Efficiency of water use in sunflower grown in hydroponic system under saline stress

In order to identify alternatives for the use of saline water in agricultural production, the effects of the use of brackish water in the preparation of the nutrient solution for the cultivation of sunflower (cv. EMBRAPA 122-V2000) were studied in hydroponic system on consumption and efficiency of water use for the production of achenes and biomass. A completely randomized design was used, analyzed in a 5x2 factorial scheme with three replications. The factors studied were five levels of salinity of nutrient solution (1.7 - control; 4.3; 6.0; 9.0; and 11.5dS m-1) and two plant densities - one or two plants per vessel. It was concluded that the water consumption of sunflower is a variable sensitive to the salinity of the nutrient solution, especially after the fourth week of crop, and that the efficiency of water use in the production of achenes and biomass of sunflower is greater when the plant density increases from one to two plants per vessel, even under saline stress.

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Nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants under hydroponic cultivation using brackish water

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-7054202044013320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Donato da Silva Souza ◽

Geronimo Ferreira da Silva ◽

Sirleide Maria de Menezes ◽

José Edson Florentino de Morais ◽

José Amilton Santos Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Brackish Water ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Brackish Waters ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Hydroponic Cultivation ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

Different Levels

ABSTRACT Cultivation using brackish waters can result in nutritional and metabolic imbalances in several plant species, consequently reducing the production of dry matter (DM) and accumulation of toxic ions (Na+ and/or Cl-) in plants. We evaluated the DM production, and nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants (cv. Todo Ano Evergreen - Nebuka) under different levels of nutrient solution salinity in combination with circulation frequencies of this solution. Two experiments were conducted in a hydroponic system, using a completely randomized design, in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, with five replicates: six levels of nutrient solution salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 dS m-1) and two solution circulation frequencies (twice and thrice a day). In Experiment I, the evapotranspired depth was replaced using brackish water that was used to prepare each of the salinity levels (used exclusively), whereas in Experiment II, brackish water was used only to prepare each of the salinity levels and public water was used (electrical conductivity [ECw] = 0.12 dS m-1) for replacement in all treatments. The increase in the nutrient solution salinity reduced the production of DM and accumulation of nutrients; the reductions were more pronounced when brackish waters were used exclusively (Experiment I). However, the circulation of solutions thrice a day resulted in the harmful effects of the salinity effect. Replacing the evapotranspirated blade with water supply (Experiment II) mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity. Moreover, three circulations of the nutrient solution daily resulted in lower accumulation of inorganic Na+ and Cl- solutes and increased accumulation of nutrients N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and S in the culture.

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Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus in the Development of Salicornia in Saline Water

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2019/v16i430130 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

K. A. V. Da Silva ◽

J. P. Oliveira ◽

J. G. Fernandes ◽

A. S. Messias

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Saline Water ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Salicornia Ramosissima ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Complete Nutrient Solution

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the inoculation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Claroideoglomus etunicatum on the development of Salicornia ramosissima subjected to five treatments: water, desalinator reject, reject plus one dose (7 g) of NaCl, reject plus two doses of NaCl and reject plus three doses of NaCl. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco - IPA, in a completely randomized design, with autoclaved and non-autoclaved soil, with three replications. A dose corresponding to 1.0 mL ̸ kg of Hoagland & Arnon complete nutrient solution soil was added to each well and watered daily with the corresponding treatments. In the conduction of the experiment, polyethylene vessels with 8 kg of saline soil were used. The results showed that the reject with the intermediate doses (Reject + 1NaCl and Reject + 2NaCl) was more significant for the growth (17.16 cm and 17.37 cm respectively) of Salicornia ramosissima.

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Treated domestic effluent as a source of water and nutrients in the hydroponic cultivation of ornamental sunflower

DYNA ◽

10.15446/dyna.v87n212.80839 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 (212) ◽

pp. 112-119

Author(s):

Karoline Santos Gonçalves ◽

Rogério Novaes De Souza ◽

Hans Raj Gheyi ◽

Vital Pedro da Silva Paz ◽

André Dias De Azevedo Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Low Cost ◽

Great Variability ◽

Water Control ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Commercial Grade ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Hydroponic Cultivation ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Domestic Effluent

The use of treated domestic effluent in agriculture is important not only as a source of water but also as a source of nutrients for crops. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate its use for the production of ornamental sunflower cv. ‘Anão de Jardim’ in a bench-type low cost hydroponic system, inferring on its technical feasibility and observing the possible impacts on the crop. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse adopting a completely randomized design with four treatments (T1 - nutrient solution of Furlani 100%, prepared in municipal supply water - control), T2, T3 and T4 - nutrient solution of Furlani, respectively, with 100, 75 and 50% strength, prepared in treated domestic effluent and six replicates, totalizing 24 experimental units, each consisting of 15 plants. All treatments met the nutritional requirements of the plants and presented adequate contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaf and stem at harvest leading to satisfactory plant growth and produced acceptable commercial grade chapters and stems. The plants under treatment T4 although produced chapters of commercial quality but exhibited great variability in comparison to the other treatments, therefore except this treatment any other treatment can be used for hydroponic production of ornamental sunflower utilizing treated domestic effluents.

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Heterogeneous salinity in the root system of bell pepper in greenhouse

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n8p519-524 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 519-524

Author(s):

Francisco de A. de Oliveira ◽

Rita de C. Alves ◽

Francisco M. S. Bezerra ◽

Luan A. Lima ◽

Ana S. de Medeiros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Saline Water ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Salinity Water

ABSTRACT The split-root technique was used as a strategy to reduce saline stress on pepper. A completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates was used. The treatments consisted of six saline water application strategies (T1 - salinized nutrient solution (S1 = 1.4 dS m-1) during the whole cycle; T2 - salinized nutrient solution (S2 = 4.5 dS m-1) throughout the cycle, T3 - S1 and S2 throughout the cycle, using two emitters and without splitting the root system, T4 - S1 and S2, using two emitters and splitting the root system by a plastic film, T5 - S1 and S2, using two emitters and splitting the root system, alternating the solutions every 15 days, T6 - S1 and S2, using two emitters and without splitting the root system, alternating the solutions every 15 days). Five fruit harvests were performed, and the plants were harvested at 85 days after initiation of treatments and evaluated for the following variables: leaf number, leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter (stem + leaves + fruits), root dry matter, number of fruits, fresh fruit weight and fruit production per plant. Most of the variables were reduced by the salinity of irrigation water. The highest fruit yields were obtained using low-salinity water, with the mixture of non-saline and saline waters, and alternating biweekly when the root system was split, demonstrating the viability of these three techniques.

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Effect of plant density and seed position on mother plant on physiological characteristic of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) seeds

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582014000100007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 61-68

Author(s):

A. Foroughi ◽

J. Gherekhloo ◽

F. Ghaderi-Far

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Plant Density ◽

Physiological Characteristic ◽

Mother Plant ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Seed Position ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Shade Environment ◽

Cardinal Temperatures

Experiments were conducted in 2010 to determine the influence of plant density and seed position on the mother plant on seed physiological characteristics of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium). Cocklebur burs were collected in fall of 2010 from Research Farm of University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan, Iran. The experiment was established as factorial arrangement using a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors included different densities of cocklebur (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 plant m-2) and the top and bottom parts of the canopy. Non dormant seeds were used for determining cardinal temperatures and tolerance to salinity and drought stresses. Base, optimum and ceiling germination temperatures were estimated between 7.09 to 12.33, 32 to 35 and 44 to 45 respectively in different treatments. Salinity stress up to 300 Mm and osmotic potential 8 bar inhibited the germination completely. Comparison of base temperatures and sigmoid equation coefficients showed that seeds produced in the top had higher germination than those that produced at the bottom of the mother plant. It seems plant densities through seed position on the mother plant affect seed quality. Likewise changes of light quality and quantity in shade environment increased seed dormancy in matured seeds. Shade environment affect seed germination on mother plant that increased dormancy of seeds maturing under shade be an adaptive response that reduces the probability of germination of offspring under unfavorable (shade, competitive) conditions.

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Gas exchanges and growth of cotton cultivars under water salinity

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n6p393-399 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 393-399

Author(s):

André A. R. da Silva ◽

Luana L. de S. A. Veloso ◽

Ronaldo do Nascimento ◽

Elka C. S. Nascimento ◽

Carlos V. de C. Bezerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Saline Water ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Gas Exchanges ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Response To Water

ABSTRACT Indication of salt-tolerant cotton cultivars can make the agricultural exploitation with saline water irrigation feasible in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the gas exchanges and growth of cotton cultivars irrigated with saline water. The study was conducted in pots adapted as drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, using a sandy loam Entisols as substrate. Treatments were distributed in completely randomized design, in 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, relative to five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 dS m-1) and two cotton cultivars (BRS 368 RF and BRS Safira). Increase in irrigation water salinity inhibits the vegetative growth and gas exchanges of the cotton cultivars BRS Safira and BRS 368 RF. Leaf area and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency are the most affected variables. Physiological and growth performance of the cultivar BRS Safira in response to water salinity was higher than that of BRS 368 RF.

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The different response of sugarcane genotypes in multiple stress

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542018425020718 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 527-539

Author(s):

Francisco Bruno Ferreira de Sousa ◽

Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽

Sabrina da Silva Nascimento

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Mineral Nutrients ◽

High Concentration ◽

Greenhouse Condition ◽

Tolerance Level ◽

Productivity Losses ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Different Response ◽

Complete Nutrient Solution

ABSTRACT Research focused on identify abiotic stress-tolerant genotypes is highly desirable since their use may reduce costs of soil and crop management and productivity losses. The aim of this study was to determine the behavior of 24 sugarcane genotypes under high levels of Al3+ and Mn2+ associated with low availability of mineral nutrients. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse condition in a 24 × 2 factorial scheme (24 genotypes × 2 treatments: with and without stress), and four replications in completely randomized design. In the treatment without stress plants were grown in a complete nutrient solution whereas in the treatment with stress a nutrient solution with a high acidity (4.0 ± 0.1) and 5% of its original concentration, as well as a high concentration of aluminum (60 mg L-1) and manganese (700 mg L-1) was used. The genotypes RB966928, RB855443, IACSP96-3060, SP81-3250, RB867515, CTC 21, RB965902, and IAC91-1099 had their biometric characteristics less affected by the stress, possibly due to the ability to continue the process of cell division and elongation and to maintain meristematic viable regions, hence they were considered as the most tolerant. On the other hand, the genotypes RB965917, CTC 15, CTC17, RB855536, CTC 2, CTC 20, and CTC99-1906 were the most sensitive to stress. Root system was the most affected by stress, with most genotypes showing more than 70% reduction in root biomass. No relationship was observed between tolerance level of genotypes and the maturation cycles.

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Silicon Potential as Attenuator of Salinity Effects on Growth and Post-harvest Quality of Lettuce

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n7p455 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 455

Author(s):

Hozano De Souza Lemos Neto ◽

Marcelo De Almeida Guimarães ◽

Rosilene Oliveira Mesquita ◽

Italo Marlone Gomes Sampaio ◽

Ana Régia Alves de Araújo Hendges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Silicon (Si) is a mineral element that provides many benefits to plants and may also assist in tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salinity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of Si as a possible attenuator of the deleterious effects of salinity on growth and post-harvest of lettuce. A completely randomized design with four replicates was performed in a 3 × 2 factorial, consisting of three salinity levels (1.65, 3.65, 7.65 dS m-1) and two levels of silicon (0.0 and 2.0 mM). Salinity reduced all variables related to plant growth. For shoot fresh and dry mass, it was observed that NaCl caused a reduction of 79.80 and 80%, respectively, in comparison to the control. However, parameters related to post-harvest such as titratable acidity, soluble solids and vitamin C increased with salinity. Although not effective in reducing saline stress on plant growth, Si provided improvements in the variables related to lettuce post-harvest. Salinity significantly reduced plant growth in the presence and absence of Si, but provided better post-harvest quality with Si.

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Water relations of chives in function of salinity and circulation frequency of nutrient solutions

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n5p359-365 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 359-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fernando J. da Silva Júnior ◽

José A. Santos Júnior ◽

Manassés M. da Silva ◽

Ênio F. de F. e Silva ◽

Edivan R. de Souza

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Content ◽

Water Use ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Saline Water ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Supply Water

ABSTRACT Hydroponic cultivation using saline waters is an alternative for agricultural production, especially in the cultivation of vegetables. Therefore, the present work was conducted with the objective of evaluating the water consumption, water use efficiency and water content, as well as dry matter partitioning of chives (Allium schoenoprasum), cv. Todo Ano Evergreen – Nebuka exposed to six levels of nutrient solution salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5 and 9.0 dS m-1), applied at two circulation frequencies (twice a day at 8 and 16 h; and three times a day - at 8, 12 and 16 h). The level in the nutrient solution reservoir, which decreased according to the water consumption by plants, was replaced with the respective saline water (Experiment I) and supply water (Experiment II). Both experiments used a completely randomized design, in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with five replicates. It was observed that increased circulation frequency and the use of supply water in the replacement mitigated the effects of salinity on water consumption, water use efficiency and water content in the plant. However, with the increase in nutrient solution electrical conductivity, dry matter allocation in the roots increased, to the detriment of the shoots.

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