scholarly journals Dynamics of some limnological characteristics in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) culture tanks as function of handling

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. SIPAÚBA-TAVARES ◽  
M. A. G. de MORAES ◽  
F. M . de S. BRAGA
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Water Residence Time ◽  
Piaractus Mesopotamicus ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fish Tanks

In order to study the water quality in fish tanks, a 166-day (January to July 1992) experiment was realized using the indigenous species "pacu" (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Two different protein levels were tested in the diet (16% and 34% crude protein) and three stocking densities (0.25, 0.50 and 0.77 fish/m²). From the results, it was observed that the interactions between stocking density and experiment length affected the characteristics bicarbonate and alkalinity, as well as the interaction between stocking density and protein levels affected concentrations of free and total CO2, conductivity and pH (P < 0.05). The water temperature in tanks changed significantly during the period of study (P < 0.05),decreasing gradually from summer to winter. There was no significant difference in water residence time in the tanks (P < 0.05) during the experiment. The other limnological characteristics were not affected by treatments during study period.

scholarly journals Effect of Stocking Density on Growth Performance and the Survival of Golden Mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton) Fry

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Md. Golam Sajed Riar ◽  
Nur- A Raushon ◽  
Sumit Kumer Paul
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Tor Putitora

Growth performance and survival of Tor putitora fry under different stocking densities were evaluated fry rearing system. The experimental period was 10 weeks from 31 December to 10 March 2019. The experiment was carried out in nine earthen ponds of 0.04 ha each under three treatments with three replications.  Thirty days old fry were stocked at the rate of 1.0X105/ha was designated as treatment- 1 (T1), 1.5X105/ha` as treatment- 2 (T2) and 2.0X105/ha as treatment- 3 (T3), respectively. Fry were fed with commercially available nursery feed containing 32% crude protein. It was observed that, lower stocking density showed highest daily weight gain in T1 (growth 0.066 ± 0.006 g/day) compared with higher stocking density in T2 (growth 0.044 ± 0.004 g/day) and T3 (growth 0.024 ± 0.003 g/day), respectively. It is also noticed that, the lower stocking showed the highest survival rate (79.66 ± 4.34 %) than the other two treatments (66.97±3.67 and 54.67± 3.12 %). The values of different water quality parameters were within the optimum ranges for the rearing of carp fry. Water quality parameters did not show significant variations in the experimental ponds under different stocking densities. Among these three stocking densities lower stocking density (T1) showed the best result compare with the other two higher stocking densities.

scholarly journals Plant protein-based diets can replace a fish meal-based diet for sustainable growth and body composition of zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toluwalase Anthony Aiyelari ◽  
Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThis 3 × 2 factorial study involving three diets at two stocking densities tested the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) with either soybean meal (SBM) or rapeseed meal (RSM) in diets on growth and body composition of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish were fed three times daily for eight weeks. Morphometric and water quality parameters were also determined. The survival rate of the fish ranged from 95.2 - 97.8%. The water quality remained within the acceptable limits for tropical aquaculture. The stocking density did not show any significant difference (p>0.05) for the length and weight of the fish. The length, weight and condition factors were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the fish fed FM based diet. The fish length and weight related well (R2) across the diets but this was more significant for RSM than those fed the other two diets. The weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein intake (PI) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the fish fed the FM based diet than the other diets. No significant differences observed (p>0.05) in the specific growth rate (SGR), food intake (FI) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) among the fish fed the three diets. The crude protein CP, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and ash contents of these fish did not differ significantly (p>0.05). However, the ether extract (EE) of the fish fed SBM diet was significantly lower (p<0.05 than the other two diets. It appears that both SBM and RSM as sustainable source to partially FM in the diets of zebrafish and similar fish species.

Effects of Different Stocking Densities on Growth, Serum Steroid Hormone Concentrations, Gonadosomatic Index and Sex Reversal in the Rice Field Eel, Monopterus albus (Zuiew)

2011 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
Han Wen Yuan ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Qiao Qing Xu ◽  
Shi Yuan Gong ◽  
Zhang Jie Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Monopterus Albus ◽  
Rice Field Eel ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of stocking density on various growth parameters and sex reversal in the rice field eel (Monopterus albus) were investigated by evaluating steroid hormone, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and sex ratio. Fish (mean initial weight of 9.88 ± 0.70 g) were stocked to densities of 4, 20, 36, 52, 68, 84 or 100 fish/m2 in cages (2 m × 1 m × 1.5 m) in a pond, with five replicate cages for each density. Fish were fed for 420 days on a formulated isocaloric diet containing 40.22% crude protein and 12.86 MJ/kg. Serum E2 and T concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassays. There were no significant differences in final bodyweight (FBW) and daily weight gain (DWG) for fish in the groups containing less than 52 fish/m2, while FBW and DWG were significant lower in groups at 68 fish/m2 or more. Specific growth rate (SGR) differed significantly between the 84 and 100 fish/m2 groups compared with the 4, 20 and 36 fish/m2 groups. There was no significant difference in SGR in groups containing less than 84 fish/m2. There were no significant difference between the 4 and 20 fish/m2 groups in net yield (NY), but these groups did differ significantly from the other groups. The final condition factors of fish stocked at 84 or 100 fish/m2 were significantly lower than fish stocked at the other densities. E2 and T hormone concentrations declined as stocking density increased, while GSI values increased initially but then reduced with increasing stocking density. Female ratio and survival decreased with increasing stocking density. The proportion of male fish was significantly greater in the three highest stocking density groups. Therefore, high stocking density may promote sex change from female to male in M. albus.

scholarly journals PROTEIN REQUIREMENT FOR INITIAL REARING PHASE OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP IN A BIOFLOC SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. e653
Author(s):  
Fernanda Morais HENRIQUES ◽  
Ariane Martins GUIMARÃES ◽  
Carlos Andrés DÍAZ ◽  
Débora Machado FRACALOSSI ◽  
Edemar Roberto ANDREATTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Final Weight

This study evaluated the protein requirement of Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae during the initial rearing phase in a biofloc system. Five different diets were evaluated with increasing concentrations of crude protein: 31.28, 36.29, 41.57, 46.34, and 51.74 g 100 g-1 CP. Post-larvae (0.16 ± 0.01 g) were stocked at a density of 450 PL m-3 in 400 L tanks. Water quality parameters were maintained within the limits recommended for shrimp farming. After 38 days, a regression analysis revealed that levels of CP content (65.29 – 72.83%), EE (10.45 – 11.65%) and body N (10.45 – 11.64%) increased with increasing protein levels in the diet. A similar trend was observed in the biofloc sludge with respect to CP and N. Survival exceeded 80%, and the shrimp with diets containing 31.28 to 46.34g 100 g-1 CP presented an increase in final weight (1.52 – 2.61 g), productivity (0.69 – 1.10 Kg m-3), weight gain (1.38 – 2.44 g), and feeding efficiency (77.28 – 101.68%), whereas these indices decreased to51.74 g 100 g-1 CP. Crude protein content from 44.26 to 47.12 g 100 g-1 provided the best growth performance during the initial rearing phase of Pacific white shrimp in a biofloc system.

scholarly journals Water quality, growth and production performance of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) in cemented tanks with two different stocking densities

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Dulon Roy ◽  
Abdullah Al Masud ◽  
Pritam Kumar Saha ◽  
MM Kutubuddin ◽  
Md Muzahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
Tank Culture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
T1 And T2

Attempt has been taken to develop intensive tank culture technique providing natural environment for Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) inside tank to increase survival rate as well as production. The experiment was conducted for a period of 150 days in two tanks (T1 and T2) of 300 m2. Fish fries with a mean weight and length ranged from 1.02 to 2.2 g and 2.7 to 3.5 cm were stocked in T1 and T2, respectively. Stocking density of fingerlings were 1, 25,000 and 1, 50,000 per Ha in T1 and T2, respectively. Commercial pelleted feed was supplied to tank reared fish twice daily at a rate of 3-10% of body weight per day and later feeding rate was adjusted based on body weight by sampling. Important water quality parameters (temperature, DO, pH, transparency, ammonia and nitrate) were recorded weekly throughout the culture period. Survival rate was 87% and 84% in T1 and T2, respectively. Mean final weight were 41.73 ± 2.09g and 40.6 ± 0.90 g in T1 and T2, respectively. Length-weight relationship indicates that the growth rate was always higher in T1 followed by T2. Results showed that net yield was relatively higher in T2 (5115.35 ± 113.13 Kg/ha) than T1 (4537.12 ± 227.4 Kg/ha). In case of production, there was significant difference (p < 0.05) between two treatments. This experiment demonstrated the potential of H. fossilis production through new technique of tank culture system. However, more research is needed using local feed ingredients with higher stocking density. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 107-119, 2019

scholarly journals Effect of Different Dietary Protein Levels on Survival Rate and Growth Per-formance of Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Abdalbast H. Fadel ◽  
Awad J. Lamin ◽  
Randa Rajab Ali ◽  
Karema A. Momen
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Guppy Fish ◽  
Density Rate

This study was carried out to evaluate the growth response of guppy Poecilia reticulata to different dietary protein levels. A total of 72 fry of guppy fish of an initial body weight 0.365± 0.01g were distributed randomly into 60 L aquaria at the density rate of 0.05 g/L. Fish were fed to satiation twice daily for eight weeks with diets containing different dietary protein levels (20%, 30%, or 40%.). The survival rate of guppy was unaffected by increasing dietary protein levels. At the end of the experiment, weight gains (g) ranging from 1.93 to 3.55 were obtained corresponding to 20% and 40% crude protein respectively. The growth performance and feeding efficiencies were significantly improved (P < 0.05) by increasing dietary protein levels. However, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in the specific growth rate of fish that were fed 20% and 30% dietary protein levels. The value of the condition factor was significantly high in fish fed at 40% dietary protein. It can be concluded that a 40% dietary protein level is recommended for guppy fish.

scholarly journals CONDITION FACTOR OF NILE TILAPIA, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUSFRY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN LEVELS IN A BIOFLOC SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Wilfred O. Zablon ◽  
◽  
Albert Getabu ◽  
Erick O. Ogello ◽  
Job O. Omweno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Protein

The study was conducted at Kenya Marine Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), Sangoro Station, Kenya to compare the growth perfomance of Oreochromis niloticusfry under different protein levels in a biofloc system using weight-length regression models and Fulton`s condition factor (K). Fry of initial mean weight 0.07 ± 0.03 g and length 1.30 ± 0.24 cm were randomly stocked in 18 aquarium tanks with capacity of 50 litres at stocking density of one fish Litre-1. The experiment was set in a greenhouse under controlled temperature and dissolved oxygen conditions using aerators and thermostat heaters. The biofloc used glucose and molasses as carbon sources which were assigned at 22%, 27% and 35% crude protein levels randomly to the aquaria. The fish were fed on their daily ration twice a day at 5% body weight for 14 weeks. Physicochemical parameters were recorded daily using a multiparameter meter and water samples collected before fish sampling for nutrient analysis. A sample of 30 fish per tank were used for taking body weight and total length measurements using an electronic balance and a measuring board respectively. Fry in all treatments exhibited allometric growth with b coefficient varying between 2.54 and 2.66. Average Fultons condition factor ranged between 1.77-1.84 with no significant difference (P>0.05)among the protein levels and the bioflocs. The condition factor showed both carbon sources were suitable for use in the biofloc system and hence replacement of higher protein level (35%) with lower protein level (22%) to reduce the production cost is a feasible application of the biofloc system in fish farming.

scholarly journals Nursery I: The effect of stocking density on the performance of glass eels, Anguilla bicolor in the biofloc system

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Purnama Sukardi ◽  
Norman Ari Prayogo ◽  
Tjahyo Winanto ◽  
Asrul Sahri Siregar ◽  
Taufan Harisam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Glass Eels

Glass eels of Anguilla bicolor is an expensive and still abundant commodity in Laguna Segara Anakan, Central Java, Indonesia. However, the growth of glass eels to elver is still a problem because of high mortality in nursery I and II. The objective of the study was to evaluate the result of stocking density on the performance of glass eels in the biofloc system during nursery I. Glass eels were stocked at densities of 54.95, 109.89 and 164.84 fish/m3, respectively, with three replicate ponds for each density. Eels were fed a formulated pasta-diet containing 40% crude protein and , 4% crude lipid, 5% crude fiber, 11.5% ash and 12% moisture, respectively. The water quality were maintained at levels of for fish culture througout the experiements: water temperature was 27.1°C (ranged from 26.3 to 28.2°C), pH (7.6, ranged from 6.8 to 7.8) and DO (7.2 mg.L-1, ranged 6.9 to 7.5 mg.L-1). The results showed that the stocking density did not significantly affect the final weight, weight gain, AGR, SGR, FCR and survival, however this had a significant effect on the yield. The biofloc system was suitable for raising glass eels.

Protein and caloric content of lodge pole pine needles

1968 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Boag ◽  
J. W. Kiceniuk
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A Site

The level of crude protein and the caloric content of the needles of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) were investigated. Crude protein levels averaged 4.52 per cent of air-dry weight. No significant difference could be demonstrated in protein levels between samples taken,1) in May and November2) at 6,300 and 5,700 feet altitude, and3) from old and young trees growing on the same site.No evidence of changed protein levels was found in samples taken from trees growing on a site burned intensively 20 years previously. Caloric content of lodgepole pine needles averaged 4,973 calories per gram. Caloric values did not differ significantly between trees growing on the same and different sites.

scholarly journals Bicultivo de cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus y tilapia nilótica Oreochromis niloticus en biofloc alimentadas con dietas de origen vegetal

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Benicio Brú-Cordero ◽  
Vicente Pertúz-Buelvas ◽  
Julia Ayazo-Genes ◽  
Victor Julio Atencio-García ◽  
Sandra Pardo-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Tilapia Nilotica ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proximal Analysis ◽  
Quality Production

The productive performance of cachama and nile tilapia reared in biofloc and fed diets of vegetal origin was evaluated. In 1000L tanks with permanent aeration, were placed80 fish/m3, in a ratio 1:1 (cachama : tilapia); fish were fed with three levels of crude protein (CP): 16% (T16), 24% (T24) and 32% (T32) for 120 days. Parameters of growth, yield, water quality, production costs and proximal analysis of the flocs were estimated. Dissolved oxygen showed saturation above 100% and nitrogen compounds (NO2 = 0.4-0.5 mg/l, NO3 = 0.4-0.5 mg/l, NH3 = 0.2-0.3 mg/l, TAN = 2.2-2.4 mg/l)showed no statistical difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The final weight of the cachama (173.5-196.2 g) were between two and four times those obtained by tilapia(43.0-87.9 g). The tilapia recorded a better daily gain of weight in T24 (0.7 g/day); while the cachama ranged between 1.2-1.3 g/day, with no significant difference between these values (P > 0.05). The best bi-culture yield was obtained in T24 diet (11.4 ± 1.3 kg/m3), which also recorded the lowest FCA (0.9 ± 0.3). To produce one kilogram of fish cost between COP$3.148 (T24) and COP$4.445 (T32); of which the food represented between 49.2% (T16) and 63.3% (T32) and energy between 10.3% (T32) and 14.2%(T16) of total costs. Proximal analysis of the flocs recorded crude protein levels suitable(29-36% PB) for cachama and tilapia; but with low lipid levels (< 1.0%). The productive performance and the production costs allow to suggest the viability of the biofloc system for the production of fish meat with 24% CP diet of vegetal origin.

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