Babesiosis and anaplasmosis in dairy cattle in Northeastern Brazil

The goal of this study was to characterize the epidemiological situation and the factors involved in the prevalence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle in the dairy basin of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. The study was conducted in 22 farms, and collected blood samples from 202 cattle to study serological, molecular and determination of the packed cell volume (PCV). On the farms were applied surveys involving epidemiological aspects. Seroprevalence rates were: Babesia bigemina 52.5%, B. bovis 68.8%, and Anaplasma marginale 89.1%. Of the samples analyzed, 73.3% were reactive for Babesia spp. and A. marginale, showing co-infection. In PCR, B. bigemina and B. bovis were positive in 52.0% and 33.2% respectively, and A. marginale in 76.2%. Of these, 51.5% amplified DNA of Babesia spp. and A. marginale. The semi-intensive management predominated in 68.0% of the farms studied. The clinical history of babesiosis and anaplasmosis, was reported from 73% of the farms. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between age groups and for the PCV of positive compared with negative animals. The study indicates that in this region is enzootic instability for babesiosis and enzootic stability for anaplasmosis, reinforcing the fact that in Brazil there are areas of enzootic instability, even in tropical regions of the country. The PCR technique was a valuable tool for the diagnosis of these diseases and may be used to characterize a geographic region.

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Dynamics of natural infection by Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in dairy cattle from an enzootic instability area in Northeastern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612018008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 2-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francisco de Assis Leite Souza ◽

Alexandra de Siqueira Cajado Liarte ◽

Karina Neoob de Carvalho Castro ◽

Eduardo Esmeraldo Augusto Beserra ◽

Jéssica Cristianne Mazer Bernardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Babesia Bovis ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Babesia Bigemina ◽

Significant Difference ◽

On Farm ◽

Babesia Spp

Abstract This study aimed to determine the dynamics of natural infection in the transmission of Babesia spp. to cattle in an enzootic instability area in Northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 30 calves located on two dairy farms to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) and the timing of the primo-infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and their association with climatic factors and management practices. On Farm A, the determination of primo-infection was observed on average at 249.4 (±24.42) days of age for B. bigemina and at 252.6 (±17.07) days of age for B. bovis; there was no significant difference between the times of infection (P> 0.05). The infection coincided with a period of high rainfall in the region. On Farm B, primo-infection infection was not observed. There was no infection by Babesia spp. on Farm B due to the intensive use of acaricides that led to an absence of ticks. There was no significant difference between the average PCV of animals from Farms A and B (P> 0.05). The management practices on the properties, in addition to the weather conditions influenced the exposure of the animals to disease vectors and may have contributed to the maintenance of this enzootic area in Northeastern Brazil.

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The Determination of the Intellectual Equipment Is Imperative: Mental Hygiene, Problem Children, and the History of the Provincial Child Guidance Clinic of British Columbia, 1932–1958

Historical Studies in Education / Revue d'histoire de l'éducation ◽

10.32316/hse-rhe.v31i2.4632 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 48-78

Author(s):

Gerald Thomson

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Mental Hygiene ◽

Clinical History ◽

Child Guidance Clinic ◽

Social Service Agencies ◽

Guidance Clinic ◽

Child Guidance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of

The founding in 1932 of British Columbia’s provincial Child Guidance Clinic by Dr. A. L. Crease of Essondale Mental Hospital was seen as a medically progressive measure in the preventive work to stem mental ailments in children and prevent future adult mental illness. The clinic’s history and the influence of mental hygiene on early twentieth-century medical, educational, and social service agencies in BC that dealt with so-called “problem children” has received limited scholarly attention. This paper argues that the mental hygiene agenda was cultivated by psychiatrists working at mental asylums, teachers of “subnormal” children, child welfare advocates, and university-trained social workers, all of whom increasingly shaped child-saving policy in British Columbia. However, from its beginnings, the British Columbia provincial Child Guidance Clinic had an unstable clinical history and it was completely reorganized in 1946 and subsequently closed in 1958. The clinic’s history stood in stark contrast to Alberta’s child guidance clinics, which applied a rigid mental hygiene policy of eugenic sterilization until the early 1970s. This significant difference indicates the need for other detailed microhistories of child psychiatry and child guidance clinics across Canada.

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Anaphylactic Death: A New Forensic Workflow for Diagnosis

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9020117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Massimiliano Esposito ◽

Angelo Montana ◽

Aldo Liberto ◽

Veronica Filetti ◽

Nunzio Di Nunno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical History ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Mean Value ◽

Laryngeal Edema ◽

Tryptase Level ◽

Antibody Staining ◽

Life Threatening ◽

History Of ◽

Immunohistochemical Techniques

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening or fatal clinical emergency characterized by rapid onset, and death may be sudden. The margin of certainty about the diagnosis of anaphylactic death is not well established. The application of immunohistochemical techniques combined with the evaluation of blood tryptase concentrations opened up a new field of investigation into anaphylactic death. The present study investigated eleven autopsy cases of anaphylactic death, carried out between 2005 and 2017, by the Departments of Forensic Pathology of the Universities of Foggia and Catania (Italy). An analysis of the medical records was carried out in all autopsies. Seven autopsies were carried out on males and four on females. Of the eleven cases, one showed a history of asthma, one of food ingestion, two of oral administration of medications, six did not refer any allergy history, and one subject was unknown. All cases (100%) showed pulmonary congestion and edema; 7/11 (64%) of the cases had pharyngeal/laryngeal edema and mucus plugging in the airway; only one case (9%) had a skin reaction that was found during external examination. Serum tryptase concentration was measured in ten cases, and the mean value was 133.5 µg/L ± 177.9. The immunohistochemical examination using an anti-tryptase antibody on samples from the lungs, pharynx/larynx, and skin site of medication injection showed that all cases (100%) were strongly immunopositive for anti-tryptase antibody staining on lung samples; three cases (30%) were strongly immunopositive for anti-tryptase antibody staining on pharyngeal/laryngeal samples; and eight cases (80%) were strongly immunopositive for anti-tryptase antibody staining on skin samples. We conclude that a typical clinical history, blood tryptase level >40 µg/L, and strongly positive anti-tryptase antibody staining in the immunohistochemical investigation may represent reliable parameters in the determination of anaphylactic death with the accuracy needed for forensic purposes.

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Histopathological findings in horses with and without clinical signs of rhabdomyolysis with special reference to polysaccharide storage myopathy

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/1970-vetmed ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 660-667 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Ludvikova ◽

I.D. Wijnberg ◽

P. Fictum ◽

Z. Lukas ◽

J.H. van der Kolk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Size Variation ◽

Clinical History ◽

Histopathological Findings ◽

Exertional Rhabdomyolysis ◽

Fibre Size ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy ◽

History Of

Objective of the study was to assess histopathological changes in horses with a clinical history of exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) with special reference to polysaccharide storage myopathy and to compare histopathological findings in horses with and without a clinical history of ER. In total 39 muscle samples were collected, from horses with a history of repeated episodes of exertional rhabdomyolysis (test group, 10 horses) and from horses without clinical signs of muscular disorders in their history (control group, 29 horses). Frozen muscle samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff with and without amylase digestion. Histopathologic changes (amylase resistant polysaccharide, subsarcolemmal glycogen, intracytoplasmic masses, subsarcolemmal vacuoles, fibre size variation and internal nuclei) were evaluated. There was a statistically significant difference between groups in the presence of subsarcolemmal amylase sensitive glycogen deposits (P ≤ 0.0001), the risk ratio was 5.22. Statistically significant differences between groups were not found regarding the presence of intracytoplasmic masses, subsarcolemmal vacuoles, amylase resistant polysaccharide, fibre size variation and internal nuclei. Presence of amylase resistant polysaccharide within muscle fibres of apparently healthy horses could be a manifestation of different phenotype expression of PSSM but also the insufficient specificity of this diagnostic criterion.

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Coccidiosis in goats: Pathological observations on intestinal developmental stages and anticoccidial efficacy of amprolim

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3471 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sukhmeet Kaur ◽

L.D. Singla ◽

B. S Sandhu ◽

M. S. Bal ◽

P. Kaur

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Age Groups ◽

Eimeria Species ◽

General Weakness ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Coprological Examination ◽

History Of ◽

Coccidial Infection ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Papillary Hyperplasia

In an outbreak of coccidiosis at a goat farm having 200 animals of different age groups (0-3 months, 4-6 months and 7-9 months), kept under stall fed conditions, mortality of 2 kids aged 2-3 months in a span of 2-3 days was seen. The kids were having a history of severe diarrhoea, anorexia and general weakness. Standard qualitative and quantitative coprological examination of randomly collected faecal samples from 60 goats of different age groups revealed that 58 (96.66%) were infected with coccidian oocysts. Among positive samples, 25(43.10%) were heavily infected (OPG=5000-1,23,000), 22(37.93%) had a moderate (OPG=1000-5000) and 11(18.96%) had a mild (OPG=100-1000) infection. Significant difference (P less than 0.05) observed in the mean OPG between the 3 age categories with highest infection in kids with the age group of less than or equal to 3 months,followed by 4-6 months and 7-9 months. Mixed infection of five Eimeria species, namely E. arloingi, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. christenseni, E. hirci and E. alijevi was seen and E. arloingi was most predominant species among them. Systematic necropsies of naturally died kids of coccidial infection revealed small whitish non-pedunculated nodules in the small intestine. Histopathologically, these nodules revealed papillary hyperplasia of the mucosal epithelium with mild to moderate inflammatory reaction with the presence of developmental stages of Eimeria including trophozoites, schizonts, microgamonts, macrogamonts and oocysts in the epithelium of affected intestinal villi and crypts. The affected animals were successfully treated with amprolium @ dose rate of 2g/40kg body weight. Significant reduction in the oocysts count (P less than 0.01) 7 days post treatment 610.52±201.17 was seen compared to pre treatment values (10685.96±3128.22).

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Astigmatic change after pterygium excision with autologous limbal conjunctival graft

Journal of Kathmandu Medical College ◽

10.3126/jkmc.v9i1.33518 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Dikchhya Sharma ◽

Gunjan Prasai ◽

Om Krishna Malla

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

College Teaching ◽

Corneal Astigmatism ◽

P Value ◽

Ocular Surgery ◽

Medical College ◽

Corneal Scarring ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Pterygium Excision

Background: Pterygium induces a significant amount of astigmatism. Pterygium excision with conjunctival limbal autograft results in significant reduction in astigmatism by inducing a reversal of pterygium induced corneal flattening thereby improving the vision. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of corneal astigmatism in patients with pterygium before and one month (4 weeks) after surgery. Methodology: The prospective observational study was conducted in 31 patients who underwent pterygium excision with limbal autograft in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital during the study period of 12 months duration. Patients with recurrent pterygium, pseudopterygium, history of ocular trauma, history of ocular surgery, corneal scarring were excluded from the study. After surgery, patients were followed for four weeks. Findings were recorded in the proforma and statistical analysis was done in SPSS version 19. Results: Pterygium was seen in all age groups with majority being in the active age range of 41-50 yrs. Females were most commonly affected. Significant difference in corneal astigmatism was noted postoperatively with a p value being 0.01. Conclusion: The technique of pterygium excision with limbal conjunctival autograft not only reduces the chances of recurrence but also helps in reducing the induced corneal astigmatism which is responsible for decreased vision in patients with pterygium.

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Branched-Chain Keto-Acids and Pyruvate in Blood: Measurement by HPLC with Fluorimetric Detection and Changes in Older Subjects

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/46.6.848 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 848-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Karine Pailla ◽

Françoise Blonde-Cynober ◽

Christian Aussel ◽

Jean-Pascal De Bandt ◽

Luc Cynober

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Age Groups ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Fluorometric Detection ◽

Institutionalized Elderly ◽

Keto Acids ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Branched Chain Keto Acids

Abstract Background: Measurement of keto-acids is important in various clinical situations. The aim of the present work was to develop a rapid HPLC method for the determination of keto-acids in human serum and to assess the concentrations of these acids in young adults and institutionalized elderly adults. This method was applied to the determination of blood keto-acid concentrations of young adults and institutionalized elderly people, divided into age groups Methods: Four keto-acids (α-ketoisocaproate, α-ketoisovalerate, α-keto-β-methylvalerate, and pyruvate) were derivatized with o-phenylenediamine to give fluorescent derivatives. After the sample preparation step (75 min to prepare 20 samples), the derivatives were separated chromatographically on a reversed-phase column using a binary gradient. Results: The fluorometric detection of the four keto-acids was rapid, <12 min. The method is repeatable and reproducible: the CVs were <6% and <11%, respectively, for each of the keto-acids. We found no significant difference between males and females. Concentrations of the branched-chain keto-acids decreased after age 60 years, especially α-ketoisocaproate, which decreased ∼40%. Conclusions: The proposed method allows rapid and reliable measurement of keto-acids. The data demonstrate that changes in branched-chain keto-acids concentrations in serum occur with age.

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Sarcomas Arising in Paget Disease of Bone: A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 70 Cases

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2007-131-942-saipdo ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 131 (6) ◽

pp. 942-946 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andrea T. Deyrup ◽

Anthony G. Montag ◽

Carrie Y. Inwards ◽

Zhiheng Xu ◽

Ronald G. Swee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Complication ◽

Clinical History ◽

Axial Skeleton ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Paget Disease Of Bone ◽

Paget Disease ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Age Range

Abstract Context.—Sarcomatous transformation is a rare complication of Paget disease of bone. Prognosis in patients with other types of sarcomas arising in bone has improved in the last several decades because of therapeutic advances. However, because of the rarity of Paget sarcoma, outcome studies in these patients are limited. Objective.—To determine whether prognosis for Paget sarcoma has improved. Design.—Seventy cases of sarcomas arising in the setting of Paget disease were collected, and the histologic and clinical findings were reviewed. Clinical follow-up was obtained in 67 cases. Results.—Sarcoma arising in Paget disease tended to arise in older men (46 men, 24 women; age range, 31–88 years; mean age, 66 years) and predominated in the axial skeleton (n = 37), especially in the pelvis. Thirty-three patients had a clinical history of Paget disease ranging in duration from 16 months to 30 years (mean, 15 years). No significant difference in incidence between monostotic (n = 33) and polyostotic (n = 36) disease was noted. Most tumors were osteosarcomas (88%). All tumors were high grade. Follow-up information was obtained in 67 of 70 cases (range of follow-up, 1–252 months). Survival ranged from 1 month to 20 years, with a 5-year survival rate of 10%. Conclusions.—Prognosis remains poor in patients with Paget sarcoma. There is no significant correlation between the number of bones involved with Paget disease or the duration of disease and development of Paget sarcoma. Poor prognosis in Paget sarcoma is unrelated to site or stage at presentation.

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Comparison of Weight-Bearing and Non-Weight-Bearing Conditions on Knee Joint Reposition Sense

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.6.4.327 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 327-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michael J. Higgins ◽

David H. Perrin

Keyword(s):

Weight Bearing ◽

Previous History ◽

Chain Condition ◽

Position Sense ◽

Joint Position Sense ◽

Open Chain ◽

Closed Chain ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of

In this study, joint reposition sense of the knee in a non-weight-bearing (NWB) state and that in a weight-bearing (WB) state were compared, and it was determined whether a significant relationship existed between knee displacement (KD) and joint reposition sense. The dominant knees of 8 male and 12 female subjects (age 19–26 years, M ±SD= 21.5 ± 2.06) who had no previous history of knee dysfunction were tested for accuracy of angular reproduction in the WB and NWB states. There was a significant difference in the accuracy of angular repositioning between the two conditions, with the WB test having less deviation from the predetermined angle. There was a weak relationship between KD and the ability to reproduce specific angles of the knee. These results suggest that the WB or closed chain state of the knee was more accurate in the determination of joint position sense than the NWB or open chain condition.

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Assessment of Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases and Arterial Stiffness in Women of Different Ages

The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine ◽

10.20514/2226-6704-2020-0-2-139-147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 139-147

Author(s):

O. S. Ivanova ◽

E. Y. Maychuk ◽

I. V. Voevodina

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Age Groups ◽

Aortic Pressure ◽

Central Aortic Pressure ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Comprehensive Study

Objective: A comprehensive study of the prevalence and structure of risk factors (RF) of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the daily dynamics of central aortic pressure and arterial stiffness in healthy women of different age groups.Materials and methods: the study involved 161 women aged 18 to 65 years with one or more CVD RF. All volunteers underwent a survey, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring with determination of arterial stiffness and daily dynamics of central aortic pressure, determination of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and vascular stiffness by volume sphygmography.Results: the examined were divided into 3 groups: 1 group of 52 women of young age from 18 to 30 years (23.8 Ѓ} 5.3 years); 2 group of 54 women from 31 years before the onset of menopause (41 Ѓ} 5.9 years); group 3 — 54 women in the postmenopausal period (55.4 Ѓ} 5.8 years). High prevalence of modifiable CVD RF among women of various ages was revealed: smoking, non-compliance with dietary recommendations, lack of physical activity. Obstetric and gynecological pathologies prevail in younger age groups. In group 1 the studied parameters correspond to normal in most parameters. Significant differences in central and peripheral pressure, arterial stiffness indicators, with the exception of cfPWV, were identified in group 2 in comparison with young women. A comparative analysis of groups 2 and 3 showed a significant difference and worsening of indicators characterizing the degree of development of arterial stiffness, the contribution of the reflected wave and the associated dysfunction of the left ventricle.Conclusion: a comprehensive study of arterial stiffness allows you to identify subclinical changes in the vascular wall and evaluate their progression in women of different age groups.

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