scholarly journals Hydrological processes obtained on the plot scale under four simulated rainfall tests during the cycle of different crop systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Roger Robert Ramos ◽  
Fabrício Tondello Barbosa ◽  
Julio César Ramos ◽  
Douglas Henrique Bandeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Simulated Rainfall

The cropping system influences the interception of water by plants, water storage in depressions on the soil surface, water infiltration into the soil and runoff. The aim of this study was to quantify some hydrological processes under no tillage cropping systems at the edge of a slope, in 2009 and 2010, in a Humic Dystrudept soil, with the following treatments: corn, soybeans, and common beans alone; and intercropped corn and common bean. Treatments consisted of four simulated rainfall tests at different times, with a planned intensity of 64 mm h-1 and 90 min duration. The first test was applied 18 days after sowing, and the others at 39, 75 and 120 days after the first test. Different times of the simulated rainfall and stages of the crop cycle affected soil water content prior to the rain, and the time runoff began and its peak flow and, thus, the surface hydrological processes. The depth of the runoff and the depth of the water intercepted by the crop + soil infiltration + soil surface storage were affected by the crop systems and the rainfall applied at different times. The corn crop was the most effective treatment for controlling runoff, with a water loss ratio of 0.38, equivalent to 75 % of the water loss ratio exhibited by common bean (0.51), the least effective treatment in relation to the others. Total water loss by runoff decreased linearly with an increase in the time that runoff began, regardless of the treatment; however, soil water content on the gravimetric basis increased linearly from the beginning to the end of the rainfall.

Using soil surface gray level to determine surface soil water content

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1527-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
YuanJun Zhu ◽  
YunQiang Wang ◽  
MingAn Shao
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Gray Level

scholarly journals Field spatial and temporal patterns of soil water content and bulk density changes

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Carlos Timm ◽  
Luiz Fernando Pires ◽  
Renato Roveratti ◽  
Robson Clayton Jacques Arthur ◽  
Klaus Reichardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Wetting And Drying Cycles

Soil water content (theta) and bulk density (rhos) greatly influence important soil and plant processes, such as water movement, soil compaction, soil aeration, and plant root system development. Spatial and temporal variability of theta and rhos during different periods of the year and different phases of crops are of fundamental interest. This work involves the characterization of spatial and temporal patterns of theta and rhos during different climatic periods of year, aiming to verify whether there are significant temporal changes in rhos at the soil surface layer when submitted to wetting and drying cycles. The field experiment was carried out in a coffee plantation, Rhodic Kandiudalf soil, clayey texture. Using a neutron/gamma surface probe, theta and rhos were measured meter by meter along a 200 m spatial transect, along an interrow contour line. During the wet period there was no difference of spatial patterns of theta while during the dry period differences were observed, and can be associated to precipitation events. It was also observed that there are rhos temporal changes at the soil surface along the studied period as a consequence of the in situ wetting and drying cycles.

scholarly journals Modeling Streamflow Enhanced by Precipitation from Atmospheric River Using the NOAA National Water Model: A Case Study of the Russian River Basin for February 2004

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heechan Han ◽  
Jungho Kim ◽  
V. Chandrasekar ◽  
Jeongho Choi ◽  
Sanghun Lim
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Atmospheric River ◽  
Russian River ◽  
National Water

This study aims to address hydrological processes and impacts of an atmospheric river (AR) event that occurred during 15–18 February 2004 in the Russian River basin in California. The National Water Model (NWM), a fully distributed hydrologic model, was used to evaluate the hydrological processes including soil moisture flux, overland flow, and streamflow. Observed streamflow and volumetric soil water content data were used to evaluate the performance of the NWM using various error metrics. The simulation results showed that this AR event (15–18 February 2004) with a long duration of precipitation could cause not only deep soil saturation, but also high direct runoff depth. Taken together, the analysis revealed the complex interaction between precipitation and land surface response to the AR event. The results emphasize the significance of a change of water contents in various soil layers and suggest that soil water content monitoring could aid in improving flood forecasting accuracy caused by the extreme events such as the AR.

Modelling leaching and recharge in a bare transitional red-brown earth ponded with low salinity water in summer

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Cai ◽  
SA Prathapar ◽  
HG Beecher
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Water And Salt Movement ◽  
Winter Fallow

A modelling study was conducted to evaluate water and salt movement within a transitional red-brown earth with saline B horizon soil when such waters are used for ponding in summer. The model was calibrated using previously published experimental data. The calibrated model was used to evaluate the effect of depth to watertable, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and ponding water salinity on infiltration, water and salt movement within the soil profile, and recharge. The study showed that when initial soil water content and the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) are low, infiltrating water will be stored within the soil profile even in the absence of a shallow watertable. Once the soil water content is high, however, recharge will be significant in winter, even if there is no net infiltration at the soil surface. Infiltration rates depend more on Ks than the depth to watertable if it is at, or below, 1.5 m from the soil surface. When Ks is high, recharge under ponding will be higher than that under winter fallow. Subsequent ponding in summer and fallow in winter tend to leach salts from the soil profile, the leaching rate dependent on Ks. During winter fallow, due to net evaporation, salts tend to move upwards and concentrate near the soil surface. In the presence of shallow watertables, leached salts tend to concentrate at, or near, the watertable.

Using satellite data in the Land Surface Model to estimate water availability of arid agricultural region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Muzylev ◽  
Zoya Startseva ◽  
Elena Volkova ◽  
Eugene Vasilenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Heat Regime ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics

<p>The water availability of agricultural arid regions can be assessed at presence using the physical-mathematical model of water and heat exchange between land surface and atmosphere LSM (Land Surface Model) adapted to satellite-derived estimates of meteorological and vegetation characteristics. The LSM is designed to calculate soil water content W, evapotranspiration Ev, vertical heat fluxes and other water and heat regime elements. Soil and vegetation characteristics were used in the LSM as parameters and meteorological characteristics were utilized as input variables.</p><p>The case study was carried out for the territory of the Saratov and Volgograd Trans-Volga region (the left-bank part of the Saratov and Volgograd regions) of 66600 km<sup>2</sup> for the vegetation seasons 2016-2018.</p><p>The satellite measurement data from radiometers AVHRR/NOAA, SEVIRI/Meteosat-10, -11, -8, and MSU-MR/Meteor-M No. 2 in visible and IR ranges were thematic processed to built estimates of vegetation index NDVI, emissivity E, vegetation cover fraction B, leaf index LAI, land surface temperature LST and precipitation.</p><p>LAI and B estimates were obtained using empirical dependencies on NDVI. The adequacy of the LAI and B estimates obtained from all sensor data was verified when comparing the LAI time behavior built for named vegetation seasons. Errors of determining B and LAI were 15 and 20%, respectively.</p><p>Satellite-derived estimates of daily, decadal and monthly precipitation sums for each pixel were obtained using the Multi Threshold Method (MTM) for detecting clouds, identifying its types allocating precipitation zones and determining their maximum intensity. The MTM is based on the developed algorithm of the transition from the assessment of precipitation intensity to the assessment of their daily amounts. Testing of the method was carried out when comparing these amounts with observed at meteorological stations. The probability of satellite-detected precipitation zones corresponded to the actual ones was ~ 80% for all radiometers.</p><p>Based on the MTM, computational algorithm to evaluate the LST was developed and verified on the study region data. Comparison of ground-measured and satellite-derived LST showed that the latter estimates for the overwhelming number of observation turned out to be comparable in accuracy with each other and with the ground-based data.</p><p>Calculations of water and heat regime elements (being the final products of the simulation) were carried out when replacing ground-based estimates of precipitation, LST, LAI and B in the LSM by satellite-derived ones at each time step in all nodes of the computational grid. The efficiency of such replacement procedures was confirmed by comparing measured and calculated values of W and Ev (the difference between them didn’t exceed 15% for W and 25% for Ev).</p><p>The possibility of using soil surface moisture estimates obtained from all-weather measurements by the scatterometer ASCAT/MetOp in the microwave range when simulating soil water content was also revealed. These estimates may use to set initial conditions for the vertical soil water transfer equation, as well as for calculating evaporation from the soil surface and the subsequent formation of the upper boundary condition for this equation.</p><p>As a summary, the described approach can be considered as a method for assessing the water availability for agricultural arid region.</p>

Analysis of Water Budgets in Semi-Arid Lands from Soil Water Records

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Pilbeam ◽  
C. C. Daamen ◽  
L. P. Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Total Evaporation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Neutron Probe ◽  
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Probe Measurements

SUMMARYFour components of the water budget for a growing season, namely storage, drainage, transpiration and direct evaporation from the soil surface, were estimated using a suite of techniques. The only data requirements were rainfall, neutron probe measurements of soil water content and microlysimeter measurements of evaporation from the soil. Data from four growing seasons at Kiboko, Kenya between 1990 and 1992 were used to provide examples of the estimations. Drainage was significant (about 10% of rainfall) in one season only; in the other seasons, total evaporation comprised at least 95% of the seasonal rainfall.Drainage was determined using a relationship between unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and soil water content that was determined during the early part of the rainy season when water was penetrating to depth. This analysis made it possible to identify a critical water content at the base of the soil profile, above which there would be significant drainage. However, there are large errors associated with estimation of drainage if significant drainage occurs.Estimates of direct evaporation from the soil surface were used as the basis of distinguishing transpiration from total evaporation. Microlysimetry was used to develop a model of evaporation from these sandy soils, which was based on the assumption that the evaporation from the soil surface following heavy rainfall is a unique function of time from rainfall, and little influenced by the presence of a sparse crop. This method showed that direct evaporation from the soil accounted for between 70 and 85% of total evaporation in seasons when total evaporation estimates ranged from 150 to 325 mm.

scholarly journals Application of a Dielectric Measurement Technique for Calculating Water Loss from Two Texture-contrasting Soils Grown with Upland Rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Bandi Hermawan ◽  
Pajrina Pajrina ◽  
Sumardi Sumardi ◽  
Indra Agustian
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dielectric Measurement ◽  
Loamy Sand

Most of the water loss from the soil profile occurred through the evapotranspiration process especially when the plant covers were under maximum growth periods.  This study aimed to apply a technique of measuring a dielectric variable for calculating soil water content and crop water use in the coarse and medium textured soils grown with upland rice.  A couple of wires were inserted into the soil repacked in a 10-kg polybag grown with upland rice, the electrical impedance representing the dielectric value was measured using an instrument called the impedance meter.  The impedance values were converted into the soil water content using a nonlinear regression model of ? = a.ebZ where a and b were constants.  Results showed that the proposed technique of measuring the electrical impedance has successfully been applied to calculate the soil water content and the water use by upland rice grown in loamy sand and sandy loam soils.  Cumulative water loss from loamy sand was about 4 L plant-1 higher for the coarse loamy sand in the first 30 days of a measurement period, but about 10 L plant-1 higher for finer sandy loam on the 90th day of the rice growth period.  Higher biomass of upland rice in the sandy loam soil could increase the evapotranspiration rates and be the main reason for higher water use in this soil.

scholarly journals Measuring Soil Water Content under Turfgrass Using the Dual-probe Heat-pulse Technique

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Song ◽  
J.M. Ham ◽  
M.B. Kirkham ◽  
G.J. Kluitenberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Heat Pulse ◽  
Pulse Technique ◽  
Dual Probe

Measurements of soil water content near the soil surface often are required for efficient turfgrass water management. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse to determine if the dual-probe heat-pulse (DPHP) technique can be used to monitor changes in soil volumetric water content (θv) and turfgrass water use. `Kentucky 31' Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was planted in 20-cm-diameter containers packed with Haynie sandy loam (coarse-silty, mixed, calcareous, mesic Typic Udifluvents). Water content was measured with the DPHP sensors that were placed horizontally at different depths between 1.5 and 14.4 cm from the surface in the soil column. Water content also was monitored gravimetrically from changes in container mass. Measurements started when the soil surface was covered completely by tall fescue. Hence, changes in θv could be attributed entirely to water being taken up by roots of tall fescue. Daily measurements were taken over multiple 6- or 7-day drying cycles. Each drying cycle was preceded by an irrigation, and free drainage had ceased before measurements were initiated. Soil water content dropped from ≈0.35 to 0.10 m3·m-3 during each drying cycle. Correlation was excellent between θv and changes in water content determined by the DPHP and gravimetric methods. Comparisons with the gravimetric method showed that the DPHP sensors could measure average container θv within 0.03 m3·m-3 and changes in soil water content within 0.01 m3·m-3.

scholarly journals Drip Irrigation Configuration Influences Growth in Young Highbush Blueberries

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1012B-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bryla
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Bed Erosion ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Subsurface Drip

A study was done to determine the effects of irrigation with different drip configurations on growth of newly planted highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. `Duke'). Plants were grown on raised beds mulched with sawdust. Different configurations included two laterals of drip tubing placed on the soil surface on each side of the plants, two laterals buried 0.1 m deep on each side of the plants, and one lateral suspended 1.2 m above the plants. Each treatment was irrigated three times per week (when needed) with enough water to replace 100% of the estimated crop evapotranspiration requirements. During the first 2 years after planting, plants irrigated by buried drip were larger and produced significantly more whips than those irrigated by drip placed at the soil surface. The size and whip number of those irrigated by suspended drip were intermediate. Subsurface drip eliminated water runoff and bed erosion observed with both surface drip configurations. It also maintained lower soil water content near the plant crown. Since plants tested positive for phytophthora and pythium root rot, lower soil water content may have reduced problems with the disease. As plants mature, the next objective will be to determine the effects of each drip configuration on fruit production.

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