scholarly journals Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju on banana stalk and Bahia grass based substrates

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix G de Siqueira ◽  
Emerson T Martos ◽  
Romildo da Silva ◽  
Eustáquio S Dias
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Pleurotus Sajor Caju ◽  
Bahia Grass ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cultivation Substrate ◽  
Protein Rich

Banana stalks and Bahia grass were utilized as basic starting materials for the production of the mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju. Banana stalks were combined with other waste or supplement products (wheat bran, coast-cross hay, bean straw and cotton textile mill) to obtain different nitrogen concentrations. Since Bahia grass is relatively rich in protein, it was combined with other substrates (banana stalk, coast-cross hay and bean straw) to maintain a substrate nitrogen concentration of about 1.5%. Banana stalks and Bahia grass were both more efficient in the production of the mushroom P. sajor-caju when utilized without the addition of other substrates, with biological efficiencies of 74.4% and 74.12%, respectively. When combined with other substrates or grasses, there was a drop in biological efficiency, independent of the concentration of nitrogen. Furthermore, the addition of protein-rich waste to banana stalks resulted in a decrease or absence of fructification, which indicates that high concentrations of nitrogen in the cultivation substrate may hinder the cultivation of this mushroom. On the other hand, results reveal that the ideal concentration of nitrogen may depend on other physicochemical factors and these factors may determine the success in cultivating P. sajor-caju. Therefore, we conclude that P. sajor-caju may be cultivated on banana stalk and Bahia grass as pure substrates, not being necessary their supplementation or combine them with another substrates.

scholarly journals Mycelial biomass cultivation of Lentinus crinitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itaruã Machri Colla ◽  
Olavo Bilac Quaresma de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Janyeli Dorini Silva de Freitas ◽  
Míria Benetati Delgado Bertéli ◽  
Giani Andrea Linde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Mycelial Biomass ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Lentinus crinitus is a medicinal basidiomycete, little studied regarding the basic cultivation conditions, which is used in bioremediation and consumed by native Indians from the Brazilian Amazon. Also, it produces a fungal secondary metabolite panepoxydone that has been described as an essential regulator of the inflammatory and immune response. This study aimed to evaluate basic conditions of temperature, pH, and nitrogen concentration and source in the cultivation of L. crinitus mycelial biomass. In order to evaluate fungal growth temperature, 2% malt extract agar (MEA) medium, pH 5.5, was utilized from 19 to 40 °C. For pH, MEA had pH adjusted from 2 to 11 and cultivated at 28 °C. Urea or soybean meal was added to MEA to obtain final concentration from 0.5 and 16 g/L of nitrogen, pH of 5.5, cultivated at 28 °C. The best temperature growth varies from 31 to 34 ºC and the optimal one is 32.7º C, and the best pH ranges from 4.5 to 6.5 and the optimal one is 6.1. Protein or non-protein nitrogen concentration is inversely proportional to the mycelial biomass growth. Nitrogen concentrations of 2.0 g/L soybean meal and urea inhibit mycelial biomass growth in 11% and 12%, respectively, but high concentrations of 16.0 g/L nitrogen inhibit the growth in 46% and 95%, respectively. The fungus is robust and grows under extreme conditions of temperature and pH, but smaller adaptation with increasing nitrogen concentrations in the cultivation medium, mainly non-protein nitrogen.

Factors affecting vegetative growth and the production of perithecia in culture by Ophiobolus graminis. I. Variations in media and age of mycelium

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Weste
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

Perithecia were readily produced in culture on a suitable solid medium under certain conditions of light and temperature, once vegetative growth was established. Investigations into the carbon and nitrogen requirements for both vegetative growth and fruiting showed that, whereas vegetative growth increased with increasing carbon supplies up to10%, reproduction occurred only within a restricted range of carbon and nitrogen concentrations. No perithecia were produced on a starvation medium. Factors involved in fruiting included concentration of nutrients and the balance between them; both were important. A suitable fruiting medium required a minimum carbon concentration of 3000 p.p.m., supplied as 0.75 % glucose or fructose, and an optimum carbon concentration of 6000 p.p.m. supplied as 1.5 % glucose or fructose. The maximum number of perithecia was produced on a medium containing 1% glucose and 0.2 % asparagine (400 p.p.m. nitrogen), which had a carbonlnitrogen ratio of 11.8. A higher than optimum nitrogen concentration was partially offset by increasing the carbon concentration, that is by keeping the carbonlnitrogen ratio approximately constant. The actual concentrations inhibiting and promoting fruiting of the fungus were influenced by the balance between carbon and nitrogen supplies. High concentrations of carbon and nitrogen increased vegetative growth but decreased the number of perithecia. There was no sudden inhibition of perithecia with increased carbon concentrations, but at 10% glucose (40,000 p.p.m. carbon) vegetative growth and pigmentation were maximal but few or no perithecia developed. No evidence was obtained that perithecial production was influenced by ageing of the mycelium, the presence of staling factors, or exhaustion of food supplies.

Effect of seed weight, and seed phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations on the early growth of wheat seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
DGDe Marco ◽  
Marco DG De
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
P Content ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Wheat seeds of uniform weight selected from 3 batches of seed with phosphorus (P) concentrations of 0.14, 0.17 and 0.19% were sown in soil with a range of applied P treatments. Seedling emergence was more rapid the higher the seed P. By 25 days after sowing all plants grown at the highest concentration of applied P were similar in size, but with lower applied P, plants from seed with higher P concentrations had an advantage. A range of weight classes was selected from 2 batches of seed raised at low or high concentrations of P. There were 11 groups ranging in mean seed weight from 28 to 58 mg and in seed P from 0.13 to 0.37%. Seedlings from the high P batch had larger first leaves, a higher dry weight, and longer roots than those from the low P batch when grown in a highly P-deficient sand culture system. Within each batch, heavier seeds produced larger leaves, heavier plants and longer roots. The yield differences between batches were largely accounted for if the seed P content (�g P/seed) was considered rather than either percentage P or seed weight alone. Differences in seed nitrogen concentration or content did not consistently account for differences in seedling growth.

scholarly journals Fortifikasi senyawa selenium pada jamur tiram coklat (Pleurotus pulmonarius dan Pleurotus sajor-caju)

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firda DIMAWARNITA ◽  
Yora FARAMITA ◽  
. TRI-PANJI
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
Pleurotus Sajor Caju ◽  
High Concentrations

Selenium (Se) is one of the most important micronutrients needed for human health. However, the content of Se compound in animals and plants isrelativelysmallin order to meet recommended intakes of Se. Therefore, Se fortification in food source, such as mushroom, is needed. In this study, fortification was carried out by adding sodium selenite to the growth media (the mixture of sawdust and OPEFB) of brown oyster mushrooms included Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus sajor-caju, in various concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 ppm. The results showed that the highest absorption of Se in P. pulmonarius and P. sojur caju (3.51 and 2.31 %, respectively) obtained from 200 ppm sodium selenite addition. High concentrations of sodium selenite in baglog media tend to inhibit mycellium growth and the production of mushroom fruiting body. The additions of 200 ppm sodium selenite in baglog media of P. pulmonarius and P. sajor-caju were the best treatment in term of the fastest mycelium coverage in 40 and 37 days with the highest biological efficiency ratio (BER) value of 18.80 and 17.89 %, respectively.Layu Senyawa selenium (Se) merupakan salah satu mikronutrien terpenting yang harus dipenuhi kebutuhannya dalam tubuh. Akan tetapi, kandungan senyawa Se pada hewan dan tumbuhan sangat kecil untuk memenuhi kebutuhan asupan Se yang dianjurkan. Oleh karena itu, fortifikasi Se pada sumber pangan seperti pada jamur diperlukan. Dalam penelitian ini, fortifikasi dilakukan dengan menambahkan sodium selenit ke dalam media pertumbuhan (campuran serbuk gergaji dan TKKS) jamur tiram coklat, yaitu Pleurotus pulmonarius dan Pleurotus sajor-caju dengan berbagai konsentrasi,diantaranya: 100, 200, 300, dan 400 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyerapan Se tertinggi pada P. pulmonarius dan P. sojurcaju yaitu masing-masingsebesar 3,51 dan 2,31% diperoleh dari penambahan sodium selenit 200 ppm. Konsentrasi sodium selenit yang tinggi pada media baglog cenderung menghambat pertumbuhan miselium dan produksi tubuh buah jamur. Penambahan sodium selenit sebanyak 200 ppm pada media baglog P. pulmonarius dan P. sajor-caju merupakan perlakuan terbaik ditinjau dari waktu tercepat pertumbuhan miselium jamur menutupi media dalam baglog, yaitu masing-masing 40 dan 37 hari dengan nilai biological efficiency ratio (BER) tertinggi, yaitu 18,80 dan 17,89 % secara berurutan.

Nitrogen cycling in a Venezuelan tropical seasonally flooded forest: soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrios E. ◽  
Herrera R.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Flooded Forest ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Minimum Stress ◽  
Seasonally Flooded

ABSTRACTSeasonally flooded forests represent a transition between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The Mapire river, a tributary of the Orinoco river, floods its surrounding forests during the wet season (May–December). The soils are very acid and the total nitrogen concentration (0.1%) is only half that found in nearby soils flooded by Orinoco waters. Ammonium-nitrogen predominates in the soil during the flooded period while nitrate-nitrogen concentrations are higher in the dry period. Wide fluctuations in the inorganic nitrogen fractions did not considerably affect the annual course of soil nitrogen.The predominance of mineralization versus nitrification (56 and 5 μgsoil month−1respectively) and possibly the synchronization of nitrogen availability with plant demand could be considered as nitrogen conserving mechanisms.In synchrony with the hydrologic cycle, the seasonally flooded forest studied shows a nitrogencycle where inputs and accumulation are maximized when the system is under minimum stress (dry season). During flooding, the system enters a period of dormancy making minimal use of nutrient and energy to avoid or tolerate anaerobiosis.

scholarly journals The Fitness Advantage of Commercial Wine Yeasts in Relation to the Nitrogen Concentration, Temperature, and Ethanol Content under Microvinification Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 704-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estéfani García-Ríos ◽  
Alicia Gutiérrez ◽  
Zoel Salvadó ◽  
Francisco Noé Arroyo-López ◽  
José Manuel Guillamon
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Wine Yeast ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Wine Yeasts ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Industrial Strains ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

ABSTRACTThe effect of the main environmental factors governing wine fermentation on the fitness of industrial yeast strains has barely received attention. In this study, we used the concept of fitness advantage to measure how increasing nitrogen concentrations (0 to 200 mg N/liter), ethanol (0 to 20%), and temperature (4 to 45°C) affects competition among four commercial wine yeast strains (PDM, ARM, RVA, and TTA). We used a mathematical approach to model the hypothetical time needed for the control strain (PDM) to out-compete the other three strains in a theoretical mixed population. The theoretical values obtained were subsequently verified by competitive mixed fermentations in both synthetic and natural musts, which showed a good fit between the theoretical and experimental data. Specifically, the data show that the increase in nitrogen concentration and temperature values improved the fitness advantage of the PDM strain, whereas the presence of ethanol significantly reduced its competitiveness. However, the RVA strain proved to be the most competitive yeast for the three enological parameters assayed. The study of the fitness of these industrial strains is of paramount interest for the wine industry, which uses them as starters of their fermentations. Here, we propose a very simple method to model the fitness advantage, which allows the prediction of the competitiveness of one strain with respect to different abiotic factors.

scholarly journals Nitrogen for growth of stock plants and production of strawberry runner tips

Bragantia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djeimi Isabel Janisch ◽  
Jerônimo Luiz Andriolo ◽  
Vinícius Toso ◽  
Kamila Gabriele Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Jéssica Maronez de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Crown Roots

The objective of this research was to determine growth and dry matter partitioning among organs of strawberry stock plants under five Nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution and its effects on emission and growth of runner tips. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, from September 2010 to March 2011, in a soilless system with Oso Grande and Camino Real cultivars. Nitrogen concentrations of 5.12, 7.6, 10.12 (control), 12.62 and 15.12 mmol L-1 in the nutrient solution were studied in a 5x2 factorial randomised experimental design. All runner tips bearing at least one expanded leaf (patent requested) were collected weekly and counted during the growth period. The number of leaves, dry matter (DM) of leaves, crown and root, specific leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) was determined at the final harvest. Increasing N concentration in the nutrient solution from 5.12 to 15.12 mmol L-1 reduces growth of crown, roots and LAI of strawberry stock plants but did not affect emission and growth of runner tips. It was concluded that for the commercial production of plug plants the optimal nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution should be 5.12 mmol L-1.

Seasonal fluctuations in river bacteria as measured by multivariate statistical analysis of continuous cultures

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 959-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R. Bell ◽  
Maxine A. Holder-Franklin ◽  
Mervyn Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Forty-eight continuous culture enrichments were performed on summer and winter water samples from two contrasting rivers. The cell output from each chemostat was dependant on the temperature and nitrogen concentration of each enrichment. The diversity of the populations from the continuous cultures, as assessed by species diversity analysis, was always greater than populations obtained on agar plates. However, the species isolated exclusively by continuous culture in these experiments were not unique to the chemostat. All of these species had been isolated at some time on plates directly. High nitrogen concentrations were found to decrease diversity. Populations sampled during the winter were influenced primarily by the concentration of nitrogen. Summer isolates were affected mainly by the temperature of the culture medium. The nutritional versatility of the population was not affected by enrichment of the continuous culture.

scholarly journals Comparison of the nest materials of Polistes Gallicus (L.), Polistes dominulus (Christ) and Polistes nimpha (Christ) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nil Bagriaçik
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Polistes Dominulus ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Nest Materials ◽  
Physical Features

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the nest materials and some physical features and elemental composition of the nests of Polistes gallicus (L.), Polistes dominulus (Christ) and Polistes nimpha (Christ) collected in similar ecological conditions. The nest architectures of the three species were similar. In the P. gallicus nest, the average thickness of the fibers was 5.73 ?m, the nitrogen concentration was 26.14%, and percentages of the fibers and saliva were 77% and 23%, respectively. In the P. dominulus nest, the average thickness of the fibers was 8.7 ?m, and the nitrogen concentration was 27.42%; the percentages of fiber and saliva were 78% and 22%, respectively. In the P. nimpha nest, the average thickness of the fibers was 9.04 ?m, the nitrogen concentration was 25.82%, and the percentages of the fiber and saliva were 42% and 58%, respectively. There were differences in the amount of saliva and nitrogen concentrations.

THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN ELEMENTS, WITH EMPHASIS ON NITROGEN, ON THE PRODUCTION OF PERITHECIA OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS (CKE.) WINT.

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nitrate Salts ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Various elements were tested for their effect on the formation of perithecia of Venturia inaequalis. Apart from nitrogen the elements tested had little effect on the formation of perithecia except at relatively high concentrations. Perithecia did not form in media containing low concentrations of nitrogen and this was influenced by the source of nitrogen and by the cation present in nitrate salts. Perithecial initials developed in higher nitrogen concentrations than perithecia. Nitrogen added 9 weeks after mating of two lines of the fungus prevented the formation of perithecia.Results were difficult to reproduce in a potato-dextrose apple leaf decoction medium but reproducible results were obtained in a synthetic medium.

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