cultures ◽

Rights Of Nature ◽

Value Of Nature ◽

The One ◽

And Control

Possible trajectories of sustainability are based on different concepts of nature. The article starts out from three trajectories of sustainability (modernization, transformation and control) and reconstructs one characteristic practice for each path with its specific conceptions of nature. The notion that nature provides human societies with relevant ecosystem services is typical of the path of modernization. Nature is reified and monetarized here, with regard to its utility for human societies. Practices of transformation, in contrast, emphasize the intrinsic ethical value of nature. This becomes particularly apparent in discourses on the rights of nature, whose starting point can be found in Latin American indigenous discourses, among others. Control practices such as geoengineering are based on earth-systemic conceptions of nature, in which no distinction is made between natural and social systems. The aim is to control the earth system as a whole in order for human societies to remain viable. Practices of sustainability thus show different ontological understandings of nature (dualistic or monistic) on the one hand and (implicit) ethics and sacralizations (anthropocentric or biocentric) on the other. The three reconstructed natures/cultures have different ontological and ethical affinities and conflict with each other. They are linked to very different knowledge cultures and life-worlds, which answer very differently to the question of what is of value in a society and in nature and how these values ought to be protected.

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Ribosomal DNA localization on Lathyrus species chromosomes by FISH

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-020-00075-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hoda B. M. Ali ◽

Samira A. Osman

Keyword(s):

Genome Mapping ◽

Chromosome Complement ◽

5S Rdna ◽

Rdna Locus ◽

5S Rrna ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

45S Rdna ◽

Metaphase Chromosomes ◽

Lathyrus Odoratus ◽

5S Rrna Genes

Abstract Background Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) played an essential role to locate the ribosomal RNA genes on the chromosomes that offered a new tool to study the chromosome structure and evolution in plant. The 45S and 5S rRNA genes are independent and localized at one or more loci per the chromosome complement, their positions along chromosomes offer useful markers for chromosome discriminations. In the current study FISH has been performed to locate 45S and 5S rRNA genes on the chromosomes of nine Lathyrus species belong to five different sections, all have chromosome number 2n=14, Lathyrus gorgoni Parl, Lathyrus hirsutus L., Lathyrus amphicarpos L., Lathyrus odoratus L., Lathyrus sphaericus Retz, Lathyrus incospicuus L, Lathyrus paranensis Burkart, Lathyrus nissolia L., and Lathyrus articulates L. Results The revealed loci of 45S and 5S rDNA by FISH on metaphase chromosomes of the examined species were as follow: all of the studied species have one 45S rDNA locus and one 5S rDNA locus except L. odoratus L., L. amphicarpos L. and L. sphaericus Retz L. have two loci of 5S rDNA. Three out of the nine examined species have the loci of 45S and 5S rRNA genes on the opposite arms of the same chromosome (L. nissolia L., L. amphicarpos L., and L. incospicuus L.), while L. hirsutus L. has both loci on the same chromosome arm. The other five species showed the loci of the two types of rDNA on different chromosomes. Conclusion The detected 5S and 45S rDNA loci in Lathyrus could be used as chromosomal markers to discriminate the chromosome pairs of the examined species. FISH could discriminate only one chromosome pair out of the seven pairs in three species, in L. hirsutus L., L. nissolia L. and L. incospicuus L., and two chromosome pairs in five species, in L. paranensis Burkart, L. odoratus L., L. amphicarpos L., L. gorgoni Parl. and L. articulatus L., while it could discriminate three chromosome pairs in L. sphaericus Retz. these results could contribute into the physical genome mapping of Lathyrus species and the evolution of rDNA patterns by FISH in the coming studies in future.

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Extracellular hydrolytic enzyme production by proteolytic bacteria from the Antarctic

Polish Polar Research ◽

10.2478/popore-2013-0014 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 253-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mauro Tropeano ◽

Susana Vázquez ◽

Silvia Coria ◽

Adrián Turjanski ◽

Daniel Cicero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Enzymes ◽

Restriction Analysis ◽

Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽

Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽

Extracellular Enzyme ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Potter Cove ◽

Starting Point ◽

Dna Restriction

AbstractCold−adapted marine bacteria producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes are important for their industrial application and play a key role in degradation of particulate organic matter in their natural environment. In this work, members of a previously−obtained protease−producing bacterial collection isolated from different marine sources from Potter Cove (King George Island, South Shetlands) were taxonomically identified and screened for their ability to produce other economically relevant enzymes. Eighty−eight proteolytic bacterial isolates were grouped into 25 phylotypes based on their Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis profiles. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes from representative isolates of the phylotypes showed that the predominant culturable protease−producing bacteria belonged to the class Gammaproteobacteria and were affiliated to the genera Pseudomonas, Shewanella, Colwellia, and Pseudoalteromonas, the latter being the predominant group (64% of isolates). In addition, members of the classes Actinobacteria, Bacilli and Flavobacteria were found. Among the 88 isolates screened we detected producers of amylases (21), pectinases (67), cellulases (53), CM−cellulases (68), xylanases (55) and agarases (57). More than 85% of the isolates showed at least one of the extracellular enzymatic activities tested, with some of them producing up to six extracellular enzymes. Our results confirmed that using selective conditions to isolate producers of one extracellular enzyme activity increases the probability of recovering bacteria that will also produce additional extracellular enzymes. This finding establishes a starting point for future programs oriented to the prospecting for biomolecules in Antarctica.

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Democratization in Unlikely Places: Comparative Lessons from the Latin American Experience

Middle East Law and Governance ◽

10.1163/18763375-01003008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 402-419

Author(s):

Kenneth M. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Economic Prosperity ◽

American Experience ◽

Democratic Regimes ◽

Starting Point ◽

The World ◽

Political Consensus

The Latin American experience at the end of the 20th century demonstrates that democratic regimes can be established and stabilized in “unlikely” places that would not appear to have the requisite “preconditions” for democracy as conventionally theorized. The region may thus provide insights into the prospects for democracy in other parts of the world, such as the MENA region, that also lack the traditional correlates of democracy. An understanding of democracy’s institutional roots in deep societal conflicts, rather than political consensus, civic cultures, or economic prosperity, is an essential starting point for such cross-regional perspectives.

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Genetic dissection of an allotetraploid interspecific CSSLs guides interspecific genetics and breeding in cotton

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17006/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

De Zhu ◽

Ximei Li ◽

Zhiwei Wang ◽

Chunyuan You ◽

Xinhui Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upland Cotton ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Physical Map ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Interval Length ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

Multiple Alleles

Abstract Background: The low genetic diversity of Upland cotton limits the potential for genetic improvement. Making full use of the genetic resources of Sea-island cotton will facilitate genetic improvement of widely cultivated Upland cotton varieties. The chromosome segments substitution lines (CSSLs) provide an ideal strategy for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in interspecific hybridization.Results: In this study, a CSSL population was developed by PCR-based markers assisted selection (MAS), derived from the crossing and backcrossing of Gossypium hirsutum (Gh) and G. barbadense (Gb), firstly. Then, by whole genome re-sequencing, 11,653,661 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified which ultimately constructed 1,211 recombination chromosome introgression segments from Gb. The sequencing-based physical map provided more accurate introgressions than the PCR-based markers. By exploiting CSSLs with mutant morphological traits, the genes responding for leaf shape and fuzz-less mutation in the Gb were identified. Based on a high-resolution recombination bin map to uncover genetic loci determining the phenotypic variance between Gh and Gb, 64 QTLs were identified for 14 agronomic traits with an interval length of 158 kb to 27 Mb. Surprisingly, multiple alleles of Gb showed extremely high value in enhancing cottonseed oil content (SOC). Conclusions: This study provides guidance for studying interspecific inheritance, especially breeding researchers, for future studies using the traditional PCR-based molecular markers and high-throughput re-sequencing technology in the study of CSSLs. Available resources include candidate position for controlling cotton quality and quantitative traits, and excellent breeding materials. Collectively, our results provide insights into the genetic effects of Gb alleles on the Gh, and provide guidance for the utilization of Gb alleles in interspecific breeding.

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Evolution and research trends of inclusive museum studies: a bibliometric approach

Kepes ◽

10.17151/kepes.2020.17.22.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (22) ◽

pp. 161-192

Author(s):

Jackeline Valencia Arias ◽

Alejandro Valencia-Arias ◽

Danny Zurc

Keyword(s):

Inclusive Education ◽

Latin American ◽

Museum Studies ◽

Research Trends ◽

Cultural Institutions ◽

Disabled People ◽

Starting Point ◽

University Communities ◽

Bibliometric Approach ◽

Shed Light

Inclusion is defined as the opportunity disabled people have to fully participate in different contexts: education, work, consumption, entertainment, and other daily social activities. For an understanding of that, this study aims at examine the evolution and research trends of the field of inclusive museums in order propose a line of research that includes growing and emerging concepts in this area of knowledge. For that purpose, technological mapping was carried out by means of a bibliometric analysis that examined 284 publications indexed in Scopus from 1987 to 2018. Results indicate that 47 countries have carried out studies on inclusive museums, within the framework of the research lines inclusive education and education in museums. Research that has been disseminated in greater measure through American journals. This bibliometric study on inclusive museums enabled to shed light on the productivity, impact, and networking of researchers in this field. Finally, this study constitutes a relevant starting point that not only presents trends in the field of inclusive museums but also encourages university communities and cultural institutions (such as Latin American museums) to consider the role they play in said area, as well as the visibility of their research efforts.

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Genetic dissection of an allotetraploid interspecific CSSLs guides interspecific genetics and breeding in cotton

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17006/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

De Zhu ◽

Ximei Li ◽

Zhiwei Wang ◽

Chunyuan You ◽

Xinhui Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upland Cotton ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Oil Content ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Physical Map ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Cottonseed Oil ◽

Interval Length ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Multiple Alleles

Abstract Background: The low genetic diversity of Upland cotton limits the potential for genetic improvement. Making full use of the genetic resources of Sea-island cotton will facilitate genetic improvement of widely cultivated Upland cotton varieties. The chromosome segments substitution lines (CSSLs) provide an ideal strategy for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in interspecific hybridization. Results: In this study, a CSSL population was developed by PCR-based markers assisted selection (MAS), derived from the crossing and backcrossing of Gossypium hirsutum (Gh) and G. barbadense (Gb), firstly. Then, by whole genome re-sequencing, 11,653,661 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified which ultimately constructed 1,211 recombination chromosome introgression segments from Gb. The sequencing-based physical map provided more accurate introgressions than the PCR-based markers. By exploiting CSSLs with mutant morphological traits, the genes responding for leaf shape and fuzz-less mutation in the Gb were identified. Based on a high-resolution recombination bin map to uncover genetic loci determining the phenotypic variance between Gh and Gb, 64 QTLs were identified for 14 agronomic traits with an interval length of 158 kb to 27 Mb. Surprisingly, multiple alleles of Gb showed extremely high value in enhancing cottonseed oil content (SOC). Surprisingly, multiple alleles of Gb showed extremely high value in enhancing cottonseed oil content (SOC). Conclusions: This study provides guidance for studying interspecific inheritance, especially breeding researchers, for future studies using the traditional PCR-based molecular markers and high-throughput re-sequencing technology in the study of CSSLs. Available resources include candidate position for controlling cotton quality and quantitative traits, and excellent breeding materials. Collectively, our results provide insights into the genetic effects of Gb alleles on the Gh, and provide guidance for the utilization of Gb alleles in interspecific breeding.

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Decolonial Openings in Theologies of Liberation

Decolonial Love ◽

10.5422/fordham/9780823281886.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 49-70

Author(s):

Joseph Drexler-Dreis

Keyword(s):

Liberation Theology ◽

Latin American ◽

Theological Reflection ◽

Theoretical Possibility ◽

Western Modernity ◽

Historical Structures ◽

The Third ◽

The Poor ◽

Starting Point ◽

Jon Sobrino

The third chapter considers how approaches to theological reflection within Latin American liberation theology might open up toward a decolonial project. It specifically focuses on how the work of the liberation theologians Ignacio Ellacuría and Jon Sobrino, unlike that of Clodovis Boff, points to the theoretical possibility of communities speaking theologically from epistemic loci located within the cracks of Western modernity. Ellacuría and Sobrino open up the methodological possibility to decolonize theological images and concepts, and in doing so, offer the possibility for theological reflection to decolonize social-historical structures. A decolonial option requires, but is also more than, a methodological shift that prioritizes the viewpoint of the poor as the starting point in theological reflection. Investigating how Ellacuría and Sobrino are able to open up the epistemic boundaries of theology is thus not an endpoint, but can provide a way forward for a decolonial theology.

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