scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: assessment of risk factors

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alice A. Cabrera ◽  
Adelzon A. Paula ◽  
Luis Antonio B. Camacho ◽  
Mauro Célio A. Marzochi ◽  
Samanta C. Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
The City ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Predictor Factors

Barra de Guaratiba is a coastal area of the city of Rio de Janeiro where American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is endemic. Although control measures including killing of dogs and use of insecticides have been applied at this locality, the canine seroprevalence remains at 25% and during 1995 and 1997 eight autochthonous human cases were notified. In order to evaluate factors related to the increase of the risk for Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs we have screened 365 dogs by anti-Leishmania immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and captured sandflies in the domestic and peridomestic environment. Some variables related to the infection were assessed by uni- and multivariate analysis. The distance of the residence from the forest border, its altitude and the presence of the opossum Didelphis marsupialis in the backyard, were found predictor factors for L. (L.) chagasi infection in dogs in Barra de Guaratiba. The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the peridomestic environment indicates the possibility of appearence of new human cases. Our data also suggest the presence of a sylvatic enzootic cycle at this locality.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis: study of methods for the detection of IgG in serum and eluate samples

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano B. Figueiredo ◽  
Maria F. Madeira ◽  
Lílian D. Nascimento ◽  
Tuanne R. Abrantes ◽  
Eliame Mouta-confort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
One Year

The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends the culling and euthanasia of dogs with a positive serological test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). In the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the technique used for the diagnosis of CVL is the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using blood samples eluted on filter paper (eluate). A dog survey was conducted over a period of one year in the region of Carapiá, in order to evaluate the diagnosis of CVL in this region. All animals underwent clinical examination, and blood samples (serum and eluate) were collected for analysis by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and IFAT. A skin biopsy was obtained for parasitological examination (culture). A total of 305 animals were studied and Leishmania chagasi was isolated from nine animals. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 96.6% for ELISA, respectively, 100% and 65.5% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:40 dilution), 100% and 83.4% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:80 dilution), and 22.2% and 97.0% for eluate IFAT. In conclusion, ELISA was the best tool for the diagnosis of CVL among the serological techniques tested. The present results suggest the need for a better evaluation of filter paper IFAT as the only diagnostic method for CVL in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro.

scholarly journals Description of six autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed in Pedregulho (São Paulo, Brazil)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-219
Author(s):  
Cássia Regina de Abreu ◽  
Ana Cláudia Parpinelli ◽  
Romeika Reis de Lima ◽  
Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves Dias ◽  
Lucas de Freitas Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
The City ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

Visceral leishmaniasis is an infectious disease of chronic, emerging and zoonotic nature that presents various degrees of severity. In Brazil, this illness is caused by Leishmania infantum (Leishmania chagasi), which is transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, and dogs are its main reservoir. Given the increasing spread of this disease across Brazil, the aim of this study was to report on six cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis, diagnosed in June 2013, in the city of Pedregulho, State of São Paulo, considered to be a non-endemic area and free of phlebotomine sand flies. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs of the patients and additional tests (serological and parasitological). It was concluded that the diagnosis of leishmaniasis is complex because the clinical signs are similar to other systemic diseases, thus justifying the importance of parasitological test of bone marrow, considered "gold standard", in the confirmation of the disease. In addition, the area was not, until now, considered risk place, despite notification.

scholarly journals Visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects and control

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Celio de Almeida Marzochi ◽  
Aline Fagundes ◽  
Moacir Vieira de Andrade ◽  
Marcos Barbosa de Souza ◽  
Maria de Fátima Madeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Continental Slopes ◽  
Canine Infection ◽  
And Control

From 1977 (index case) to 2006, 87 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were confirmed in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in periurban areas on the continental and coastal slopes of the Pedra Branca massif and the continental slopes of the Gericinó massif. The majority (65.5%) of the patients were more than five years old, predominantly males (61.5%), but without any difference between the sexes below the age of 14 years. The overall fatality rate was 10.4%. Two cases of visceral leishmaniasis/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection were detected. Leishmania chagasi was isolated from human and canine cases. The associations between the presence of phlebotomines and human and canine migrations, disorderly occupation involving degradation of environmental preservation areas and poor socioeconomic conditions may have created a favorable setting for the establishment and propagation of the disease. Close epidemiological surveillance associated with traditional control measures and others (active case researches, land clearing and health education), reduced the incidence of human cases from 2.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1981 to less than 0.01 per 100,000 since 1997. The canine infection rates decreased from 4.6% in 1984 to 1.6% in 2008. Lutzomyia longipalpis was not detected in some locations where human and canine cases occurred. In the years 2007 and 2008, no new human cases were reported, but there is a persistent and worrisome residual canine seroprevalence.

scholarly journals First autochthonous case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Paiva de Campos ◽  
Denise Amaro da Silva ◽  
Maria de Fátima Madeira ◽  
Artur Augusto Mendes Velho Júnior ◽  
Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Autochthonous Case ◽  
Canine Diseases

In Brazil, American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is caused byLeishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and its main vector isLutzomyia longipalpis. Cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in non-endemic areas have been reported over the last few years throughout the country. The objective of this research note is to describe an autochthonous case of CVL that occurred in the municipality of Volta Redonda, state of Rio de Janeiro, an area where the disease is not endemic, alerting veterinarians and the scientific community to the expansion of this important zoonosis and advising veterinary practitioners on how to deal with a suspicion of CVL. Canine visceral leishmaniasis can be misdiagnosed within a broad spectrum of canine diseases based on clinical and laboratory findings. Therefore, knowledge of its clinical manifestations, specific and sensitive laboratory diagnostic tests and parasitological procedures are of the utmost importance for rapid confirmation and notification of a case, thus contributing directly to the control of a focus.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Phlebotominae) and canine visceral leishmaniasis in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Pereira Spada ◽  
Diogo Tiago da Silva ◽  
Kennya Rozy Real Martins ◽  
Lílian Aparecida Colebrusco Rodas ◽  
Maria Luana Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
One Year

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis and also the canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, state of São Paulo. Blood samples were collected from 32 dogs from different rural properties (small farms) and were analyzed by ELISA and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in order to diagnose CVL. From these serological tests, 31.25% of the dogs were positive for CVL and these were distributed in 66.7% (8/12) of the rural properties, which were positive for L. longipalpis. CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) light traps were installed in 12 properties (one per property) and insects were caught on three consecutive days per month for one year. L. longipalpis was present on 100% of the rural properties visited, at least once during the twelve-month interval, totaling 64 males and 25 females. The insects were more numerous after the peak of the rain, but the association between prevalence of peridomestic vectors and the climatic data (precipitation, relative air humidity and temperature) and the occurrences of CVL among dogs on each rural property were not statistical significant (p <0.05). However, the occurrence of CVL cases in dogs and the presence of L. longipalpis indicate that more attention is necessairy for the control of this disease in the rural area studied.

scholarly journals GEOGRAPHICAL EXPANSION OF CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE, BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Amaro da SILVA ◽  
Maria de Fátima MADEIRA ◽  
Fabiano Borges FIGUEIREDO
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Geographical Expansion ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Janeiro State

SUMMARY Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease that affects humans, and domestic and wild animals. It is caused by the protozoan Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (syn = Leishmania chagasi). The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is considered the main reservoir of the etiologic agent of VL in domestic and peridomestic environments. In the past three years, although control actions involving domestic dogs are routinely performed in endemic areas of the Rio de Janeiro State, new cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) have been reported in several municipalities. The objective of this short communication was to describe the geographical expansion of CVL in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, through its reports in the scientific literature and studies performed by our group. From 2010 to 2013, autochthonous and allochthonous cases of CVL were reported in the municipalities of Mangaratiba, Marica, Niteroi, Barra Mansa, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Volta Redonda, Resende and Rio de Janeiro. These reports demonstrate that CVL is in intense geographical expansion around the state; therefore, a joint effort by public agencies, veterinarians and researchers is needed in order to minimize and/or even prevent the dispersion of this disease.

scholarly journals Autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis cases occur in Paraná state since 2012: isolation and identification of Leishmania infantum

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Cristina Ferreira Dias ◽  
Aline Kuhn Sbruzzi Pasquali ◽  
Vanete Thomaz-Soccol ◽  
Eliane Maria Pozzolo ◽  
Luciana Chiyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Collaborative Control ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
The City

Abstract The aim of this study was to confirm the emergence of canine visceral leishmaniasis among dogs in Foz do Iguaçu. The disease was diagnosed through the isolation and molecular identification of Leishmania infantum. In the first sample collection stage (2012), three lymph node aspirates and 46 buffy coat samples were obtained mostly from the dogs that were seroreagents for leishmaniasis. In the second sample collection stage (2013), the buffy coat samples were collected from 376 dogs located close to Paraguay, Paraná river, center and peripheral parts of the city. The DNA from the six isolates, four from the first sampling stage (4/49) and two from the second sampling stage (2/376), was subjected to polymerase chain reaction using the K26F/R primers. The isolate was confirmed as L. infantum by sequencing. As none of the dogs had ever left the city, the isolates were confirmed as autochthonous. Further, the study confirmed the emergence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Paraná through the identification of L. infantum among dogs in Foz do Iguaçu city. Hence, collaborative control measures should be designed and implemented by the public agencies and research institutions of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay to control the spread of visceral leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals PARTICIPATION OF TICKS IN THE INFECTIOUS CYCLE OF CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS, IN TERESINA, PIAUÍ, BRAZIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Henrique Furtado Campos ◽  
Francisco Assis Lima Costa
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
The City ◽  
Infectious Cycle ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test

In this study, we detected Leishmania spp. infection in R. sanguineus collected from dogs that were naturally infected with L. (L.) infantum. We examined 35 dogs of both sexes and unknown ages. The infected dogs were serologically positive by the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Quick Test-DPP (Dual Path Platform), as well as parasitological examination of a positive skin biopsy or sternal bone marrow aspiration. Ten negative dogs were included as controls. The ticks that infested these dogs were collected in pools of 10 adult females per animal. The PCR was performed with specific primers for Leishmania spp., which amplified a 720-bp fragment. Of the 35 analyzed samples, a product was observed in eight samples (8/35; 22.9%). We conclude that the presence of parasite DNA suggests that ticks participate in the zoonotic cycle of canine visceral leishmaniasis, in the city of Teresina, Piauí.

scholarly journals Factors associated with Leishmania chagasi infection in domestic dogs from Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pereira da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Loureiro Werneck ◽  
Emanuelle Cardoso Macedo ◽  
Hanny de Carvalho ◽  
Maria do Socorro Pires e Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

INTRODUCTION: Many studies have evaluated risk factors for human visceral leishmaniasis, but few have focused on the infection among dogs. The objective of this study was to assess the association between peridomestic socioeconomic and environmental factors and the presence of dogs seropositive for Leishmania chagasi in the City of Teresina, Brazil. METHODS: This case-control study was based on the results of a routine seroepidemiological survey among domestic dogs carried out in 2007. Serological tests were performed by means of indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. All dwellings in which at least one seropositive dog was detected were considered cases, and controls were a random sample of dwellings in which only seronegative dogs were identified. Associations between variables were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) estimated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Dwellings with a history of dogs removed by the visceral leishmaniasis control program in the last 12 months had five-fold higher odds of having at least one seropositive dog as compared with dwellings having no history of dog removal (OR = 5.19; 95%CI = 3.20-8.42). Dwellings with cats had 58% increased odds of dog infection as compared with those having no cats (OR = 1.58; 95%CI = 1.01-2.47). CONCLUSIONS: Identification of factors associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis might be used for the delimitation of areas of higher risk for human visceral leishmaniasis, since infection in dogs generally precedes the appearance of human cases.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis in riverside communities of the Cuiabá river watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3313
Author(s):  
Valéria Régia Franco Sousa ◽  
Álvaro Felipe de Lima Ruy Dias ◽  
Juliana Yuki Rodrigues ◽  
Mariana de Medeiros Torres ◽  
Janaína Marcela Assunção Rosa Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
River Watershed

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic zoonosis expanding in Brazil. Several municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso including those on the river Cuiabá have reported the incidence of both human and canine cases and the identification of sandfly vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lu. cruzi. Dogs are considered the main reservoir of Leishmania chagasi in the urban areas, hence, we devised a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the prevalence of the infection in the dogs of riverside communities on Cuiabá River watershed by parasitological (parasitic isolation in culture), serological, and molecular methods. Of the 248 surveyed dogs, 24 were positive in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with a prevalence of 9.7%. The riverside communities located in the town of Santo Antonio do Leverger displayed a higher prevalence of the disease than the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Dogs born in the communities had a 3.24-fold higher risk of acquiring the infection. Promastigote were isolated in the axenic culture from the bone marrow samples and intact skin. Further, DNA of Leishmania sp. was detected in the bone marrow samples, lymph nodes, leukocyte cover, and skin of only one examined dog. These samples were sequenced and they showed 99% homology to L. infantum. To conclude, we observed a higher prevalence of infection in Riverside communities of Santo Antonio do Leverger and the confirmation of autochthony in these areas justifies the surveillance actions to minimise the risk of transmission within the riverine community itself, besides its dissemination to other areas by tourism.

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