scholarly journals Adjustment of the methodology of the tetrazolium test for estimating viability of Eugenia uniflora L. seeds during storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Karoline Kaiser ◽  
Laura Cristiane Nascimento de Freitas ◽  
Rubia Priscila Biron ◽  
Simone Cristina Simonato ◽  
Michele Fernanda Bortolini
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Paper Towel ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Longitudinal Cutting ◽  
Direct Immersion ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

The study aimed to adjust the methodology of the tetrazolium test to estimate seed viability of Eugenia uniflora L. (Surinam Cherry). Seeds were collected in September 2012 and divided into four lots: freshly harvested (Lot I); stored in plastic bags in a refrigerator at 10 °C for: 15 days (Lot II); 30 days (Lot III); and 45 days (Lot IV). The freshly harvested seeds were preconditioned with direct immersion in water and wet paper towel, followed or not by longitudinal cutting. The seeds were immersed in a 0.1% tetrazolium solution for 4 hours at 30 °C. Appropriate soaking and preparation methods were applied to the seeds lots using three tetrazolium concentrations: 0.1; 0.5; and 1.0%; and four preconditioning periods (2, 4, 6 and 8 hours) at 30 °C. The viability results obtained by the tetrazolium test were compared with those of the germination test. Direct immersion of seeds in water for 24 hours at 25 °C, followed by a longitudinal cut was efficient for preconditioning the seeds. Seed staining with tetrazolium solution at a concentration of 0.5% for 2 hours at 30 °C can be used to estimate the viability of freshly harvested and stored Surinam Cherry seeds.

scholarly journals Tetrazolium test adjustment for wheat seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Cristina de Carvalho ◽  
Francisco Carlos Krzyzanowski ◽  
Osvaldo de Castro Ohlson ◽  
Maristela Panobianco
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Efficient Procedure ◽  
Paper Towels ◽  
Direct Immersion ◽  
Tetrazolium Test ◽  
Wheat Seeds ◽  
Test Adjustment

The assessment of the germination test in wheat seeds varies from 4 to 15 days, because the species normally presents dormancy in freshly harvested seeds. The tetrazolium test can characterize seed viability in less than 24 hours including lots with dormancy seeds. The objective of this study was to develop a practical and efficient procedure for evaluating the viability of wheat seeds using the tetrazolium test. Five seed lots of the BRS 208 cultivar were used, where the following were tested: a) pre-conditioning between moist paper towels or direct immersion in water for 18 hours, at 20 °C; b) longitudinal section of the embryo and the endosperm; c) coloration on paper or by immersion for 2 and 3 hours, at 30 and 40 °C; and d) concentrations of tetrazolium solution at 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0%. The tetrazolium test may be efficiently used to evaluate wheat seed viability by pre-conditioning the seeds between paper towels (18 hours, at 20 °C) and adopting the following combinations of preparation and coloration: coloration of both halves of the seed on paper (2 hours, at 30 °C), in a 1.0% tetrazolium solution; or coloration of one half of the seed by immersion (3 hours, at 30 °C), in a 0.1% tetrazolium solution; or coloration of one half of the seed by immersion (2 hours, at 40 °C), in a 0.075% tetrazolium solution. This latter procedure is recommended for identifying and discarding lots with lower viability.

scholarly journals Adaptation of the tetrazolium test method for estimating the viability of sorghum seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Cristina de Carvalho ◽  
Camila Ribeiro de Souza Grzybowski ◽  
Osvaldo de Castro Ohlson ◽  
Maristela Panobianco
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Efficient Procedure ◽  
Paper Towels ◽  
Direct Immersion ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

The tetrazolium test is part of internal programs of seed quality control because it allows a quick, reliable and accurate assessment of seed viability. The purpose of this study was to determine, among the various methodologies suggested in the literature, a practical and efficient procedure for carrying out the tetrazolium test in sorghum seeds, with a view toward a rapid estimate of their viability. Four seed lots of the simple hybrid Buster were used, testing two forms of seed pre-conditioning (direct immersion in water and between moistened paper towels); two types of preparation (longitudinal cut of the seed through the embryo with immersion of one of the halves in the tetrazolium solution or placement of the two halves on filter paper moistened with tetrazolium solution); two forms of staining (on paper and with direct immersion in the solution) and three concentrations of tetrazolium solution (0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0%). The tetrazolium test may be efficiently conducted for sorghum seeds through pre-conditioning between paper towels for 18 hours at 20 ºC, with immersion staining of one half of the seed in tetrazolium solution at 0.1% for three hours at 40 ºC.

scholarly journals VIABILIDADE DE SEMENTES DE CASTANHA-DO-BRASIL PELO TESTE DE TETRAZÓLIO

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-343
Author(s):  
Daniela Roberta Borella ◽  
Andréa Carvalho Da Silva ◽  
Júlio Henrique Germano De Souza ◽  
Charles Campoe Martim ◽  
Mariana Pizzatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Paper Towel ◽  
Paper Towels ◽  
Direct Immersion ◽  
Forest Seeds ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Objetivou-se revisar e propor o protocolo de viabilidade das sementes da Bertholletia excelsa pelo teste de tetrazólio. Sementes oriundas de plantio comercial propagado por enxertia com 16 anos de idade implantadas na Fazenda Iracema em Cláudia, MT, foram destegumentadas e cortadas longitudinalmente, depois foram hidratadas em água por imersão direta (ID) e papel toalha Germitest® (PG) por 24 e 48 h e embebidas nas concentrações de 0,1 e 0,5% do sal de tetrazólio por 12 e 24 h no escuro à 30 °C. O delineamento experimental foi completamente randomizado em fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 (forma de embebição x tempo em embebição x tempo em solução de tetrazólio x concentração da solução de tetrazólio) com quatro repetições de 8 sementes. O teste de tetrazólio foi eficiente para colorir e identificar as sementes viáveis e inviáveis. A avaliação da viabilidade das sementes da B. excelsa destegumentadas e partidas ao meio foi melhor na condição de embebição com imersão direta em água por 24 h e concentração de 0,5% do sal tetrazólio por 24 h à 30 °C e embebição em papel toalha Germitest® por 24 h e concentração de 0,5% do sal tetrazólio por 12 h à 30 °C.Palavras-chave: Bertholletia excelsa Humb. Bonpl; potencial fisiológico; sementes florestais; recalcitrância. VIABILITY OF BRAZIL NUTS SEEDS BY TETRAZOLIUM TEST ABSTRACT: The objective was to review and propose the protocol of viability of Bertholletia excelsa seeds by tetrazolium test. Seeds from the commercial planting propagated by grafting with 16-year-old implanted at Fazenda Iracema in Cláudia, MT, were undegumented and cut longitudinally, then hydrated in water by direct immersion (ID) and Germitest® paper towel (PG) for 24 and 48 h and soaked in concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% of tetrazolium salt for 12 and 24 h in the dark at 30 ° C. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 (soaking form x soaking time x time in tetrazolium solution x tetrazolium solution concentration) with four replications of 8 seeds. The tetrazolium test was efficient to color and identify viable and unviable seeds. The evaluation of viability of detegumented and cut longitudinally B. excelsa seeds was better in: direct soaking in water for 24 h and concentration of 0.5% of tetrazolium salt for 24 h at 30 ° C and soaking in Germitest® paper towels for 24 h and a concentration of 0.5% of the tetrazolium salt for 12 h at 30 ° C.Keywords: Bertholletia excelsa Humb. Bonpl; physiological potential; forest seeds; recalcitrance.

scholarly journals Viability of Carica papaya L. Seeds by the Tetrazolium Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. C. Carvalho ◽  
Salvador B. Torres ◽  
Erivanessa C. Sousa ◽  
Danielle M. M. Sousa ◽  
Kleane T. O. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Germination test for papaya seeds demands thirty days to obtain the results, which is a long period for decision-making. Thus, rapid tests become essential tools to evaluate seed viability, and the tetrazolium test is an alternative for this purpose. Hence, this study aimed to establish the adequate procedure to apply this test, in order to reduce the time of evaluation of papaya seeds. For that, four tetrazolium solution concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1%) and three staining times (3, 6 and 9 hours) were tested at temperatures of 35 and 40 ºC. The experimental design was completely randomized in 4 × 3 + 1 factorial scheme (concentrations × staining times + one control = germination test). It was found that the tetrazolium test allows to evaluate the physiological quality of papaya seeds, thus reducing the time for decision-making. For the test, we recommend using the concentrations of 0.1% for 9 hours or 1% for 6 hours of staining, at temperature of 40 ºC.

scholarly journals Methodology of the tetrazolium test for assessing the viability of seeds of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam., Eugenia uniflora L. and Eugenia pyriformis Cambess

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmir Vicente Lamarca ◽  
Claudio José Barbedo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. ("grumixameira"), Eugenia uniflora L. ("pitangueira") and Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. ("uvaieira") are forest and fruit species of pharmacological and gastronomic potential and have desiccation-sensitive seeds. The development of quick viability tests for the assessment of physiological quality of these seeds is needed. The tetrazolium test is an important method providing fast assessment of the seed physiological quality. Thus, this work aimed to develop a method for the tetrazolium test for determining viability of "grumixameira," "pitangueira" and "uvaieira" seeds. Initially the seeds of these species were soaked in water for 3 h at 25 ºC. Three concentrations of tetrazolium solutions were analyzed (0.100 %, 0.125 % and 0.250 %) for seed staining using three incubation periods (2, 3 and 6 h) at 35 ºC in the dark. After staining, seed viability was determined. Then, the seeds were subjected to different levels of controlled drying and were analyzed for their physiological quality by germination and electrical conductivity tests. The tetrazolium test is a suitable tool for determining viability after staining the seeds at 35 ºC using a 0.250 % concentration solution for 3 hours for "grumixameira" seeds, 0.125 % for 3 hours for "pitangueira" seeds and 0.100 % for 2 hours for "uvaieira" seeds.

scholarly journals Criteria for implementation of a tetrazolium test in canola seeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Faber Flores ◽  
Camila Ribeiro de Souza Grzybowski ◽  
Kelly Pazolini ◽  
Jean Carlo Possenti ◽  
Maristela Panobianco
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Canola is an oilseed winter plant, constituting an alternative to crop rotation. It presents socioeconomic value for the production of vegetable oil for human consumption, biodiesel and animal food formulation. The evaluation of canola seed viability is routinely performed by germination test, which can be extended for up to 14 days if it is necessary to overcome dormancy. The objective of this study was to establish criteria for conducting a tetrazolium test in canola seeds, determining viability groups. Four lots of seed were used, placed between soaked paper to hydrate for 16 hours at 20 °C. In the coloration step, after preliminary tests, the following combinations of tetrazolium salt concentration, temperature and incubation period were tested: 0.5 and 1.0% at 30 °C; 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0% at 40 °C for two, four and six hours. It was concluded that the evaluation of viability of canola seeds by the tetrazolium test is effective upon hydration of the seeds between papers for 16 hours at 20 °C, coloration by immersion in 0.5% tetrazolium solution for six hours, at 40 °C and two viability groups were established and illustrated.

scholarly journals Viability of recently harvested and stored Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Socolowski ◽  
Silvio Moure Cicero ◽  
Daniela Cristine Mascia Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Restoration Ecology ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Xylopia aromatica is a native species from Brazil's "Cerrado", recommended for restoration ecology and also as a medicine. Its seeds have embryos with morphophysiological dormancy, making nursery propagation difficult. The objective of this study was to verify the efficiency of X-ray and tetrazolium tests for evaluating the viability of three seed lots, stored for different periods. All seeds were X-rayed (13 kV, 350 seconds) and samples used for tetrazolium and germination tests. In the tetrazolium test, seeds were submitted to six treatments at two temperatures (25 and 30 °C) with imbibition in distilled water and immersion in three concentrations of tetrazolium solution (0.5, 0.75 and 1%) at the two imbibition temperatures. Seeds for the germination test were placed for imbibition in distilled water and a 500 ppm Promalin® (6-Benzyladenine + GA4 + GA7) solution and later sown in sterilized sand. The embryo could not be observed with the X-ray test. However, those seeds observed with an undamaged endosperm did not differ in the percentages of seeds with firm and stained endosperms observed in the tetrazolium test for all the lots. The tetrazolium test is efficient for evaluating seed viability, principally if imbibed at 30 °C and immersed in a 0.5% solution at 30 °C.

scholarly journals Tetrazolium test for assessment of seed viability of atemoya (Annona cherimola Mill. x A. squamosa L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Iassia Gimenez ◽  
Gisela Ferreira ◽  
Claudio Cavariani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Annona Cherimola ◽  
The Family ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

The study aimed to adapt the tetrazolium test to assess the viability of atemoya (Annona cherimola Mill. x A. squamosa L.) seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized in 3 x 3 factorial arrangement (tetrazolium salt concentrations x exposure times), totaling 9 treatments with four replicates of 25 seeds. After immersion in water for 24 hours, the seeds were longitudinally sectioned and exposed to three tetrazolium salt concentrations (0.05%, 0.5% and 1%) for three periods of time (2, 4 and 6 hours). The evaluations were performed according to pre-established criteria of tissue integrity and staining. The germination test was performed, using the GA 4+7 + N-(fenilmetil)-aminopurina regulators at concentrations of 0 and 300 mg.L-1, because dormancy is observed in species of the family Annonaceae. Tetrazolium salt at 1% yielded the highest percentage of viable seeds within the shortest time, while longer exposure times were necessary with concentrations of 0.05% and 0.5%. It can be concluded that the concentration of 1% of tetrazolium salt for two hours of exposure is more appropriate for assessing the viability of atemoya seeds.

Can the Tetrazolium Test be Used as an Alternative to the Germination Test in Determining Seed Viability of Grass Species?

Crop Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 707-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa N. Soares ◽  
Sabry G. Elias ◽  
Gizele I. Gadotti ◽  
Adriel E. Garay ◽  
Francisco A. Villela
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

scholarly journals Rapid results of peach palm seed viability: a methodological proposition for the tetrazolium test

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreza Cerioni Belniaki ◽  
Thomas Bruno Michelon ◽  
Elisa Serra Negra Vieira ◽  
Maristela Panobianco
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Bactris Gasipaes ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Half Seed ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

ABSTRACT: Prior to commercialization, seeds of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) have to undergo the germination test, whose well-established methodology takes 120 days. Due to their recalcitrant behavior, the seeds have short longevity when stored (around 30-45 days), which makes it challenging to select the most viable ones for marketing. This study aimed to determine a methodology for the tetrazolium test to be carried out in peach palm seeds, in order to fast deliver results that can be correlated to the germination test. Different forms of pre-conditioning, preparation, and staining were investigated via moisture content, germination, and tetrazolium tests, so as to define the vital parts of the seed and sort out the viability classes. For the seed lot under study, the tetrazolium test delivered results supported by the germination test when the following procedures were adopted: pre-conditioning by water submersion (20 °C for 24 h), longitudinal cut adjacent to the embryo, and half-seed immersion (embryo + endosperm) in a 1.0% tetrazolium solution for 4 h at 30 °C. Having fulfilled these criteria, it became possible to separate the peach palm seeds into two classes (viable or non-viable).

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