scholarly journals Occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Phlebotominae) and canine visceral leishmaniasis in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Pereira Spada ◽  
Diogo Tiago da Silva ◽  
Kennya Rozy Real Martins ◽  
Lílian Aparecida Colebrusco Rodas ◽  
Maria Luana Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
One Year

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis and also the canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, state of São Paulo. Blood samples were collected from 32 dogs from different rural properties (small farms) and were analyzed by ELISA and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in order to diagnose CVL. From these serological tests, 31.25% of the dogs were positive for CVL and these were distributed in 66.7% (8/12) of the rural properties, which were positive for L. longipalpis. CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) light traps were installed in 12 properties (one per property) and insects were caught on three consecutive days per month for one year. L. longipalpis was present on 100% of the rural properties visited, at least once during the twelve-month interval, totaling 64 males and 25 females. The insects were more numerous after the peak of the rain, but the association between prevalence of peridomestic vectors and the climatic data (precipitation, relative air humidity and temperature) and the occurrences of CVL among dogs on each rural property were not statistical significant (p <0.05). However, the occurrence of CVL cases in dogs and the presence of L. longipalpis indicate that more attention is necessairy for the control of this disease in the rural area studied.

scholarly journals Active surveillance of canine visceral leishmaniasis and american trypanossomiasis in rural dogs from non endemic area

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozeani Olimpio Tome ◽  
Fernanda Conceição Gaio ◽  
Diego Generoso ◽  
Benedito Donizete Menozzi ◽  
Helio Langoni
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent

The canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and american trypanosomiasis are important zoonoses in public health and dogs are the main domestic reservoir of the parasite for humans. The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of circulating antibodies anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Leishmania sp. in sera of dogs from the rural area of Botucatu, SP, Brazil. During the annual vaccination campaign against canine rabies in rural area, 689 blood samples were taken and processed by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. The serological tests revealed the absence of antibodies anti-Leishmania spp., but anti-T. cruzi antibodies were detected in 3 (0.4%) dogs.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Londrina, Paraná - investigation and case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Eloiza Teles Caldart ◽  
Cínthia Peres Camilo ◽  
Jéssica Regina Moreira ◽  
Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento de Matos ◽  
Fernanda Pinto Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Severe Clinical Picture ◽  
Search For Information

Dogs are considered the main reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis for humans, which also present a chronic and severe clinical picture when affected. The objective of the present report was to describe a canine visceral leishmaniasis case diagnosed in Londrina, an indene city, and its investigation. A street animal with extensive dermatological lesions, onychogryphosis, mild anemia and leukopenia was attended at a veterinary hospital in Londrina, where positivity was reported for Leishmania spp. in serological tests. Cytology was positive in bone marrow, PCR and parasite culture were positive in skin, spleen, liver, lymph node and bone marrow, and DNA sequencing confirmed the species of the parasite as L. (L.) infantum. The official diagnosis was made by the Central Laboratory of Paraná (LACEN), and through an official report, an investigation of the case was started for the confirmation of autochthony. An active search for the vector and other canine cases in the neighborhood was carried out along with a search for information on the origin of the animal in question. However, the species, Lutzomyia longipalpis, new canine cases, or origin of the sick animal were not identified. Although, the present case cannot be confirmed as autochthonous, we suggest that it is necessary to disseminate the present report to serve as a warning to veterinarians and other public health professionals in the northern region of Paraná to be attentive to suspicious cases and to not fail to investigate these cases to the end.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis: study of methods for the detection of IgG in serum and eluate samples

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano B. Figueiredo ◽  
Maria F. Madeira ◽  
Lílian D. Nascimento ◽  
Tuanne R. Abrantes ◽  
Eliame Mouta-confort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
One Year

The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends the culling and euthanasia of dogs with a positive serological test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). In the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the technique used for the diagnosis of CVL is the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using blood samples eluted on filter paper (eluate). A dog survey was conducted over a period of one year in the region of Carapiá, in order to evaluate the diagnosis of CVL in this region. All animals underwent clinical examination, and blood samples (serum and eluate) were collected for analysis by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and IFAT. A skin biopsy was obtained for parasitological examination (culture). A total of 305 animals were studied and Leishmania chagasi was isolated from nine animals. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 96.6% for ELISA, respectively, 100% and 65.5% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:40 dilution), 100% and 83.4% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:80 dilution), and 22.2% and 97.0% for eluate IFAT. In conclusion, ELISA was the best tool for the diagnosis of CVL among the serological techniques tested. The present results suggest the need for a better evaluation of filter paper IFAT as the only diagnostic method for CVL in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: assessment of risk factors

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alice A. Cabrera ◽  
Adelzon A. Paula ◽  
Luis Antonio B. Camacho ◽  
Mauro Célio A. Marzochi ◽  
Samanta C. Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
The City ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Predictor Factors

Barra de Guaratiba is a coastal area of the city of Rio de Janeiro where American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is endemic. Although control measures including killing of dogs and use of insecticides have been applied at this locality, the canine seroprevalence remains at 25% and during 1995 and 1997 eight autochthonous human cases were notified. In order to evaluate factors related to the increase of the risk for Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs we have screened 365 dogs by anti-Leishmania immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and captured sandflies in the domestic and peridomestic environment. Some variables related to the infection were assessed by uni- and multivariate analysis. The distance of the residence from the forest border, its altitude and the presence of the opossum Didelphis marsupialis in the backyard, were found predictor factors for L. (L.) chagasi infection in dogs in Barra de Guaratiba. The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the peridomestic environment indicates the possibility of appearence of new human cases. Our data also suggest the presence of a sylvatic enzootic cycle at this locality.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis in riverside communities of the Cuiabá river watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3313
Author(s):  
Valéria Régia Franco Sousa ◽  
Álvaro Felipe de Lima Ruy Dias ◽  
Juliana Yuki Rodrigues ◽  
Mariana de Medeiros Torres ◽  
Janaína Marcela Assunção Rosa Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
River Watershed

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic zoonosis expanding in Brazil. Several municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso including those on the river Cuiabá have reported the incidence of both human and canine cases and the identification of sandfly vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lu. cruzi. Dogs are considered the main reservoir of Leishmania chagasi in the urban areas, hence, we devised a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the prevalence of the infection in the dogs of riverside communities on Cuiabá River watershed by parasitological (parasitic isolation in culture), serological, and molecular methods. Of the 248 surveyed dogs, 24 were positive in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with a prevalence of 9.7%. The riverside communities located in the town of Santo Antonio do Leverger displayed a higher prevalence of the disease than the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Dogs born in the communities had a 3.24-fold higher risk of acquiring the infection. Promastigote were isolated in the axenic culture from the bone marrow samples and intact skin. Further, DNA of Leishmania sp. was detected in the bone marrow samples, lymph nodes, leukocyte cover, and skin of only one examined dog. These samples were sequenced and they showed 99% homology to L. infantum. To conclude, we observed a higher prevalence of infection in Riverside communities of Santo Antonio do Leverger and the confirmation of autochthony in these areas justifies the surveillance actions to minimise the risk of transmission within the riverine community itself, besides its dissemination to other areas by tourism.

scholarly journals Can vaccines against canine visceral leishmaniasis interfere with the serological diagnostics recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health?

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Paiva de Campos ◽  
Paula Mello De Luca ◽  
Alinne Rangel dos Santos Renzetti ◽  
Sara Maria Marques de Souza ◽  
Artur Augusto Velho Mendes Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
One Year ◽  
Serological Diagnostics

ABSTRACT: The objective of the current research was to assess seroconversion in dogs immunized with Leishmune® and Leish Tec® vaccines using rapid chromatographic immunoassay DPP® (Dual Path Platform) (DPP CVL) and enzyme immunoassay (EIE) up to one year after the vaccination protocol. The study sample comprised 28 dogs divided into two groups, each group immunized with an anti-CVL vaccine and clinically monitored for one year through clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. 22 (78.5%) dog were monitored. During the evaluation time (T1-30 days, T2-6 months, and T3-1 year after vaccination) the results for all dogs were negative for CVL, except for one animal vaccinated with Leish tec® that seroconverted in the DPP CVL test at T2. Subsequent examinations of this dog were negative. Our results showed that in a non-endemic area, even at different evaluation times, dogs vaccinated against CVL with Leishmune® or Leish tec® did not seroconvert in the serological protocol used by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (DPP/EIE).

scholarly journals Importance of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the dynamics of transmission of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the endemic area of Porteirinha Municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 131 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
João C. França-Silva ◽  
Ricardo A. Barata ◽  
Roberto T. da Costa ◽  
Érika Michalsky Monteiro ◽  
George L. L. Machado-Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis: Relationships between clinical status, humoral immune response, haematology and Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis infectivity

2007 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane Pimenta da Costa-Val ◽  
Reginaldo Roris Cavalcanti ◽  
Nelder de Figueiredo Gontijo ◽  
Marilene Suzan Marques Michalick ◽  
Bruce Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Humoral Immune

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis: perception, prevalence, and spatial distribution in municipality of Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Roberto Carvalho ◽  
Álvaro Felipe de Lima Ruy Dias ◽  
Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Mário Ribeiro Alves ◽  
Adilson Santos Paes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Leishmania Spp

Abstract The midwest region of Brazil has witnessed an increase in the number of cases of human (HVL) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the population’s perception of these diseases, factors associated with CVL, its spatial distribution, and the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. in 385 dogs, determined using a commercially available immunochromatographic rapid test and confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 385 samples, 54 were positive for CVL and confirmed by ELISA, corresponding to a prevalence of 14%. Knowledge of signs of CVL by tutors (p = 0.038); previous occurrence of CVL in the vicinity (p = 0.022); symptomatic dog(s) (p = 0.014), splenomegaly (p = 0.055), and ear ulcer(s) (p = 0.059) were significantly associated with CVL. The results revealed a significant prevalence of CVL spatially distributed in rural and urban contexts. The association between environmentally related variables and perception and the occurrence of CVL underscores the importance of implementing control and prevention strategies primarily focused on environmental management and health education activities.

Assessment of a New Antigen Detection Test for the Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Abeijon ◽  
Stefano Pizzirani ◽  
Antonio Campos-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Antigen Protein ◽  
Simple Exposure

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a serious zoonotic disease in Brazil and Southern Europe. CVL is primarily caused by Leishmania infantum and its diagnosis relies primarily on detection of parasites in bone marrow or lymph node aspirates by microscopic observation of the parasites in stained smears, parasite culture, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serological tests exist but they do not distinguish active disease from simple exposure to parasite antigens. Here, we have assessed the utility of a new monoclonal antibody––based antigen (protein) detection test for the diagnosis of CVL. The test was positive in 70% of beagle dogs experimentally infected with L. infantum. In contrast, culture of the parasites from bone marrow aspirates was positive in only 40% of the infected animals. These preliminary results suggest that this antigen detection test, which we have recently described for the diagnosis of human VL, has the potential to be a useful diagnostic tool for CVL.

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