scholarly journals GUT MICROBIOTA, PREBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS, AND SYNBIOTICS IN GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER DISEASES: PROCEEDINGS OF A JOINT MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF HEPATOLOGY (SBH), BRAZILIAN NUCLEUS FOR THE STUDY OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND MICROBIOTA (NBEHPM), AND BRAZILIAN FEDERATION OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (FBG)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-398
Author(s):  
Ricardo Correa BARBUTI ◽  
Leonardo Lucca SCHIAVON ◽  
Cláudia P OLIVEIRA ◽  
Mário Reis ALVARES-DA-SILVA ◽  
Lígia Yukie SASSAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Joint Meeting ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea

ABSTRACT Over the last years, there is growing evidence that microorganisms are involved in the maintenance of our health and are related to various diseases, both intestinal and extraintestinal. Changes in the gut microbiota appears to be a key element in the pathogenesis of hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and Clostridium difficile - associated diarrhea. In 2019, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology (SBH) in cooperation with the Brazilian Nucleus for the Study of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota (NBEHPM), and Brazilian Federation of Gastroenterology (FBG) sponsored a joint meeting on gut microbiota and the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in gastrointestinal and liver diseases. This paper summarizes the proceedings of the aforementioned meeting. It is intended to provide practical information about this topic, addressing the latest discoveries and indicating areas for future studies.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori infection and fatty liver

2020 ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
A. S. Sarsenbaevа ◽  
K. A. Ufimtsev ◽  
E. V. Domracheva
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Cancer Of The Stomach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Helicobacter pylori infection is widespread worldwide. It plays a signifi cant role in the pathogenesis of many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as peptic ulcer, atrophic gastritis, and cancer of the stomach. Recently, a large number of works have appeared that indicate the association of Helicobacter pylori infection with extragastric diseases. Liver diseases, and especially fatty liver disease, are also widespread and actively studied. The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been the subject of many studies, but there is still insufficient evidence to make it clear.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Liver Interaction through Immune System Cross-Talk: A Comprehensive Review at the Time of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emidio Scarpellini ◽  
Sharmila Fagoonee ◽  
Emanuele Rinninella ◽  
Carlo Rasetti ◽  
Isabella Aquila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
System Response ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Systemic Immunity ◽  
Immune Mediated

Background and aims: The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem containing bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeasts and other single-celled organisms. It is involved in the development and maintenance of both innate and systemic immunity of the body. Emerging evidence has shown its role in liver diseases through the immune system cross-talk. We review herein literature data regarding the triangular interaction between gut microbiota, immune system and liver in health and disease. Methods: We conducted a search on the main medical databases for original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials and case series using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: gut microbiota, microbiome, gut virome, immunity, gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma. Results: The gut microbiota consists of microorganisms that educate our systemic immunity through GALT and non-GALT interactions. The latter maintain health but are also involved in the pathophysiology and in the outcome of several liver diseases, particularly those with metabolic, toxic or immune-mediated etiology. In this context, gut virome has an emerging role in liver diseases and needs to be further investigated, especially due to the link reported between severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and hepatic dysfunctions. Conclusions: Changes in gut microbiota composition and alterations in the immune system response are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic and immune-mediated liver diseases.

scholarly journals Gut-Liver Axis, Gut Microbiota, and Its Modulation in the Management of Liver Diseases: A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Milosevic ◽  
Ankica Vujovic ◽  
Aleksandra Barac ◽  
Marina Djelic ◽  
Milos Korac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms

The rapid scientific interest in gut microbiota (GM) has coincided with a global increase in the prevalence of infectious and non-infectivous liver diseases. GM, which is also called “the new virtual metabolic organ”, makes axis with a number of extraintestinal organs, such as kidneys, brain, cardiovascular, and the bone system. The gut-liver axis has attracted greater attention in recent years. GM communication is bi-directional and involves endocrine and immunological mechanisms. In this way, gut-dysbiosis and composition of “ancient” microbiota could be linked to pathogenesis of numerous chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), development of liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this paper, we discuss the current evidence supporting a GM role in the management of different chronic liver diseases and potential new therapeutic GM targets, like fecal transplantation, antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics. We conclude that population-level shifts in GM could play a regulatory role in the gut-liver axis and, consequently, etiopathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. This could have a positive impact on future therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota in Liver Disease: What Do We Know and What Do We Not Know?

Physiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Jiang ◽  
Bernd Schnabl
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The gut and the liver have a bidirectional communication via the biliary system and the portal vein. The intestinal microbiota and microbial products play an important role for modulating liver diseases such as alcohol-associated liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis, and cholestatic liver diseases. Here, we review the role of the gut microbiota and its products for the pathogenesis and therapy of chronic liver diseases.

Phytosterols and Triterpenoids for Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic-related Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Sánchez-Crisóstomo ◽  
Eduardo Fernández-Martínez ◽  
Raquel Cariño-Cortés ◽  
Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera ◽  
Rosa A. Bobadilla-Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Steroid Nucleus ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Background: Liver ailments are among the leading causes of death; they originate from viral infections, chronic alcoholism, and autoimmune illnesses, which may chronically be precursors of cirrhosis; furthermore, metabolic syndrome may worsen those hepatopathies or cause Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) that may advance to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cirrhosis is the late-stage liver disease and can proceed to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pharmacological treatment options for liver diseases, cirrhosis, and HCC, are limited, expensive, and not wholly effective. The use of medicinal herbs and functional foods is growing around the world as natural resources of bioactive compounds that would set the basis for the development of new drugs. Review and Conclusion: Plant and food-derived sterols and triterpenoids (TTP) possess antioxidant, metabolic-regulating, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as they are recognized as anticancer agents, suggesting their application strongly as an alternative therapy in some chronic diseases. Thus, it is interesting to review current reports about them as hepatoprotective agents, but also because they structurally resemble cholesterol, sexual hormones, corticosteroids and bile acids due to the presence of the steroid nucleus, so they all can share pharmacological properties through activating nuclear and membrane receptors. Therefore, sterols and TTP appear as a feasible option for the prevention and treatment of chronic metabolic-related liver diseases, cirrhosis, and HCC.

scholarly journals Probiotics and Prebiotics as a Strategy for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, a Narrative Review

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1719
Author(s):  
Valentina Castillo ◽  
Fernanda Figueroa ◽  
Karoll González-Pizarro ◽  
Paz Jopia ◽  
Claudia Ibacache-Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic non-communicable disease, with a prevalence of 25% worldwide. This pathology is a multifactorial illness, and is associated with different risks factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Beside these predisposing features, NAFLD has been related to changes in the microbiota, which favor the disease progression. In this context, the modulation of the gut microbiota has emerged as a new therapeutic target for the prophylaxis and treatment of NAFLD. This review describes the changes in the gut microbiota associated with NAFLD and the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the gut microbiota, liver damage, anthropometric parameters, blood lipids, inflammation markers and insulin resistance in these patients.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and NAFLD: Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Microbiota Signatures, and Therapeutic Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Tomas Hrncir ◽  
Lucia Hrncirova ◽  
Miloslav Kverka ◽  
Robert Hromadka ◽  
Vladimira Machova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Its worldwide prevalence is rapidly increasing and is currently estimated at 24%. NAFLD is highly associated with many features of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and not fully understood, but there is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota is strongly implicated in the development of NAFLD. In this review, we discuss the major factors that induce dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and disrupt intestinal permeability, as well as possible mechanisms leading to the development of NAFLD. We also discuss the most consistent NAFLD-associated gut microbiota signatures and immunological mechanisms involved in maintaining the gut barrier and liver tolerance to gut-derived factors. Gut-derived factors, including microbial, dietary, and host-derived factors involved in NAFLD pathogenesis, are discussed in detail. Finally, we review currently available diagnostic and prognostic methods, summarise latest knowledge on promising microbiota-based biomarkers, and discuss therapeutic strategies to manipulate the microbiota, including faecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics and prebiotics, deletions of individual strains with bacteriophages, and blocking the production of harmful metabolites.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Liver Cirrhosis Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Na Young Lee ◽  
Ki Tae Suk
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

Liver cirrhosis is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. In addition to viral hepatitis, diseases such as steatohepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, sclerosing cholangitis and Wilson’s disease can also lead to cirrhosis. Moreover, alcohol can cause cirrhosis on its own and exacerbate chronic liver disease of other causes. The treatment of cirrhosis can be divided into addressing the cause of cirrhosis and reversing liver fibrosis. To this date, there is still no clear consensus on the treatment of cirrhosis. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in potential treatments that modulate the gut microbiota and gut-liver axis for the treatment of cirrhosis. According to recent studies, modulation of the gut microbiome by probiotics ameliorates the progression of liver disease. The precise mechanism for relieving cirrhosis via gut microbial modulation has not been identified. This paper summarizes the role and effects of the gut microbiome in cirrhosis based on experimental and clinical studies on absorbable antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Moreover, it provides evidence of a relationship between the gut microbiome and liver fibrosis.

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