Thermal requirements and estimates of the annual number of generations of Lobiopa insularis on strawberry crop

ABSTRACT Lobiopa insularis is one of the main pests of strawberry crop, causing direct damage to fruit, making them unfeasible for consumption and commercialization. This study aimed to estimate, under laboratory conditions, base temperature and thermal requirements of the eggs, larvae, pupae and the biological cycle (from egg to adult) of L. insularis. Insects were reared on artificial diet based on strawberry fruits, at temperatures of 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31°C, using air-conditioned chambers (70±10% R.H.; 12 h photophase). The number of annual generations of L. insularis was estimated for eight municipalities belonging to the main strawberry growing regions in Brazil, considering base temperature and thermal constant. Development time of L. insularis was proportional to the temperature increase. The best development rate was obtained when insects were reared at 22 and 25ºC. Based on thermal requirements of L. insularis, the number of annual generations was estimated between 5 and 7 per year, according to the studied region.

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Thermal requirements of Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari: Dermanyssidae)

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612008000200002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

Edna Clara Tucci ◽

Angelo P. do Prado ◽

Raquel Pires de Araújo

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Regression Equation ◽

Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽

Thermal Constant ◽

Base Temperature ◽

São Paulo ◽

Determination Coefficient ◽

Thermal Requirements

The thermal requirements for development of Dermanyssus gallinae were studied under laboratory conditions at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, a 12h photoperiod and 60-85% RH. The thermal requirements for D. gallinae were as follows. Preoviposition: base temperature 3.4ºC, thermal constant (k) 562.85 degree-hours, determination coefficient (R²) 0.59, regression equation: Y= -0.006035 + 0.001777 x. Egg: base temperature 10.60ºC, thermal constant (k) 689.65 degree-hours, determination coefficient (R²) 0.94, regression equation: Y= -0.015367 + 0.001450 x. Larva: base temperature 9.82ºC, thermal constant (k) 464.91 degree-hours, determination coefficient R² 0.87, regression equation: Y= -0.021123+0.002151 x. Protonymph: base temperature 10.17ºC, thermal constant (k) 504.49 degree-hours, determination coefficient (R²) 0.90, regression equation: Y= -0.020152 + 0.001982 x. Deutonymph: base temperature 11.80ºC, thermal constant (k) 501.11 degree-hours, determination coefficient (R²) 0.99, regression equation: Y= -0.023555 + 0.001996 x. The results obtained showed that 15 to 42 generations of Dermanyssus gallinae may occur during the year in the State of São Paulo, as estimated based on isotherm charts. Dermanyssus gallinae may develop continually in the State of São Paulo, with a population decrease in the winter. There were differences between the developmental stages of D. gallinae in relation to thermal requirements.

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Phenology and thermal requirements of the species Cyperus difformis L. in southern Brazil

Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascibiolsci.v43i1.47560 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e47560

Author(s):

Higor Modesto Garlet Voss ◽

Otávio dos Santos Escobar ◽

Vinicius Severo Trivisiol ◽

Mariane Peripolli ◽

Maicon Pivetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Water Depth ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Base Temperature ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Biological Cycle ◽

Thermal Requirements ◽

Cyperus Difformis ◽

Santa Maria

Cyperus difformis L. is a Cyperaceae, annual, of natural occurrence in marshy environments in southern Brazil, considered a weed in irrigated rice crops. Studies on its development are scarce, especially regarding its cycle and thermal requirements. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the base temperature, the thermal sum and the duration of the different sub-periods of the biological cycle of the species. The experiment was carried out at the Campus of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, in four sowing seasons. In a completely delineated design and factorial scheme involving five soil water conditions (water depth and 50% soil water retention capacity [WRC]) from the sowing, water depth and 50% WRC introduced 21 days after emergence and 100% WRC during the whole cycle, with six repetitions each. Each experimental unit consisted of a cultivated in pot plant with 11 L capacity filled with soil. The cycle of the plants was subdivided into the sowing-emergence sub-periods, emergence-emission of the floral tassel and emission of the floral-maturing physiological tassel, being estimated the thermal requirements for the species. The conditions of the soil water condition the base temperature, the sum of the degree-days and the duration of the species cycle. The base temperature varies for each treatment, the sum of degrees-day decreases with the water deficit and the plants under flood accelerate the biological cycle.

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Thermal Requirements of Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hym.: Encyrtidae) and Telenomus podisi (Hym.: Platygastridae) Parasitizing Euschistus heros Eggs (Hem.: Pentatomidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12100924 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 924

Author(s):

Valeria Freitas Chaves ◽

Fabricio Fagundes Pereira ◽

Jorge Braz Torres ◽

Ivana Fernandes da Silva ◽

Patrik Luiz Pastori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Factors ◽

Thermal Constant ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Base Temperature ◽

Thermal Requirements ◽

Euschistus Heros ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Telenomus Podisi ◽

And Behavior ◽

Number Of Individuals

Temperature is one of the abiotic factors that strongly influences the biology and behavior of insects. In this study, we assessed the development of egg parasitoids Ooencyrtus submetallicus and Telenomus podisi parasitizing Euschistus heros eggs at different temperatures, and estimated the average number of generations for seven representative soybean-producing regions in Brazil. A comparative biology study was conducted, where the percentage of parasitism and emergence, life cycle duration (egg–adult), and longevity were found to be similar between O. submetallicus and T. podisi. The sex ratio and the number of individuals emerged from parasitized egg were higher in O. submetallicus in all regions. In the study of thermal requirements, temperatures of 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 33 °C were tested. O. submetallicus and T. podisi developed at temperatures between 16 and 31 °C. The base temperature (Tb) for O. submetallicus and T. podisi was 9.3 and 6.7 °C, respectively; the thermal constant (K) was 336.9 and 272.7 degree-days, respectively. The estimated average number of annual generations of both parasitoids was higher than the host. O. submetallicus and T. podisi have the same ability to parasitize and develop in eggs of E. heros under the conditions studied. Both parasitoids exhibited satisfactory development and parasitism at temperatures between 19 and 31 °C. The development of both parasitoids was faster than their host, and the number of generations was higher for the seven studied localities.

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Creation and Validation of a Temperature-Based Phenology Model for Meloidogyne incognita on Common Bean

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Ariadna Giné ◽

Patricia Monfort ◽

Francisco Javier Sorribas

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Egg Production ◽

Thermal Constant ◽

Base Temperature ◽

Degree Days ◽

Thermal Requirements ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Phenology Model ◽

Accumulated Degree Days

The thermal requirements of Meloidogyne incognita on Phaseolus vulgaris in a set of constant soil temperatures were determined and the phenology model was validated at fluctuating soil temperatures. The base temperature (Tb) and the thermal constant (S) from nematode inoculation to females starting to lay eggs were 11.3 °C and 323 accumulated degree days (DD), respectively; Tb = 10.5 °C and S = 147 DD from egg production to emergence of juveniles; and Tb = 11.1 °C and S = 476 DD for life cycle completion. At fluctuating soil temperatures in pots with the minimum lower than Tb and the maximum higher than To (optimal temperature), the DD calculation was carried out by the average daily temperature–Tb (ADTb) and the single sine method over Tb (SSTb) with horizontal, intermediate, and vertical cutoffs. The most accurate were the ADTb and the SSTb with horizontal and intermediate cutoffs (93–106% of the predicted value) but the vertical underestimated the accumulated DD (75–82% of the predicted value). When fluctuating soil temperatures were between Tb and To in a plastic greenhouse, only the ADTb method was used. Life cycle completion was observed around 465 DD (accuracy between 0.95 and 0.99) at four different transplanting dates.

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Biology and thermal requirements of Utetheisa ornatrix (L.) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) reared on artificial diet

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132008000400001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 447-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

André Gustavo Corrêa Signoretti ◽

Dori Edson Nava ◽

José Maurício Simões Bento ◽

José Roberto Postali Parra

Keyword(s):

Artificial Diet ◽

Development Stage ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Lower Threshold ◽

Biological Cycle ◽

Utetheisa Ornatrix ◽

Thermal Requirements ◽

Paulo State ◽

Threshold Temperatures ◽

Thermal Constants

A study on the biology of Utetheisa ornatrix reared on the artificial diet, was conducted to determine the thermal requirements in each development stage. The aim was to find out the thermal regions in the São Paulo state where the pest could develop on Crotalaria spp. The insects were reared on an artificial diet based on the white beans and yeast. U. ornatrix thermal requirements were tested at 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30, and 32ºC 70±20% RH, and 14-h photophase. Lower threshold temperatures (TT) and thermal constants (K) for the egg, larval and pupal stages were 12.7ºC and 51.2 GDD, 13.5ºC and 290.9 GDD, 13.8ºC and 108.4 GDD, respectively; TT and K values for the biological cycle were 13.8ºC and 436.3 GDD.

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Effect of Temperature on the Development and Survival of Feltiella Acarisuga (Vallot) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Preying on Tetranychus Urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12060508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 508

Author(s):

Yong-Seok Choi ◽

Sung-Hoon Baek ◽

Min-Jung Kim

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Gall Midge ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Immature Stage ◽

Development Rate ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Thermal Constant ◽

Fundamental Information ◽

Threshold Temperatures ◽

Response To Temperature

The predatory gall midge, Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is an acarivorous species that mainly feeds on spider mites (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Because of its cosmopolitan distribution and predation efficacy, it is considered an important natural enemy available as a biological agent for augmentative biocontrol. However, despite its practical use, the thermal development and survival response to temperature have not yet been fully studied. In this study, we investigated the stage-specific development and survival of F. acarisuga at seven temperatures (11.5, 15.7, 19.8, 23.4, 27.7, 31.9, and 35.4 °C) to examine the effect of temperature on its lifecycle. All developmental stages could develop at 11.5–31.9 °C, but the performance was different according to the temperature. From the linear development rate models, the lower development threshold and thermal constant of the total immature stage were estimated at 8.2 °C and 200 DD, respectively. The potential optimal and upper threshold temperatures for the total immature stage were estimated as 29.3 and 35.1 °C using a non-linear development model. The operative thermal ranges for development and survival at 80% of the maximum rate were 24.5–32.3 and 14.7–28.7 °C, respectively. Thus, it was suggested that 24.5–28.7 °C was suitable for the total immature stage. In contrast, conditions around 8 °C and 35 °C should be avoided due to the lower development rate and high mortality. Our findings provide fundamental information for an effective mass-rearing and releasing program of F. acarisuga in an augmentative biocontrol program and help to predict phenology.

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Thermal requirements and estimated number of generations of Neopamera bilobata (Say) in strawberry-producing regions of Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20170212 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Taciana Melissa de Azevedo Kuhn ◽

Alci Enimar Loeck ◽

Marcos Botton

Keyword(s):

Adult Stage ◽

Thermal Constant ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Degree Days ◽

Climate Chamber ◽

Thermal Threshold ◽

Developmental Threshold ◽

Thermal Requirements ◽

Developmental Thresholds ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT: The thermal threshold and thermal requirements of Neopamera bilobata were determined, and the number of generations that this species may produce in the main strawberry-producing regions of Brazil was estimated. In a climate chamber (70±10% RH and 12h photophase) at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, or 30±1°C, the development of 120 eggs was monitored until the adult stage, at each temperature. Nymphs were maintained in individual cages and fed on strawberry fruits of the cultivar Aromas. The mean duration and viability of the egg and nymph stages were calculated by estimating the lower and upper developmental thresholds and the thermal constant, and this information was used to estimate the number of generations per year in different strawberry-producing regions of Brazil. The egg-to-adult duration decreased as temperatures increased, up to 28°C (93.4, 83.2, 43.9, and 31.4 days at 19, 22, 25, and 28°C, respectively). Viability of nymphs was highest between 22 and 28°C. At 30°C, the egg-to-adult duration increased (36 days), while the viability decreased (11.11%). The lower egg-to-adult developmental threshold was 15.2°C and the thermal constant was 418.4 degree-days. Calculating the number of generations indicated that the largest number (5.1 generations yr-1) was obtained for the municipality of Jaboti, Paraná, and the smallest for Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul (1.9 generations yr-1). Our findings demonstrated that important strawberry-producing regions in Brazil are suitable for the development of N. bilobata.

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Platynota rostrana (Walker) (Tortricidae) and Phidotricha erigens Raganot (Pyralidae): artificial diet effects on biological cycle

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842006000600010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 1037-1043 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. E. Nava ◽

P. Fortes ◽

D. G. de Oliveira ◽

F. T. Vieira ◽

T. M. Ibelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Diet ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

São Paulo ◽

Biological Cycle ◽

Paulo State ◽

Citrus Groves ◽

Fertility Cycle ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Female Longevity

The lepidopterans Platynota rostrana (Walker) (Tortricidae) and Phidotricha erigens Raganot (Pyralidae) have been found frequently in citrus groves in São Paulo State in recent years. Since in Brazil, the fertility cycle of these two species is largely unknown, as are details of the damage wrought by them in crops, this research studied these aspects of the two species, which were kept under laboratory conditions (temperature 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% RH, 14 h photophase) and on an artificial diet. The duration of the biological cycle (egg-adult) for P. rostrana was 38.3 days and total viability was 44.0%; for P. erigens these values were 32.5 days and 63.6%, respectively. Both species showed five larval instars. Females of P. rostrana laid an average of 308 eggs, whereas those of P. erigens laid an average of 106 eggs. In both species, female pupae were heavier than males. Male and female longevity for both species was nearly 10 days. Based on the data obtained, the artificial diet produced better results in P. rostrana than in P. erigens. If these species, which have the potential to reach pest status in the citrus groves of São Paulo State, could be reared on an artificial diet, research on their control by alternative methods would be easier.

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Modeling germination of smallflower umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis L.) seeds from rice fields in California across suboptimal temperatures

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2019.52 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 733-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rafael M. Pedroso ◽

Durval Dourado Neto ◽

Ricardo Victoria Filho ◽

Albert J. Fischer ◽

Kassim Al-Khatib

Keyword(s):

Growth Models ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Control Measures ◽

Thermal Time ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Base Temperature ◽

Probit Regression ◽

Time Model ◽

Thermal Requirements ◽

Thermal Time Model

AbstractSmallflower umbrella sedge is a prolific C3 weed commonly found in rice fields in 47 countries. The increasing infestation of herbicide-resistant smallflower umbrella sedge populations threatens rice production. Our objectives for this study were to characterize thermal requirements for germination of smallflower umbrella sedge seeds from rice fields in California and to parameterize a population thermal-time model for smallflower umbrella sedge germination. Because the use of modeling techniques is hampered by the lack of thermal-time model parameters for smallflower umbrella sedge seed germination, trials were carried out by placing field-collected seeds in a thermogradient table set at constant temperatures of 11.7 to 41.7 C. Germination was assessed daily for 30 d, and the whole experiment was repeated a month later. Using probit regression analysis, thermal time to median germination [θT(50)], base temperature for germination (Tb), and SD of thermal times for germination [σθT(50)] were estimated from germination data, and model parameters were derived using the Solver tool in Microsoft Excel®. Germination rates increased linearly below the estimated optimum temperatures of 33.5 to 36 C. Estimated Tb averaged 16.7 C, whereas θT(50) equaled 17.1 degree-days and σθT(50) was only 0.1 degree-day. The estimated Tb for smallflower umbrella sedge is remarkably higher than that of japonica and indica types of rice, as well as Tb of important weeds in the Echinochloa complex. Relative to the latter, smallflower umbrella sedge has lower thermal-time requirements to germination and greater germination synchronicity. However, it would also initiate germination much later because of its higher Tb, given low soil temperatures early in the rice growing season in California. When integrated into weed growth models, these results might help optimize the timing and efficacy of smallflower umbrella sedge control measures.

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Influence of Different Larval Feeding Regimes and Diet Presentation Methods on Chrysoperla Rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Development

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-29.4.513 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 513-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. M. Greenberg ◽

Donald A. Nordlund ◽

E. G. King

Keyword(s):

Helicoverpa Zea ◽

Artificial Diet ◽

Development Time ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Pupal Weight ◽

Larval Feeding ◽

Sitotroga Cerealella ◽

Chrysoperla Rufilabris ◽

Feeding Regimes ◽

Presentation Methods

Results of a comparative analysis of the effects of seven different larval feeding regimes on the development of individually reared Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) larvae are presented. Also, four methods for presenting liquid artificial diet (capillary tubes, sponge, agarose based jelly, and artificial eggs) are discussed. Development time, pupal weight, fecundity, and reproductive rate were higher for C. rufilabris larvae reared on the eggs of either Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) or Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) than for those reared on artificial diet. Diet presentation methods that show promise include agarose-based jelly and artificial eggs.

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