Provitamin a activity of Brazilian carrots: leaves and roots, raw and cooked and their chemical composition

ABSTRACT Wild mustard plant (Sinapis arvensis), Brassicaceae, is a wild vegetable found in forest area, domestic orchards and it is consumed by rural population. This study aimed to evaluate chemical composition (moisture, total dietary fiber, lipids, proteins, ash, carbohydrates and total energetic value), concentration of carotenoids, vitamins (C and E) and minerals (K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Na, Cr, Se and Mo) and the contribution by this vegetable to the recommendations of daily consumption of nutrients for adult individuals. Concentrations of provitamin A (252.21 RAE/100 g), Se (0.04 mg/100 g) and Fe (5.91 mg/100 g) stood out, in which this vegetable was considered as an excellent source for these nutrients. In addition, wild mustard was considered a good source of K (435.65 mg/100 g), Ca (123.25 mg/100 g) and Mn (0.40 mg/100 g) and source of Total Dietary Fiber (TDF) (3.20 mg/100 g), Mg (26.82 mg/100 g) and Cu (0.07 mg/100 g). Wild mustard stood out as source, good source or excellent source of the evaluated nutrients, and they may contribute to reduce nutritional deficiency of those nutrients in the populations living in the region where this vegetable occurs.

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Variations in the Chemical Composition of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Leaves and Roots As Affected by Genotypic and Environmental Variation

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf2047288 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (19) ◽

pp. 4946-4956 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Anna Elizabeth Burns ◽

Roslyn Margaret Gleadow ◽

Anabela M. Zacarias ◽

Constantino Estevão Cuambe ◽

Rebecca Elizabeth Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Environmental Variation ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Leaves And Roots

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The influence of cultivar and plant age on the chemical composition of field-grown cassava leaves and roots

Qualitas Plantarum ◽

10.1007/bf01092126 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 109-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Guillermo G�mez ◽

Mauricio Valdivieso ◽

Amy T. Noma

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Age ◽

Cassava Leaves ◽

Leaves And Roots

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Effect of light intensity on chemical composition and essential oil content in Piper aduncum L. leaves and roots

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0032-1320355 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (11) ◽

Author(s):

MI Ferreira ◽

GG Gonçalves ◽

AB Ferreira ◽

L Haber ◽

MOM Marques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

Piper Aduncum ◽

Effect Of Light

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Evaluation of Volatile Constituents of Cochlospermum angolense

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200700522 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200700

Author(s):

Michele Leonardi ◽

Silvia Giovanelli ◽

Pier Luigi Cioni ◽

Guido Flamini ◽

Luisa Pistelli

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Volatile Profiles ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

First Time ◽

Root Essential Oil

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and roots of Cochlospermum angolense (Welw) growing wild in Angola was analyzed for the first time by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The investigation led to the identification of 67 and 130 compounds from the leaves and roots, respectively. Both oils were strongly characterized by the presence of sesquiterpenoids (68.8% in the leaves and 53.2% in the roots), while monoterpenoids were present in minor percentages (9.8% in the leaves and 26.2% in the root). The main constituents of the leaves were germacrene D (9.4%), α-cadinol (7.4%) and 10- epi-cubenol (6.2%), while the most abundant compounds in the root essential oil were the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene (19.7%) and isoborneol (6.6%). The analysis by HS-SPME of the roots, leaves, fruits and seeds were also reported for the first time. Different volatile profiles were detected.

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Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Essential Oils from Zanthoxylum dissitum Leaves and Roots against Three Species of Storage Pests

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules20057990 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 7990-7999 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Cheng-Fang Wang ◽

Kai Yang ◽

Chun-Xue You ◽

Wen-Juan Zhang ◽

Shan-Shan Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Insecticidal Activity ◽

Storage Pests ◽

Leaves And Roots

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Evaluation of Quality and Acceptability of Snack (Kokoro) Produced From Synthetic Provitamin A Maize (Zea mays) Genotypes

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2020.576217 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Omololami Tolulope Akinsola ◽

Emmanuel Oladeji Alamu ◽

Bolanle Omolara Otegbayo ◽

Abebe Menkir ◽

Busie Maziya-Dixon

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Age Groups ◽

Provitamin A ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Percentage Contribution ◽

Unit Operations ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Daily Allowance ◽

Β Carotene

Kokoro from provitamin A (PVA) maize genotypes, produced through conventional breeding, was studied to improve the indigenous white maize-based snack deficient in provitamin A carotenoid commonly consumed in South-western Nigeria. The chemical composition, carotenoid retention, and acceptability of Kokoro from three PVA maize genotypes and one landrace yellow maize variety (control) were estimated. Chemical composition showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in parameters with high crude fat content (23.21–32.11%). The sensory evaluation result revealed that Kokoro from DT STR SYN2-Y (control) was the most acceptable, while among the PVA Kokoro, PVA SYN HGBC1 was acceptable. The pre-processing for the estimated carotenoids (μg g−1); lutein, zeaxanthin, total β-carotene, and PVA in maize genotypes ranged from 10.38 to 12.87, 6.03 to 10.97, 3.83 to 6.18, and 5.96 to 8.43, while after processing to Kokoro, total β-carotene ranged from 1.47 to 3.10 μg g−1 and total PVA content 2.43–4.00 μg g−1. The carotenoid retention in Kokoro from PVA maize genotypes ranged from zeaxanthin 5.89–8.39%; lutein 2.74–4.45%; total β-carotene 38.24–66.14%, and total PVA 37.98–67.05%. Degradation of carotenoid was observed due to the unit operations in the processing method that led to the exposure of the food matrix to direct sunlight, heat, light, metals, and oxygen resulting in the formation of cis-isomers and loss of provitamin A quantity. The maize genotype PVASYNHGBC0 had the highest PVA value and carotenoid retention after processing. The study observed that PVA retention of Kokoro was genotype-dependent, and genotype PVASYNHGBC0 (Provitamin A maize HGA cycle zero) retained the highest carotenoid content. Also, PVASYNHGBC0 (for all the servings' size; 100 and 150 g) in all age groups had the highest percentage contribution of vitamin A to the recommended daily allowance. However, further improvement in the carotenoid content of maize genotypes is needed to enable the production of nutritious Kokoro with higher vitamin A percentage contribution and retinol equivalent.

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Anti Inflammatory and Anti Viral Effects of Potassium (K) and Chemical Composition of Moringa

Asian Journal of Biology ◽

10.9734/ajob/2020/v9i230081 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ignat Ignatov

Keyword(s):

Spectral Analysis ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

The Body ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Organic Form ◽

Northwestern India ◽

Used Oil ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

Moringa Oil

Moringa grows in parts of Africa and Asia and is a flowering plant from herb to tree. There are 13 types of Moringa. It is growing in the Himalayas in northwestern India. In Africa, it grows in Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Ghana, Nigeria and more. For capsules, leaves and roots are used. Oil is used for nuts. Moringa in the research was from Thailand. The colors of flowers were white and yellow. Moringa is characterized by high levels of potassium (K). Patients with COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus have a decrease in potassium levels in the body. In 2017, the author makes a spectral analysis of Moringa oil (Ignatov, 2017). The analysis justifies the application of Moringa for coronaviruses. The great advantage of Moringa is that potassium and the chemical compounds are in organic form and are well absorbed by the body.

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