scholarly journals Control system for forced-air cooling of horticultural products

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
João C. T. R. da Silva ◽  
Bárbara J. T. Mederos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Cooling Time ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Nominal Condition ◽  
Forced Air

This work is a study of the implementation of a classical controller using a tuning method referred to as IMC (Internal Model Control) and aimed at the reduction of electrical energy consumption by the appropriate relation between energy consumption and the cooling time with forced air. The supervisory system installed was able to manipulate the variable of frequency of the signal power of the exhaust fan engine (forced air module), to accelerate or decelerate the loss of heat from the product to be cooled by airflow variation that passes through the mass of the produce. The results demonstrated a reduction in energy consumption from 64% and an increase of only 8% in the cooling time to the system using PI/IMC (Proportional - Integral with IMC) tuning method compared with the system in its operating nominal condition. This PI/IMC control may be implemented directly in a frequency converter, without the need to purchase a computer or PLC (programmable logic controller) to run the dedicated application, increasing its economical viability.

Forced-Air Diesel Locomotive Cooling: Prediction of Noise and Energy Consumption Under Realistic Operational Conditions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Knirsch ◽  
Dietmar Mandt ◽  
Uwe Mauch ◽  
Konrad Bamberger ◽  
Thomas Carolus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Diesel Locomotive ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Cooling Unit ◽  
Cooling Module ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Power Radiation

An important subsystem in most surface transport vehicles is the forced-air cooling module. Under specific operational conditions of the vehicle the cooling system is the major noise source and the component with the largest consumption of energy. A comprehensive time domain simulation model was developed for simulation of the cooling module in a Diesel locomotive under realistic operational conditions. It includes the components that produce waste heat such as the engine, the turbo transmission, the brake, etc. and the cooling module with its fans. Given the operation of the locomotive e.g. in terms of speed vs. time along a track and its load, data from experimental full scale tests agree well with predictions from the time domain model. The onset of cooling fan operation is predicted well, with it their instantaneous energy consumption and sound radiation. Three optimized cooling unit assemblies for the new locomotive Voith Gravita 15L had been developed and pre-assessed utilizing the model and eventually tested in the locomotive under realistic operational conditions. A new thermodynamically advanced cooling unit with aerodynamically and acoustically optimized fans was found superior by approx. 2 dB (A) less sound power radiation and some 30% less energy consumption as compared to the benchmark. It is anticipated that those advantages are even more distinct as the ambient temperature decreases. The work is part of the European FP7 transport research project ECOQUEST.

Graphic IMC-PID tuning based on maximum sensitivity for uncertain systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 2196-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghui Chu ◽  
Chi Xu ◽  
Jizheng Chu
Keyword(s):  
Pid Controller ◽  
Uncertain Systems ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Uncertain System ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Maximum Sensitivity ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Pid Tuning ◽  
Gain Margin ◽  
Model Control

Obtaining all feasible parameters of the proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller is the key goal in uncertain systems. This paper proposes a graphical tuning method based on an internal model control (IMC) strategy for uncertain systems with time delay. Specifically, the Kharitonov theorem is introduced first to simplify the uncertain system into 32 polynomials. Then, for each polynomial, the IMC structure is applied to reduce the tuning parameters of the PID controller in order to rapidly determine the controller parameters. Finally, the maximum sensitivity (Ms) is used to further guarantee the controlled system with a certain robustness and dynamic performance, which can portray constant gain margin and phase margin boundaries, and can even determine the range of parameters of the proposed IMC filter. Three example results from simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Energy consumption analysis of the forced-air cooling process with alternating ventilation mode for fresh horticultural produce

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 2642-2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuping Gao ◽  
Shuangquan Shao ◽  
Shen Tian ◽  
Hongbo Xu ◽  
Changqing Tian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Ventilation Mode ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Energy Consumption Analysis ◽  
Forced Air

CONTROL OF A COUPLED TANK SYSTEM USING PI CONTROLLER WITH ADVANCED CONTROL METHODS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Nai Ho ◽  
Norhaliza Abdul Wahab ◽  
Ibrahim A. Shehu ◽  
A. Alhassan ◽  
I. Albool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Gain Scheduling ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Pole Placement ◽  
Advanced Process Control ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Tank System

The liquid level control in tanks and flow control between cascaded or coupled tanks are the basic control problems exist in process industries nowadays. Liquids are to be pumped, stored or mixed in tanks for various types of chemical processes and all these require essential control and regulation of flow and liquid level. In this paper, different types of tuning methods are proposed for Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and are further improved with integration of Advanced Process Control (APC) method such as feedforward and gain scheduling to essentially control the liquid level in Tank 2 of a coupled tank system. The MATLAB/Simulink tools are used to design PI controller using pole-placement, Ciancone, Cohen Coon and modified Ziegler-Nichols tuning method with Cohen Coon tuning method found to have a better performance.  Advanced process control such as feedforward-plus-PI, Gain Scheduling (GS) based PI, Internal Model Control (IMC) based PI, feedforward-plus-GS-based PI and feedforward-plus-IMC-based PI controllers are further tested as improvement version to further compare the significance of the advanced process control outcomes hence GS-PI, improved GI-base PI-plus FF found to have better performance. The GS method is built over five operating points to approximate the system’s nonlinearity and is eventually combined with feedforward control to yield a much better performance.

scholarly journals Gain-Scheduled Equivalent-Cascade IMC Tuning Method for Water Level Control System of Nuclear Steam Generator

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1160
Author(s):  
Zuhua Xu ◽  
Qingli Fan ◽  
Jun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Level Control System ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Gain Scheduled

In this paper, a gain-scheduled equivalent-cascade internal-model-control (IMC) tuning method for water level control system of nuclear steam generator is presented. First, a water level control system for a steam generator is transferred into an equivalent cascade-feedforward control system. Second, analytical tuning rules for the equivalent cascade control system are derived based on the IMC-(proportional-integral-derivative) PID method, which can simultaneously tune the primary/secondary loops and avoid the re-identification step. Finally, gain scheduling is performed to eliminate the influence of process nonlinearity. The experimental results of nuclear simulation platform have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed tuning method.

scholarly journals PID Tuning Method Based on IMC for Inverse-Response Second-Order Plus Dead Time Processes

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duby Castellanos-Cárdenas ◽  
Fabio Castrillón ◽  
Rafael E. Vásquez ◽  
Carlos Smith
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Inverse Response ◽  
Tuning Rules

This work addresses a set of tuning rules for PID controllers based on Internal Model Control (IMC) for inverse-response second-order systems with dead time. The transfer function, and some time-response characteristics for such systems are first described. Then, the IMC-based methodology is developed by using an optimization objective function that mixes performance and robustness. A correlation that minimizes the objective function and that allows the user to compute the controller’s tuning parameter is found. The obtained expressions are mathematically simple, which facilitate their application in a ten-step systematic methodology. Finally, the proposed tuning method is compared to other well-known tuning rules that have been reported in literature, for a wide range of parameters of the process. The performance achieved with the proposed method is very good not only for disturbance rejection but for set-point tracking, when considering a wide-range of parameters of the process’ transfer function.

scholarly journals Fault Detection, Isolation, and Accommodation for LTI Systems Based on GIMC Structure

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
D. U. Campos-Delgado ◽  
E. Palacios ◽  
D. R. Espinoza-Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Multiple Faults ◽  
Simulation Evaluation ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Nominal Condition

In this contribution, an active fault-tolerant scheme that achieves fault detection, isolation, and accommodation is developed for LTI systems. Faults and perturbations are considered as additive signals that modify the state or output equations. The accommodation scheme is based on the generalized internal model control architecture recently proposed for fault-tolerant control. In order to improve the performance after a fault, the compensation is considered in two steps according with a fault detection and isolation algorithm. After a fault scenario is detected, a general fault compensator is activated. Finally, once the fault is isolated, a specific compensator is introduced. In this setup, multiple faults could be treated simultaneously since their effect is additive. Design strategies for a nominal condition and under model uncertainty are presented in the paper. In addition, performance indices are also introduced to evaluate the resulting fault-tolerant scheme for detection, isolation, and accommodation. Hard thresholds are suggested for detection and isolation purposes, meanwhile, adaptive ones are considered under model uncertainty to reduce the conservativeness. A complete simulation evaluation is carried out for a DC motor setup.

scholarly journals A Binary Distillation Column Top and Bottom Compositions Control Using Two PI Controllers Tuned with SIMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1960-1966
Author(s):  
Alina Simona Baiesu ◽  
Madalina Carbureanu
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Distillation Column ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Tuning Parameters ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Pi Controllers

The opportunity analysis of using two Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers, tuned with Skogestad�s variant of Simple Internal Model Control based (SIMC) method, for controlling the top and bottom compositions of a propylene/propane distillation column represents the paper aim. The SIMC method for PID controllers is the simplest and extremely good model in tuning procedures. Because the distillation process is nonlinear, the process model is described by a reunion of different linear models, for the different process operating ranges and, for each operating range, different sets of controllers� tuning parameters are computed using SIMC tuning method. In order to validate the experimental results a comparison is made with the case when the PI controllers are tuned using Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) method that uses the step response and process approximation exactly as Skogestad�s variant of SIMC.

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