scholarly journals Equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) due to fumonisins B1 and B2 in Argentina

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Giannitti ◽  
Santiago Sain Diab ◽  
Ana Maria Pacin ◽  
Maria Barrandeguy ◽  
Carlos Larrere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Abundant Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Corn Kernels

In August 2007 an outbreak of neurological disease and sudden death in Arabian horses occurred in a farm located in Coronel Rosales County, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The animals were on a pasture of native grasses and supplemented ad libitum with corn kernels and wheat bran. Three horses were observed having acute neurologic signs including blindness, four leg ataxia, hyperexcitability, aimless walking and circling, followed by death in two of them. Four other horses were found dead overnight without a history of neurologic signs. The morbidity, mortality and lethality rates were 11.6%, 10% and 85.7%, respectively. Grossly, the brain showed focal areas of hemorrhage, brown-yellow discoloration and softening of the sub-cortical white matter. The microscopic brain lesions consisted of extensive areas of malacia within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem and cerebellum, characterized by rarefaction of the white matter with cavitations filled with proteinaceous edema, multifocal hemorrhages and mild infiltration by neutrophils, and rare eosinophils. Swollen glial cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, distinct cell borders, intracytoplasmic deeply eosinophilic globules and eccentric, hyperchromatic, occasionally pyknotic nucleus were present throughout the areas of rarefaction hemorrhage, edema and necrosis. The feed supplements contained 12,490µg/kg of fumonisin B1 and 5,251µg/ kg of fumonisin B2. This is the first reported outbreak of ELEM associated with consumption of feed supplements containing high concentrations of fumonisins in Argentina.

scholarly journals Leukoencephalomalacia in horses associated with immature corn consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Vargas Zillig Echenique ◽  
Pablo Estima-Silva ◽  
Daniela Brayer Pereira ◽  
Lucas Santos Marques ◽  
Luiza Soares Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Column Method ◽  
Reproductive Phase ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
Abundant Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
In The Beginning

ABSTRACT: Horse leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) is a disease caused by the ingestion of mycotoxins (fumonisins) produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium that infect corn and/or its byproducts. This disease has been described by ingestion of mature corn with humidity above 15% at temperatures below 20°C. The aim of this paper was to report an outbreak of leukoencephalomalacia in horses fed with immature corn. Two horses out of three showed neurological signs approximately seven days after eating immature corn in its reproductive phase (R2, milky grains). Corn was harvested and administered directly to the animals, with no storage. Deaths occurred approximately 24 hours after the onset of clinical signs. Grossly, there were multifocal dark red to brown areas in the white matter of the telencephalon and hyppocampus and thalamus. Histologically, there was edema and hemorrhage in several areas of the telencephalon white matter, which corresponded to dark red to brown areas observed in the macroscopy. There was also foci of malacia with presence of reactive astrocytes with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and inflammatory cells. Diffuse capillary wall degeneration and endothelial cell swelling were also observed. Two ppm of fumonisin were detected by immunoaffinity column method (VICAM) in the immature corn sample. The water activity in this cereal, when the grain is still milky, is 0.98 and can predispose it to growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi. In the present case, fumonisin was found in milky grains in the beginning of the reproductive phase (R2), which suggested that even immature corn may be infected by Fusarium spp. and should not be administered to horses.

scholarly journals Pediatric Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Horseshoe Kidney: A Case Report with Review of the Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Abelardo Loya-Solis ◽  
Lucía Alemán-Meza ◽  
Luis Carlos Canales-Martínez ◽  
Rodolfo Franco-Márquez ◽  
Alim Adriana Rincón-Bahena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Horseshoe Kidney ◽  
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Tumors ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
Abundant Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the kidney in adults. In children, however, it only accounts for an estimated 1.8 to 6.3% of all pediatric malignant renal tumors. Papillary renal cell carcinoma is the second most common type of renal cell carcinoma in children. We present the case of a 12-year-old boy with a 2-month history of abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, and gross hematuria. Computed tomography revealed a horseshoe kidney and a well-defined mass of 4 cm arising from the lower pole of the right kidney. Microscopically the tumor was composed of papillae covered with cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and high-grade nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry was performed; EMA, Vimentin, and AMACR were strongly positive while CK7, CD10, RCC antigen, TFE3, HMB-45, and WT-1 were negative. Currently, 10 months after the surgical procedure, the patient remains clinically and radiologically disease-free.

scholarly journals Sustained Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier with Progressive Accumulation of White Matter Hyperintensities Following Ischemic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imama Naqvi ◽  
Emi Hitomi ◽  
Richard Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Iv Tpa

Objective: To report a patient in whom an acute ischemic stroke precipitated chronic blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and expansion of vascular white matter hyperintensities (WMH) into regions of normal appearing white matter (NAWM) during the following year. Background: WMH are a common finding in patients with vascular risk factors such as a history of stroke. The pathophysiology of WMH is not fully understood; however, there is growing evidence to suggest that the development of WMH may be preceded by the BBB disruption in the NAWM. Methods: We studied a patient enrolled in the National Institutes of Health Natural History of Stroke Study who was scanned with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after presenting to the emergency room with an acute stroke. After a treatment with IV tPA, she underwent further MRI scanning at 2 h, 24 h, 5 days, 30 days, 90 days, 6 months, and 1-year post stroke. BBB permeability images were generated from the perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) source images. MRIs from each time point were co-registered to track changes in BBB disruption and WMH over time. Results: An 84-year-old woman presented after acute onset right hemiparesis, right-sided numbness and aphasia with an initial NIHSS of 13. MRI showed diffusion restriction in the left frontal lobe and decreased blood flow on perfusion imaging. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging showed bilateral confluent WMH involving the deep white matter and periventricular regions. She was treated with IV tPA without complication and her NIHSS improved initially to 3 and ultimately to 0. Permeability maps identified multiple regions of chronic BBB disruption remote from the acute stroke, predominantly spanning the junction of WMH and NAWM. The severity of BBB disruption was greatest at 24 h after the stroke but persisted on subsequent MRI scans. Progression of WMH into NAWM over the year of observation was detected bilaterally but was most dramatic in the regions adjacent to the initial stroke. Conclusions: WMH-associated BBB disruption may be exacerbated by an acute stroke, even in the contralateral hemisphere, and can persist for months after the initial event. Transformation of NAWM to WMH may be evident in areas of BBB disruption within a year after the stroke. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between chronic BBB disruption and progressive WMH in patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease and the potential for acute stroke to trigger or exacerbate the process leading to the development of WMH.

scholarly journals A history of previous childbirths is linked to women's white matter brain age in midlife and older age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Voldsbekk ◽  
Claudia Barth ◽  
Ivan I. Maximov ◽  
Tobias Kaufmann ◽  
Dani Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Older Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brain Age

scholarly journals White matter integrity and functional connectivity in adolescents with a parental history of substance use disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 100037
Author(s):  
Xiaofu He ◽  
Diana V. Rodriguez-Moreno ◽  
Yael M. Cycowicz ◽  
Keely Cheslack-Postava ◽  
Huilan Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Parental History ◽  
History Of

Malignant Melanoma Presenting as an Intrathymic Tumor

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
P. M. Alli ◽  
B. J. Crain ◽  
R. Heitmiller ◽  
P. Argani
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
S 100 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Solitary Metastases ◽  
Physical Findings ◽  
Pleomorphic Cells

Abstract The identification of malignant melanoma in a visceral organ of nonepidermal origin is not an uncommon occurrence. Frequently, these cases are solitary metastases that present years after a thin epidermal melanoma has been diagnosed (and sometimes forgotten). However, primary visceral melanomas have been reported that have not been preceded by an epidermal lesion. We describe herein a unique case of melanoma presenting as a primary intrathymic tumor. The patient had no previous history of epidermal melanoma, and extensive workup did not reveal evidence for an alternative primary site. The tumor exhibited histologic features characteristic of melanoma, including an abundance of large pleomorphic cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli, and occasional intranuclear inclusions. Tumor cells stained for HMB-45 and S-100 protein and ultrastructural analysis revealed stage II and stage III melanosomes. The patient remained free of disease until intrathoracic recurrence was detected on a computed tomographic scan 14 months later. The lack of clinical history and physical findings of melanoma at presentation, the intrathymic location of the tumor, and the pattern of recurrence suggest that this case likely represents a primary thymic melanoma, a previously unreported entity.

Abstract TP201: The Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Diseases and the Presence of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kana Ueki ◽  
Asako Nakamura ◽  
Masahiro Yasaka ◽  
Takahiro Kuwashiro ◽  
Seiji Gotoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
White Matter Lesion ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs) i.e. white matter lesion and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are related to the patients with stroke more deeply than those without. In general population, in addition to age, hypertension, diabetes chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is well known to be related to SVDs, but it remains unclear in patients with stroke. We investigated the relationship between CKD and the presence of SVDs in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: We enrolled 493 patients with acute ischemic stroke patients or transient ischemic attack patients (mean age 71; 60% male) who had undergone 1.5T MR imaging within a week of the index events from April 2013 to march 2015. We evaluated kidney function by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with the modification of diet in Renal Disease. CKD was defined as an eGFR less than 60mil/min/1.73m 2 . CMBs were defined as focal areas of very low signal intensity smaller than 10mm. White matter lesion as Periventricular hyper intensity (PVH)>grade 2 and Deep and Subcortical White Matter Hyper intensity (DSWMH)> grade 2 were defied as advanced PVH and advanced DSWMH, respectively. We investigated relationship between CKD and CMBs, advanced PVH and advanced DSWMH using a logistic regression analysis. Results: We noted CMBs in 173 patients (35%), PVH in 81 (16%), and DSWMH in 151 (31%). An univariate analysis revealed that the age, CKD, history of stroke, and antiplatelet agents were associated with presence of CMBs, advanced PVH and severe DSWMH . The multivariate analysis revealed that CMBs, advanced PVH and advanced DSWMH were associated with age (CMBs: odds ratio(OR) ; 1.32 ; 95% confidence interval(CI), 1.10-1.60, p=0.004, advanced PVH : OR ; 3.00 ; 95% CI, 2.17-4.26, p<0.01, advanced DSWMH: OR ; 1.94; 95% CI, 1.56-2.45, p<0.01 ), history of stroke(CMBs : OR ; 2.01 ; 95% CI, 1.21-3.34, p=0.007, advanced PVH : OR ; 2.25 ; 95% CI, 1.18-4.27, p=0.01, advanced DSWMH: OR ; 1.78 ; 95% CI, 1.03-3.06, p=0.038). CKD was associated with CMBs (OR ; 1.62 ; 95% CI, 1.04-2.52, p=0.03), but PVH and DSWMH were not. Conclusions: It seems that age and history of stroke are related to CMBs, advanced PVH and advanced DSWMH, and that CKD is associates with CMBs but not with either advanced PVH or advanced DSWMH.

scholarly journals Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 735-739
Author(s):  
Dejan Kostic ◽  
Biljana Brkic-Georgievski ◽  
Aleksandar Jovanovski ◽  
Smiljana Kostic ◽  
Drazen Ivetic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
The Brain

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by the following symptoms: seizures, impaired consciousness and/or vision, vomiting, nausea, and focal neurological signs. Diagnostic imaging includes examination by magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT), where brain edema is visualized bi-laterally and symmetrically, predominantly posteriorly, parietally, and occipitally. Case report. We presented a 73-year-old patient with the years-long medical history of hipertension and renal insufficiency, who developed PRES with the symptomatology of the rear cranium. CT and MR verified changes in the white matter involving all lobes on both sides of the brain. After a two-week treatment (antihypertensive, hypolipemic and rehydration therapy) clinical improvement with no complications occurred, with complete resolution of changes in the white matter observed on CT and MR. Conclusion. PRES is a reversible syndrome in which the symptoms withdraw after several days to several weeks if early diagnosis is made and appropriate treatment started without delay.

scholarly journals Brain Injury and Mental Health Among the Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: A Case-Series Exploratory Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnur Karakurt ◽  
Kathleen Whiting ◽  
Stephen E. Jones ◽  
Mark J. Lowe ◽  
Stephen M. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
History Of

Intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors frequently report face, head, and neck as their injury site. Many mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are undiagnosed or underreported among IPV survivors while these injuries may be linked to changes in brain function or pathology. TBI sustained due to IPV often occurs over time and ranges in severity. The aim of this case-series study was to explore risk factors, symptoms, and brain changes unique to survivors of intimate partner violence with suspicion of TBI. This case-series exploratory study examines the potential relationships among IPV, mental health issues, and TBI. Participants of this study included six women: 3 women with a history of IPV without any experience of concussive blunt force to the head, and 3 women with a history of IPV with concussive head trauma. Participants completed 7T MRI of the brain, self-report psychological questionnaires regarding their mental health, relationships, and IPV, and the Structured Clinical Interview. MRI scans were analyzed for cerebral hemorrhage, white matter disturbance, and cortical thinning. Results indicated significant differences in resting-state connectivity among survivors of partner violence as well as differences in relationship dynamics and mental health symptoms. White matter hyperintensities are also observed among the survivors. Developing guidelines and recommendations for TBI-risk screening, referrals, and appropriate service provision is crucial for the effective treatment of TBI-associated IPV. Early and accurate characterization of TBI in survivors of IPV may relieve certain neuropsychological consequences.

Response of some vegetable crops to soil-applied halides

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sheppard ◽  
W. G. Evenden
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Competitive Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Industrial Pollutants ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Corn Kernels ◽  
Key Words Fluoride

The halide elements are environmentally important and share some common attributes. The heaviest, I, and the lighest, F, are quite toxic and are important industrial pollutants. They are also effectively retained in soils. The others, Cl and Br, can be accumulated to high concentrations in plants, are used in agriculture and are highly mobile in soils. This study investigated the behaviour of the halides in plots, outdoor lysimeters, and laboratory sorption and excised-root experiments. Sorption on soil was ordered as F > I > Br > Cl. Concentrations in plants were generally ordered as CI ≥ Br > > F ≥ I, the inverse of the sorption ordering, as expected. Older tissues, which were also closest to the soil surface, had higher concentrations, and sequestered tissues, such as corn kernels and cabbage heads, had lower concentrations. There was evidence of competitive interaction among the halides and with soil anions such as phosphate and sulfate. This competition reduced the toxicity of I and modified tissue concentrations of the halides, P and S. Another interesting interaction was an increase in Cl and I sorption on soil solids when there were elevated levels or the other halides. Overall, the study of the halides in combination enhanced our understanding of their individual behaviours. Key words: Fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, vegetable

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