Adult resistance to schistosomiasis mansoni: age-dependence of reinfection remains constant in communities with diverse exposure patterns

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. KABATEREINE ◽  
B. J. VENNERVALD ◽  
J. H. OUMA ◽  
J. KEMIJUMBI ◽  
A. E. BUTTERWORTH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Age Dependence ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Exposure Patterns ◽  
Stark Contrast

In a fishing community on Lake Albert in Uganda the pattern of intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection 6 months after treatment with praziquantel was found to be very similar to reinfection patterns seen in previously studied endemic communities: the profile peaks sharply at around the age of 10 years falling away rapidly to much lower levels in adults. This is in stark contrast to the patterns of water contact, which differ greatly between fishing and non-fishing communities. On Lake Albert, adults appear to be more heavily exposed than children. From these observations we conclude that adults are physiologically (perhaps immunologically) more resistant to infection after treatment than children.

scholarly journals Biological implications of the phenotypic plasticity in the Schistosoma mansoni - Nectomys squamipes model

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Machado Martinez ◽  
Michele Costa-Silva ◽  
Renata Heisler Neves ◽  
Regina Maria Figueiredo de Oliveira ◽  
José Roberto Machado-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Infectivity Rate ◽  
Biological Modification

The water-rat Nectomys squamipes is mostly important non-human host in schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in Brazil, due to its susceptibility, high abundance and water-contact pattern. During experimental infection of N. squamipes with Schistosoma mansoni, adult worms show phenotypic plasticity. This finding led us to investigate whether biological behavior is also affected. This was assessed comparing the biological characteristics of four S. mansoni strains: BE (State of Belém do Pará), CE (State of Pernambuco), CMO (State of Rio Grande do Norte) and SJ (State of São Paulo) using laboratory-bred N. squamipes. The infection was monitored by determination of the pre-patent period, fecal egg output, egg viability, intestinal egg count and, infectivity rate. No biological modification was observed in these parameters. Overall results highlight that N. squamipes was susceptible to several S. mansoni strains, suggesting that it might contribute to the maintenance of schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil.

scholarly journals Microgeographical and tribal variations in water contact and Schistosoma mansoni exposure within a Ugandan fishing community

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 724-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Pinot De Moira ◽  
Anthony J. C. Fulford ◽  
Narcis B. Kabatereine ◽  
Francis Kazibwe ◽  
John H. Ouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Water Contact

The development of schistosomiasis mansoni in an immunologically naive immigrant population in Masongaleni, Kenya

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. OUMA ◽  
A. J. C. FULFORD ◽  
H. C. KARIUKI ◽  
G. KIMANI ◽  
R. F. STURROCK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Time Required

The relocation of several thousand members of the Kamba tribe from the Kyulu Hills to the Thange valley near Masongaleni in Kenya provides an excellent opportunity to study the development of the immune response to schistosomiasis mansoni in a population with little or no previous experience of the infection. An adjacent, well-established Kamba community with similar patterns of water contact provides a suitable endemic control population. The immigrants were, uniquely, examined shortly after their arrival in the endemic area, while the prevalence of infection was still low. At this time faecal egg counts peaked atypically around 30 years of age. Over the next 12–18 months infection increased rapidly, especially among teenagers, producing a pattern of infection more typical of endemic communities. This substantially narrows estimates of the time required to develop the important determinants of the age–intensity profile, supporting the notion that changes related to age per se, rather than duration of infection, dominate. Age-dependent factors might include behaviour or physiology, including immune response. This paper provides the background for continuing longitudinal studies on the development of immunological responses to this parasite.

scholarly journals Savings Habit Among Individuals in the Informal Sector: A Case Study of Gbegbeyishie Fishing Community in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bismark Addai ◽  
Adjei Gyamfi Gyimah ◽  
Wendy Kumah Boadi Owusu
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Earning Capacity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Savings among individuals in the informal sector is imperatively expedient if they are to have any decent and comfortable living conditions at retirement as savings in the informal sector become the obvious substitute for formal pensions. However, much is not known regarding the savings habits of informal sector, particularly, the fishing communities in Ghana. Apparently, this study investigates into the determinants of savings habit of the informal sector in Ghana, using the case of the Gbegbeyishie Fishing community. The data for the study was obtained through administering questionnaires and interviewing targeted respondents. A 120 sample size was randomly drawn from Gbegbeyishie fishing community in Ghana. This study employs the probit model in estimating the determinants of savings in the informal sector. SPSS and STATA statistical packages were employed in descriptive analysis and estimation of the probit model respectively.It is glaring in this study that age, gender and income are statistically significant conditions for savings in the informal sector. It is also evincing in this study that Age has a significant negative effect on savings and aging decreases the propensity to save by 0.1577656. On the other hand, income has statistically significant positive effect on savings and that a one unit change in the income variable increases the propensity to save by 0.1292502. Also, the probability for a male, all other factors held constant, to save is higher than for a female to save and being a man increases the propensity to save by 0.2024894. The study also revealed that the main hindrance to savings in the Gbegbeyishie Fishing Community is Low income.As a result, the authors recommend that men and married people should be targeted whiles paying little attention to the aged in stimulating savings among fishing communities in Ghana. Educational programs could also be organized for the workers in the informal sector as most of the workers have no education which could hinder their income earning capacity and for that matter savings. Further research could also be engineered to consider macro-economic conditions for savings habit in Ghana.

scholarly journals Predicting frequency distribution and influence of sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni infection and analysis of co-infection with intestinal parasites

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla V.V. Rollemberg ◽  
Marília M.B.L. Silva ◽  
Karla C. Rollemberg ◽  
Fábio R. Amorim ◽  
Nayanna M.N. Lessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Kernel Estimation ◽  
Kernel Estimator ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Untreated Water

Geospatial analysis was used to study the epidemiology of <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em>, intestinal parasites and co-infections in an area (Ilha das Flores) in Sergipe, Brazil. We collected individually georeferenced sociodemographic, behavioral and parasitological data from 500 subjects, analyzed them by conventional statistics, and produced risk maps by Kernel estimation. The prevalence rates found were: <em>S. mansoni</em> (24.0%), <em>Trichuris trichiura</em> (54.8%), <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em> (49.2%), Hookworm (17.6%) and <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> (7.0%). Only 59/500 (11.8%) individuals did not present any of these infections, whereas 279/500 (55.8%) were simultaneously infected by three or more parasites. We observed associations between <em>S. mansoni</em> infection and various variables such as male gender, being rice farmer or fisherman, low educational level, low income, water contact and drinking untreated water. The Kernel estimator indicated that high-risk areas coincide with the poorest regions of the villages as well as with the part of the villages without an adequate sewage system. We also noted associations between both <em>A. lumbricoides</em> and hookworm infections with low education and low income. <em>A. lumbricoides</em> infection and <em>T. trichiura</em> infection were both associated with drinking untreated water and residential open-air sewage. These findings call for an integrated approach to effectively control multiple parasitic infections.

scholarly journals Kemiskinan dan kondisi pemukiman nelayan tradisional (studi di Kelurahan Kampung Nelayan Kecamatan Tungkal Ilir Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Nurhayani Nurhayani ◽  
Siti Hodijah
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Institutional Factor ◽  
Spread Pattern ◽  
Traditional Fishing

This study aims to analyze the poverty problems of traditional fishermen at Nelayan Village Tungkal Ilir District, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency. And analyze the condition of coastal settlements of traditional fishing communities at Nelayan Village Tungkal Ilir District, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency. The poverty that occurs in traditional fishermen at Nelayan Village is caused by 3 (three) most influential factors. There are; 1) quality factor of human resources, 2) economic factor, and 3) institutional factor. The spread pattern of settlements of traditional fishing communities at Nelayan Village takes place naturally, spontaneously and tend to be sporadic. This fishing community settlement tends to be dense

scholarly journals Evaluation of anti-Schistosoma mansoni igG antibodies in patients with chronic schistosomiasis mansoni before and after specific treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Maria V. VENDRAME ◽  
Márcia Dias T. CARVALHO ◽  
Célia Regina F. YAMAMOTO ◽  
Maria Cristina NAKHLE ◽  
Silvino Alves CARVALHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Precipitin Test ◽  
Egg Antigen ◽  
Adult Worm Antigen

The circumoval precipitin test (COPT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the immunoblotting anti-adult worm antigen (AWA) and soluble egg antigen (SEA) tests were applied to 17 chronically schistosome-infected patients for the detection of anti-Schistosoma mansoni antibodies before and on four occasions after oxamniquine administration over a period of six months. Compared to a control group, schistosomiasis patients showed high levels of IgG antibodies in AWA and SEA-ELISA. A decrease in IgG levels was observed six months after treatment, although negative reactions were not obtained. Significant decreases in IgG1, IgG3 and, mainly, IgG4, but not anti-SEA IgG2 levels were observed six months after treatment, again without negativity. Analysis of anti-AWA IgG antibodies by immunoblotting before treatment showed a 31 kDa strand in 14 patients (82%) which disappeared in three cases up to six months after treatment; furthermore, anti-SEA IgG antibodies showed the same band in nine patients (53%) before treatment, which disappeared in only four cases up to six months after treatment.

scholarly journals Radicular dysfunction preponderance at early phase clinical evaluation in myelitis by Schistosoma mansoni

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2a) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Henrique Fernandes Vidal ◽  
Joacil Carlos da Silva ◽  
Jefferson Jane Oliveira Souza ◽  
Sara Pimentel Belleza Bernardino ◽  
Maria Lucia Brito Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Neurological Damage ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Urinary Dysfunctions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Classical Triad ◽  
Early Diagnostic

In neuroschistosomiasis, the spinal cord is the most common place of the disease. In high prevalent areas for schistosomiasis mansoni, the clinical alertness is important for an early diagnostic, in order to decrease the final neurological damage. This study provides some useful neurologic information about a series of patients with schistosomal myelitis. METHOD: The sample consisted of 13 schistosomiasis mansoni carriers examined at the moment of the diagnosis of myelitis. RESULTS: The classical triad (lumbago, weakness at the lower limbs and urinary dysfunctions) was documented in 11 (86.61%) patients. The distribution of the clinical forms was: myeloradicular in six patients (46.15%), radicular in four (30.76%) and myelitic in three (23.07%). CONCLUSION: The radicular dysfunction and their clinical associated forms were the most prominent pattern during the early phase of this disease.

scholarly journals Association of Type 2 Cytokines with Hepatic Fibrosis in Human Schistosoma mansoni Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 3391-3397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus ◽  
Andréa Magalhães ◽  
Delfin Gonzalez Miranda ◽  
Roberval Gonzalez Miranda ◽  
Maria Ilma Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Type 2 Cytokines

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of cytokines in hepatic fibrosis in the prehepatosplenic and early hepatosplenic stages of schistosomiasis mansoni. Hepatic fibrosis was classified by ultrasonography of 94 patients. Immunological evaluation was performed by the measurement of secreted cytokines (interleukin-5 [IL-5], IL-10, IL-13, gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and transforming growth factor β) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by Schistosoma mansoni antigens. Significantly, higher levels of IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 were found in supernatants of soluble egg antigen-stimulated PBMC from subjects with degree III hepatic fibrosis compared to patients with degree I or II fibrosis. Significant increases in IL-5 and IL-13 levels were also observed in some of the subjects who remained untreated for 1 year following initial assessment and developed more serious fibrosis during this period. The data suggest a role for type 2 cytokines in hepatic fibrosis in human schistosomiasis mansoni.

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