scholarly journals Health financing changes in the context of health care decentralization: the case of three Latin American countries

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Arredondo ◽  
Irene Parada
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Latin American Countries

OBJECTIVE: The results of an evaluative longitudinal study, which identified the effects of health care decentralization on health financing in Mexico, Nicaragua and Peru are presented in this article. METHODS: The methodology had two main phases. In the first, secondary sources of data and documents were analyzed with the following variables: type of decentralization implemented, source of financing, funds for financing, providers, final use of resources, mechanisms for resource allocation. In the second phase, primary data were collected by a survey of key personnel in the health sector. RESULTS: Results of the comparative analysis are presented, showing the changes implemented in the three countries, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each country in matters of financing and decentralization. CONCLUSIONS: The main financing changes implemented and quantitative trends with respect to the five financing indicators are presented as a methodological tool to implement corrections and adjustments in health financing.

The Korean Wave Hallyu in Looking at Escapism in Peruvian Society

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusta Carranza Ko ◽  
Jeong-Nam Kim ◽  
Song I. No ◽  
Ronald Gobbi Simoes
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Korean Wave ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract Overcoming geographic, cultural, and linguistic differences, the second phase of the Korean wave Hallyu made its mark in Latin America. From the results of the field research conducted in two Latin American countries Brazil and Peru during the summer of 2012, this study examines the effects of the second wave of Hallyu on Peruvian society. In doing so, it regards the demographics, education level, and socio-economic status of the Hallyu consumer groups that reflects the situation of inequality and escapism embedded in Peruvian society. The continuous access to a different culture, distinct from that of one’s own reality through a virtual environment of cyberspace may be a reflection of the individual’s own awareness of despair in the reality in which they find themselves, characterized by inequality and a cyclical nature of class differences.

The Labor Judge Unleashed: Rule of Law and Labor Rights in “Neoliberal” Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (04) ◽  
pp. 1574-1603
Author(s):  
César F. Rosado Marzán
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Class Power ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Power Class

Hoping to improve labor justice, some Latin American countries have reformed their labor courts without necessarily buttressing working-class power. Class power theories make us skeptical of these state-centric strategies for labor rights. Will the “rule-of-law” reforms work? This article reports ethnographic evidence collected by the author in the Chilean labor courts during 2009–2010, and secondary sources. It compares contemporary labor courts, reformed but in an otherwise “neoliberal” context, with the unreformed labor courts of the “socialist” years (1970–1972) to gauge the efficacy of rule-of-law reforms. Results show that despite the neoliberal context, the labor courts were more responsive to workers' claims than under socialism. Rule of law and procedural rules matter for effective labor rights.

scholarly journals Ten best resources for conducting financing and benefit incidence analysis in resource-poor settings

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Wiseman ◽  
Augustine Asante ◽  
Jennifer Price ◽  
Andrew Hayen ◽  
Wayne Irava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Benefit Incidence Analysis ◽  
Incidence Analysis

Abstract Many low- and middle-income countries are seeking to reform their health financing systems to move towards universal coverage. This typically means that financing is based on people’s ability to pay while, for service use, benefits are based on the need for health care. Financing incidence analysis (FIA) and benefit incidence analysis (BIA) are two popular tools used to assess equity in health systems financing and service use. FIA studies examine who pays for the health sector and how these contributions are distributed according to socioeconomic status (SES). BIA determines who benefits from health care spending, with recipients ranked by their relative SES. In this article, we identify 10 resources to assist researchers and policy makers seeking to undertake or interpret findings from financing and benefit incidence analyses in the health sector. The article pays particular attention to the data requirements, computations, methodological challenges and country level experiences with these types of analyses.

scholarly journals Health and Economic Impact of Health Warnings and Plain Tobacco Packaging in Seven Latin American Countries: Results of a Simulation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2032-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Alcaraz ◽  
Akram Hernández-Vásquez ◽  
Alfredo Palacios ◽  
Belén Rodríguez ◽  
Javier Roberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Latin American ◽  
World Health ◽  
Microsimulation Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract Introduction The burden of disease attributable to tobacco use in Latin America is very high. Our objective was to evaluate the 10-year potential impact of current legislation related to cigarette packaging and warnings and expected effects of moving to a higher level of strategies implementing cigarette plain packaging on health and cost outcomes in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, using a microsimulation model. Aims and Methods We used a probabilistic state-transition microsimulation model, considering natural history, costs, and quality of life losses associated with main tobacco-related diseases. We followed up individuals in hypothetical cohorts and calculated health outcomes annually to obtain aggregated long-term population health outcomes and costs. We performed a literature review to estimate effects and analyzed studies and information from ministries, relevant organizations, and national surveys. We calibrated the model comparing the predicted disease-specific mortality rates with local statistics. Results Current graphic warnings already in place in each country could avert, during 10 years, 69 369 deaths and 638 295 disease events, adding 1.2 million years of healthy life and saving USD 5.3 billion in the seven countries. If these countries implemented plain packaging strategies, additional 155 857 premature deaths and 4 133 858 events could be averted, adding 4.1 million healthy years of life and saving USD 13.6 billion in direct health care expenses of diseases attributable to smoking. Conclusions Latin American countries should not delay the implementation of this strategy that will alleviate part of the enormous health and financial burden that tobacco poses on their economies and health care systems. Implications Tobacco smoking is the single most preventable and premature mortality cause in the world. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, supported by the World Health Organization, introduced a package of evidence-based measures for tobacco control. This study adds evidence on the potential health effects and savings of implementing cigarette plain packaging in countries representing almost 80% of the Latin American population; findings are valuable resources for policy makers in the region.

scholarly journals Evidence on equity, governance and financing after health care reform in Mexico: lessons for Latin American countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Arredondo ◽  
Emanuel Orozco ◽  
Raúl Aviles
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Care Reform ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Resources Allocation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Evaluative Research ◽  
Latin American Countries

This article includes evidence on equity, governance and health financing outcomes of the Mexican health system. An evaluative research with a cross-sectional design was oriented towards the qualitative and quantitative analysis of financing, governance and equity indicators. Taking into account feasibility, as well as political and technical criteria, seven Mexican states were selected as study populations and an evaluative research was conducted during 2002-2010. The data collection techniques were based on in-depth interviews with key personnel (providers, users and community leaders), consensus technique and document analysis. The qualitative analysis was done with ATLAS TI and POLICY MAKER softwares. The Mexican health system reform has modified dependence at the central level; there is a new equity equation for resources allocation, community leaders and users of services reported the need to improve an effective accountability system at both municipal and state levels. Strategies for equity, governance and financing do not have adequate mechanisms to promote participation from all social actors. Improving this situation is a very important goal in the Mexican health democratization process, in the context of health care reform. Inequality on resources allocation in some regions and catastrophic expenditure for users is unequal in all states, producing more negative effects on states with high social marginalization. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the main strengths and weaknesses, as relevant evidences for other Latin American countries which are designing, implementing and evaluating reform strategies in order to achieve equity, good governance and a greater financial protection in health.

Primary Care and Reform of Health Systems: A Framework for the Analysis of Latin American Experiences

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Frenk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Formal Aspect ◽  
Health Care Reforms ◽  
Health Sector Reforms ◽  
Reform Strategies ◽  
Use Of Services

The article first proposes a framework within which to assess the potential of health sector reforms in Latin America for primary health care (PHC). Two dimensions are recognized: the scope of the reforms, content, and the means of participation that are put into play. This framework is then complemented through a critique of the often-sought but little-analyzed PHC reform strategies of decentralization and health sector integration. The analytical framework is next directed to the financing of health services, a chief aspect of any reform aiming toward PHC. Two facets of health service finance are first distinguished: its formal aspect as a means for economic subsistence and growth, and its substantive aspect as a means to promote the rational use of services and thus improvement of health. Once finance is understood in this microeconomic perspective, the focus shifts to the analysis of health care reforms at the macro, health policy level. The article concludes by positing that PHC is in essence a new health care paradigm, oriented by the values of universality, redistribution, integration, plurality, quality, and efficiency.

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