scholarly journals Food resources and population pattern in Apis mellifera hives used for apple pollination

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas de Almeida Bizotto ◽  
Regis Sivori Silva dos Santos ◽  
Mari Ines Carissimi Boff
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Population Pattern

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the variations in the stored food resources and in the number of immature bees in Apis mellifera hives used for apple (Malus domestica) pollination. The study was conducted in the municipality of Vacaria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with 40 hives, over two consecutive harvests. The evaluations were done in the hive brood frames before, during, and 45 days after a pollination period, by interpreting photographic field records. Before being transported to the orchards, the bees foraged primarily in areas with native forest or canola (Brassica napus) crop, in 2014/2015, and with native forest or eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.) reforestation, in 2015/2016. In both harvests, the percentage of food resources (honey and pollen) stored in the hives reduced significantly between the pre- and post-pollination periods, but there was no significant difference between the pollination and post-pollination periods. The greatest reduction in the storage of these resources was observed in the hives from the canola crop, which had a large supply of floral resources compared with the apple orchards. The hives most susceptible to population variations within the apple orchards are those from the canola crop, whereas those from areas with a lower food supply (forest and eucalyptus) show population gains in the apple orchards.

Rendimento de grãos de soja e de milho, no Rio Grande do Sul, não difere entre eventos El Niño Oscilação Sul

Agrometeoros ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Matzenauer ◽  
Bernadete Radin ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Income Data ◽  
The Relationship

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre o fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul - ENOS e o rendimento de grãos de soja e de milho no Rio Grande do Sul e verificar a hipótese de que os eventos El Niño são favoráveis e os eventos La Niña são prejudiciais ao rendimento de grãos das culturas. Foram utilizados dados de rendimento de grãos dos anos agrícolas de 1974/75 a 2016/17, e relacionados com as ocorrências de eventos ENOS. Foram analisados os dados de rendimento observados na colheita e os dados estimados com a remoção da tendência tecnológica. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa do rendimento médio de grãos de soja e de milho na comparação entre os eventos ENOS. Palavras-chave: El Niño, La Niña, safras agrícolas. Abstract – The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon with the grain yield of soybean and maize in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil and to verify the hypothesis that the El Niño events are favorable and the La Niña events are harmful to the culture’s grain yields. Were used data from the agricultural years of 1974/75 to 2016/17, and related to the occurrence of ENOS events. We analyzed income data observed at harvest and estimated data with technological tendency was removed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the average yield of soybeans and corn in the comparison between events.

scholarly journals Diversity and spatial distribution of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Ijuí river drainage basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Tieli Cláudia Menzel ◽  
Sirlei Maria Hentges ◽  
David Augusto Reynalte Tataje ◽  
Milton Norberto Strieder
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. In southern Brazil there are several problems regarding the hematophageal activity of black flies, and the information on the distribution of species are still insufficient. In this study, our main goals were to recognize Simuliidae species and to analyze abiotic factors regarding the distribution of immature stages (larva and pupa) in streams from the Ijuí River basin, Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We sampled simulids specimens in 27 study sites, covering three regions (high, intermediate and low altitude). Concomitantly, we recorded abiotic factors in the studied sites, such as: temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, atmospheric pressure, pH, altitude and stream width. For data analysis, we performed Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Analysis of Indicator Species and Canonical Correspondence (CCA). A total of 10 species of black Flies was recorded. Simulium pertinax Kollar, Simulium incrustatum Lutz and Simulium orbitale Lutz were the most frequent. There was no significant difference in richness and density of the species between the different regions studied, except for Simulium jujuyense Paterson & Shannon. The sampled environments were segregated according to the location within the basin, and only S. jujuyense was considered an indicator species of the upper region. These results can be explained by the homogeneous conditions of the Ijuí River basin, which have suffered anthropogenic pressure mainly due to agricultural activities, resulting in losses in local aquatic biodiversity. Also, it may indicate that the control must be conducted considering the basin as a whole, and not only as isolated stretches of the streams.Diversidade e distribuição espacial de borrachudos (Diptera: Simuliidae) na bacia hidrográfica do rio Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, BrasilResumo. No sul do Brasil existem problemas com atividade hematofágica de borrachudos e as informações referentes à distribuição das espécies ainda são insuficientes. O presente estudo visa reconhecer as espécies de Simuliidae e analisar fatores abióticos quanto a distribuição dos estágios imaturos (larva e pupa) em riachos da Bacia do Rio Ijuí, no Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram coletados simulídeos em 27 pontos de estudo, cobrindo três regiões da bacia (alta, intermediária e baixa altitude). Concomitantemente, foi feito o registro de fatores abióticos nos trechos estudados, tais como: temperatura, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, pressão atmosférica, pH, altitude e largura do riacho. Foram realizadas análises de Kruskal-Wallis ou ANOVA, Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), Análise de Espécie Indicadora e de Correspondência Canônica (CCA). Foi registrado um total de 10 espécies de Simuliidae. Simulium pertinax Kollar, Simulium incrustatum Lutz e Simulium orbitale Lutz foram as mais frequentes. Não ocorreu diferença na riqueza e na densidade das espécies entre as diferentes regiões estudadas, exceto para Simulium jujuyense Paterson & Shannon. Os ambientes nos pontos de amostragem foram segregados de acordo com a sua localização na bacia, e apenas S. jujuyense foi considerada uma espécie indicadora da região alta. Tais resultados podem ser explicados pelas condições homogêneas da Bacia do Rio Ijuí, que vêm sofrendo pressão antropogênica principalmente devido às atividades agrícolas, resultando em perdas na biodiversidade aquática local. Também, indicam que o controle deve ser realizado considerando a bacia como um todo e não apenas em trechos isolados dos riachos.

Occurrence of the quarantine mite pest Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae) in apple orchards of Serra Gaúcha, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1190
Author(s):  
Noeli Juarez Ferla ◽  
Darliane Evangelho Silva ◽  
Denise Navia ◽  
Joseane Moreira Do Nascimento ◽  
Liana Johann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Country Report ◽  
The Third ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Relative Measurements ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

The aim of this work is to report the presence of Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa, 1890) (Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) (Apple rust mite—ARM), in apple orchards of Serra Gaúcha, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Surveys were conducted from apple leaves of Gala cultivar in a commercial orchard of Vacaria County (S 28' 34.540 W 050' 52.153) in the Northeast region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, between November 2016 and January of 2017. The morphological traits and the relative measurements matched with those of A. schlechtendali. This is the first report of this mite pest in Brazil, so far regulated as a quarantine pest, and the third country report in South America. Consideration on the potential pest status of ARM is discussed.

scholarly journals Balantidium coli in Pigs of Distinct Animal Husbandry Categories and Different Hygienic-Sanitary Standards in the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Antonio Sangioni ◽  
Sônia De Avila Botton ◽  
Fernanda Ramos ◽  
Gustavo Cauduro Cadore ◽  
Silvia Gonzales Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Balantidium Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stool Samples

Background: Balantidium coli is a commensal protozoan that infects several animals, but it has pigs as its natural reservoir. In the presence of predisposing factors, B. coli can become pathogenic for swine, causing enteric lesions. Infections determined by this protozoan may be a risk to public health, due to dysentery in animal keepers and veterinarians. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of infection by B. coli in pigs of distinct husbandry categories, as well as unlike physiological state, kept in farms with different hygienic-sanitary standards, located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Stool samples were collected from 12 different farms with different hygienic-sanitary standards being four farms of finisher pigs (G1; n = 287), four farms with pregnant females (G2; n = 60) and four farms with lactation sows (G3;  n = 40), and all samples were submitted to coproparasitological analyses to verify the presence of cysts or trophozoites of B. coli. The infection levels were considered mild (1-100 cyst/trophozoite), moderate (101300 cyst/trophozoite) and high (>300 cysts/trophozoite). In addition, information about hygienic-sanitary conditions of each farm was collected. The occurrence of B. coli infection in all swine stool samples analyzed was 60.9% (236/387); however, in G1, G2 and G3 was 54.7% (157/287), 91.7% (55/60) and 65% (26/40) respectively. There was significant difference in the occurrence of G1 (P < 0.05) except between farms B and C (67.9% and 56.6% respectively). There was also a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the occurrence of B. coli found in G2 and G3. The infection levels were considered predominantly mild in G1; and mild to moderate in G2 and G3.Discussion: In this research it was confirmed the presence of B. coli in swine farms located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil. This area is known as being an important producer of pigs in Brazil. The results obtained in this study, demonstrated that swine farms with better hygienic and sanitary standards, had mild infections by B. coli. However, the presence of intestinal parasites, especially protozoa, can occur even in properties with good management practices. However, protozoa infections can cause important production losses, especially when associated with other pathogens or nutritional problems. The occurrence of B. coli observed in pregnant (G2) and lactating (G3) females was significant, and the infection level was mild to moderate. These conditions suggest that pregnancy, childbirth and lactation are critical stages for females, mainly due to physiological stress, resulting in a change in the hormonal levels and immune status of the animals. Thus, these factors cause declines in the immune response of pigs making them susceptible to infections and the increase of cyst excretion of B. coli in feces. The abundance of protozoan cysts in feces contaminates the environment and increases the risk of infections in humans. In addition, it was demonstrated the occurrence of B. coli in an important site of swine production in RS, Brazil. B. coli is related to the physiological state of the animals and the hygienic and sanitary management in different categories of swine. In conclusion, this study highlights the epidemiological importance of swine as natural reservoir of Balantidium coli and the risk potential of infection to animals and humans. Additionally, sanitary program in farming pigs must be improved in order to guarantee healthy and food-safe product for consumers.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO FORRAGEIRA E EFICIÊNCIA DE UTILIZAÇÃO DA ÁGUA DO CAPIM SUDÃO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO1

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-159
Author(s):  
Wellington Mezzomo ◽  
Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽  
Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽  
Jardel Henrique Kirchner ◽  
Rogerio Ricalde Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sorghum Sudanense ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Water Depths

PRODUÇÃO FORRAGEIRA E EFICIÊNCIA DE UTILIZAÇÃO DA ÁGUA DO CAPIM SUDÃO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO1   WELLINGTON MEZZOMO2; MARCIA XAVIER PEITER3; ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA4; JARDEL HENRIQUE KIRCHNER5; ROGÉRIO RICALDE TORRES6 e BRUNA DALCIN PIMENTA7   1 Trabalho retirado da tese intitulada: “Viabilidade técnica e econômica da produção de forragem do capim sudão irrigado por aspersão convencional”, do autor Wellington Mezzomo2 2 Eng. Agrônomo, Mestre, Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 3 Eng. Agrônoma, Doutora, Professora Associada do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 4 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 5 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Nelsi Ribas Fritsch, nº 1111, bairro Esperança, Ibirubá, RS, Brasil, CEP: 98200-000, [email protected] 6 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Eng. João Viterbo de Oliveira, nº 3061, Zona Rural, Vacaria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 95219-899, [email protected]. 7 Eng. Agrônoma, Mestre, Professora do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Nelsi Ribas Fritsch, nº 1111, bairro Esperança, Ibirubá, RS, Brasil, CEP: 98200-000, [email protected].     1 RESUMO   As pastagens cultivadas são a forma mais prática e viável economicamente para alimentação bovina, entretanto, na região sul do Brasil no período de primavera-verão a qualidade e a disponibilidade forrageira decaem em razão da irregularidade pluvial, fazendo-se necessária a utilização da irrigação. O capim Sudão (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf), cultivar BRS Estribo vem se destacando em relação as demais gramíneas de verão, porém o suprimento hídrico ótimo ainda é desconhecido, pois as pesquisas divergem sobre os resultados. O objetivo, foi avaliar a produtividade do capim Sudão sob diferentes lâminas e determinar a eficiência na utilização da água em dois anos de cultivo (2015/2016 e 2016/2017). Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, baixo o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com cinco lâminas de água, 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) e tratamento testemunha sem irrigação, todos com quatro repetições. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para os distintos tratamentos, sendo determinado a máxima eficiência técnica para produção de massa seca e eficiência de utilização da água, no Ano 1 as lâminas de água foram 103,1% e 73,6% da ETo respectivamente e no Ano 2 foram as lâminas com 120,8% e 95,6% da ETo.   Keywords: evapotranspiração de referência, massa seca, BRS Estribo.           MEZZOMO, W.; PEITER, M. X.; ROBAINA, A. D.; KIRCHNER, J. H.; TORRES, R. R.; PIMENTA, B. D. FORAGE PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENCY IN THE UTILIZATION OF WATER IN SUDAN GRASS SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT IRRIGATION DEPTHS     2 ABSTRACT   Cultivated pastures are the most practical and economically viable way to feed cattle, however, in southern Brazil, during spring-summer, forage quality and availability decline due to rainfall irregularity, irrigation is required. Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf), cultivar BRS Estribo  has been outstanding in relation to the other summer grasses, however the optimal water supply is still unknown, as research diverges about the results. The objective was to evaluate the yield of Sudan grass under different depths and to determine the efficiency in the utilization of water, in two years of cultivation (2015/2016 and 2016/2017). The experiments were conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, under a randomized block design with five water depths, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of reference evapotranspiration and control treatment without irrigation, all with four repetitions. There was a statistically significant difference for the different treatments, being determined the maximum efficiency technique for dry mass production and efficiency in the utilization of water, in Year 1 the water depths were 103.1% and 73.6% of ETo respectively, and in Year 2 depths were 120.8% and 95.6% of ETo.   Keywords: reference evapotranspiration, dry mass, BRS Estribo.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Forest Fragmentation in the Atlantic Forest Bioma Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Juliana Marchesan ◽  
Rudiney Soares Pereira ◽  
Elisiane Alba ◽  
Letícia Daiane Pedrali
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
R Language

The goal of this work was to calculate landscape ecology metrics using the R language, allowing the analysis of forest fragments under the Atlantic Forest domain located in the sub-basin of Arroio Jaquirana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For the mapping of the forest fragments, we used images from the REIS/RapidEye sensor dated 2016, and the classification was supervised through the Bhattacharya algorithm. The fragments were analyzed in seven size classes, to separate them and to calculate the landscape metrics it was used R language. The results attained demonstrated that the native forest occupied 34.01% of the study area, covering a total of 1,995 fragments, of which 93.43% were less than 5 ha. The highest values of edge and perimeter-area ratio were found in the small fragments indicating a greater edge effect, with the central areas of these remnants being exposed to the external matrix effects. Thus, it is concluded that the Atlantic Forest is highly fragmented and is extremely important to establish measures to minimize the effects and/or increase the connectivity between the fragments through ecological corridors using the smaller fragments, in addition, it makes necessary the development of public policies and research for the management of the region in order to preserve the remnants.

scholarly journals Honey bee contribution to canola pollination in Southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise de Souza Rosa ◽  
Betina Blochtein ◽  
Diego Kweco Lima
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Anthophilous Insects

Although canola, (Brassica napus L.), is considered a self-pollinating crop, researchers have indicated that crop productivity increases as a result of honey bee Apis mellifera L. pollination. Given this crop's growing importance in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, this work evaluated the increase in pod and seed productivity with respect to interactions with anthophilous insects and manual pollination tests. The visiting frequency of A. mellifera was correlated with the crop's blooming progression, and productivity comparisons were made between plants visited by insects, manually pollinated plants (geitonogamy and xenogamy) and plants without pollination induction. Pod set and seed production per plant were determined for each treatment. Among the 8,624 recorded flower-visiting insects, Hymenoptera representatives were the most prevalent (92.3%), among which 99.8% were A. mellifera. The correlation between these bees and blooming progression was positive (r = 0.87; p = 0.002). Pollination induction increased seed productivity from 28.4% (autogamy) to 50.4% with insect visitations, as well as to 48.7 (geitonogamy) and to 55.1% (xenogamy) through manual pollination.

scholarly journals Cadmium concentrations in franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) from south brazilian coast

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Renato Dorneles ◽  
José Lailson-Brito ◽  
Eduardo Resende Secchi ◽  
Manuela Bassoi ◽  
Catarina Pereira Coutinho Lozinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Pontoporia Blainvillei ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Electrothermal Aas ◽  
Janeiro State

Franciscana dolphins were used as source of information on the bioavailability of cadmium in the neritic waters off South Brazilian Coast. Liver samples obtained from 44 individuals incidentally captured off Rio Grande do Sul State were analyzed by electrothermal AAS. Cadmium concentrations, age, total weight and length of the analyzed dolphins varied between 39 and 4144 µg.kg-1 (wet weight), one and five years, 17.5 and 49.2 kg, and between 105.3 and 156.8 cm, respectively. Concerning hepatic cadmium concentrations of franciscanas, there was no significant difference between data raised by the present study and information from literature, regarding Rio de Janeiro State. The low cadmium concentrations observed may be attributed to the fact that loliginid squids constitute the main cephalopod prey for franciscanas. This study corroborates investigations on cadmium levels in Brazilian squids and strengthened the hypothesis that cephalopods of Loliginidae Family do not constitute important vectors of the transfer of cadmium to cetaceans.

scholarly journals SIMULAÇÃO DE DESBASTE EM POVOAMENTO DE Hovenia dulcis MEDIANTE DENDROGRAMA DE MANEJO DE DENSIDADE

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Luiz Selle ◽  
Elisabete Vuaden ◽  
Luiz Antônio Jacques de Albernard ◽  
Evaldo Muñoz Braz
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
High Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Density Method ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regression Adjustment ◽  
Hovenia Dulcis

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estudar a densidade e simular intervenções, por meio de dendrogramas de manejo de densidade, em uma população de Hovenia dulcis localizada na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de diâmetro de copa e de fuste, coletados em três estratos: dominante, intermediário e dominado, pelo método da Densidade Pontual de Spurr, num povoamento de aproximadamente 1,3 hectares de uva do Japão com 25 anos de idade. Devido o local de coleta das informações apresentar grande variação na altura dominante, este foi dividido em Sítios I e II. Entre os estratos verificou-se que somente ocorreu diferença estatística significativa entre o estrato dominante do Sítio I e os demais de ambos os sítios. O coeficiente angular do ajuste das linhas de densidade ficaram estabelecidos, para o estrato dominante do Sítio I em -2,492 e, para os demais, em -1,085. A melhor forma de conduzir o povoamento seria aplicando um desbaste, se o mesmo fosse formado somente por árvores com dimensões semelhantes às do estrato dominante do Sítio I, e quatro intervenções se fosse constituído somente de indivíduos pertencentes aos demais estratos.Palavras-chave: Sítio; modelo de Reineke; desbaste. AbstractThinning simulation in Hovenia dulcis population trough density management dendrogram. The main objective of this study was to simulate density and interventions through density management dendrogram in a population of Hovenia dulcis located in the central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It was utilized Data from crown and stem diameters, collected in three types of tree stratum dominant, intermediate, and dominant, through the Punctual Density Method developed by Spurr, in a stand of approximately 1.3 hectares of Hovenia dulcis 25 years old were used. Due to the high variability in the trees dominant height the area was divided into two sites, I and II. The results showed that statistic significant difference was detected only between the dominant stratum of site I, and the other strata on both sites. The angular coefficients of the regression adjustment of the density lines were -2.492 for the site I dominant stratum and -1.085 for the others. It was also observed that the best way to manage the stand would be one thinning, if it was formed only by trees with similar dimensions of the dominant stratum of Site I, and four thinnings if the site was composed by individuals belonging to the other strata.Keywords: Site; Reineke model; thinning.

scholarly journals PARASITISM BY VARROA AND Nosema sp. IN BEEHIVES USED FOR APPLE TREE POLLINATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-778
Author(s):  
LUCAS DE ALMEIDA BIZOTTO ◽  
REGIS SIVORI SILVA DOS SANTOS ◽  
MARI INÊS CARISSIMI BOFF
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Natural Parasitism

ABSTRACT The apple tree depends on cross-pollination for adequate fruiting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of parasitism by Varroa destructor mites and the infection rate of Nosema sp. in hives of Apis mellifera (Linnaeus) used in pollinating services in apple orchards in the municipality of Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The study evaluated the sanitation of beehives before, during, and after apple orchard pollination. Natural parasitism by V. destructor and the presence of Nosema sp. spores were evaluated in hives from areas of forest and canola cultivation (in the 2014/2015 harvest), and from areas of forest and eucalyptus reforestation (2015/2016 harvest). In both harvests, the average rate of parasitism in the hives by V. destructor ranged from 3.0 to 6.7%. The levels of parasitism increased during the pollination period in hives from canola-cultivated areas (2014/2015 harvest), but not in those from the forest and eucalyptus reforestation areas. Spores of Nosema sp. were observed in hives in the 2014/2015 harvest but not in the 2015/2016 harvest. The levels of natural parasitism by V. destructor in A. mellifera hives used in pollination services remained low, and was within the levels reported for the southern region of Brazil. Additionally, the levels of Nosema sp. infection in the hives was low.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document