scholarly journals AIDS incidence and mortality in injecting drug users: the AjUDE-Brasil II Project

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Nogueira Cardoso ◽  
Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa ◽  
Sueli Aparecida Mingoti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Surveillance Database

This paper presents AIDS incidence and mortality among injecting drug users (IDUs) reached by the AjUDE-Brasil II Project. From a cross-sectional survey, 478 IDUs were interviewed in three Brazilian cities: Porto Alegre, São José do Rio Preto, and Itajaí. The cohort was followed up in the Brazilian surveillance database for AIDS and mortality during 2000 and 2001. AIDS incidence was 1.1 cases per 100 person-years, and the mortality rate was 2.8 deaths per 100 person-years. AIDS cases only occurred in IDUs who reported ever having shared injecting equipment. Female gender (RR = 5.30), homelessness (RR = 6.16), and report of previous sexual relations with same-sex partners (RR = 6.21) were associated with AIDS. Deaths occurred only among males. Homelessness (RR = 3.00), lack of income (RR = 2.65), HIV seropositive status (RR = 4.52), and no history of incarceration (RR = 3.71) were also associated with death. These findings support evidence that gender and socioeconomic conditions are both determinants of morbidity and mortality in Brazilian IDUs.

Return to post-test counselling by out-of-treatment injecting drug users participating in a cross-sectional survey in north Vietnam

AIDS Care ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 935-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bergenstrom ◽  
V. Go ◽  
L. V. Nam ◽  
B. T. Thuy ◽  
D. D. Celentano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Test ◽  
North Vietnam

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis C viral infection among injecting drug users in a Saudi Arabian hospital: A point cross sectional survey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama A. Alibrahim ◽  
Yusuf A. Misau ◽  
Alkali Mohammed ◽  
Mohammad Bashir Faruk ◽  
Izzeldin SS
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Cross Sectional

Hepatitis C Virus is an important cause of preventable morbidity and mortality among Injecting Drug Users worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and correlations of HCV infection among IDUs in Saudi Arabia. A point cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 2012 and Nov 2012 to determine hepatitis C viral antibodies serological status using venous blood among IDUs (N=300) accessing care at Al-Amal Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as well as to determine clinical correlates of hepatitis C infection among the Injecting Drug Users. There was an overall HCV prevalence of 42.7% among IDUs studied. Low level primary education, single marital status, being unemployed and commencing Injecting Drugs beyond the age of 15 years have higher specific prevalence of HCV among IDUs population. There was statistically significant association between clinical assessments of the participants who were abusing drugs generally, dependent on drugs, specifically abusing cocaine, amphetamines, opioids, cannabinoids and alcohol with HCV antibodies seropositivity. There was no statistical significant relationship between drug induced sleep/sexual disorder and psychosis/delusion with HCV seropositivity. This study demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of HCV among IDUs in KSA. Targeted public health preventive strategies are necessary to halt the spread of HCV among IDUs in KSA. The resultant benefits of these will include reduction in morbidity and mortality as well as improved socioeconomic wellbeing of the IDU’s population.

scholarly journals Willingness to accept vaccination against SARS-cov-2: A survey of junior doctors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
John Jude Kweku Annan ◽  
Betty Roberta Norman ◽  
Boniface Mensah ◽  
Anthony Enimil ◽  
Collins Kokuro
Keyword(s):  
Extended Family ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Acceptance Rate ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in the world. There are currently 4 COVID-19 vaccines have been developed for mass vaccination to combat the disease. Some people, however, have expressed safety and efficacy concerns with regards to the vaccines. In Ghana, junior doctors, being frontline doctors, are likely to first encounter patients presenting with COVID-19. They may also have the highest direct exposure to the virus even though their outcomes after infection may be good. The study sought to determine the potential acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine among junior doctors, the factors that will influence their acceptance and whether they will recommend the vaccine to their patients. Methods: The study was an ethically approved anonymous cross-sectional survey to determine the willingness to accept the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among junior doctors in Ghana. The survey was designed using Google forms posted to the various junior doctor’s social media group pages such as WhatsApp and Facebook with the study participants responding to 15 items. Results: Out of a total of 305 participants, females were 155 (50.8%). Of the respondents, 171/305 (56.1%) had cared for Covid-19 patients before, 51/305 (16.7%) had had Covid-19 infection previously and 204/305 (66.9%) will be willing to take the vaccine when available. Females were more likely to take the vaccine and those who were willing to accept the vaccine were more likely to recommend same to their family and others. Conclusion: This study has showed a more than average willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Female gender, living with the extended family and history of SARS-Cov-2 infection were positively associated with willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Doctors who were willing to accept the vaccine were also more likely to recommend their patients and family members to also accept the COVID-19 vaccine.

scholarly journals Profile of male Brazilian injecting drug users who have sex with men

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Dayrell Ferreira ◽  
Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa ◽  
Francisco I. Bastos ◽  
Sueli Aparecida Mingoti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Multivariate Procedures ◽  
Drug Injecting ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

This study aims to characterize the profile of male injecting drug users who have sex with other men (MSM IDUs) recruited through a cross-sectional multi-city survey (AjUDE-Brasil II Project) in six Brazilian cities, in 2000-2001. MSM IDUs were compared to other male IDUs using bivariate and multivariate procedures (logistic regression and answer tree analysis with the CHAID algorithm). Among the 709 male IDUs, 187 (26.4%) reported ever having had sex with other men, while only 37 reported sex with other men in the previous six months. MSM IDUs were more likely to be unemployed (OR = 2.3), to have injected tranquilizers (OR = 3.6), and to be HIV-seropositive (OR = 2.1), compared to other male IDUs. Male same-sex relations in this subgroup appear to be associated with strategies to finance drug consuming habits, including sex for drugs with occasional female partners or obtaining injection paraphernalia from occasional sex partners. Further studies should focus on this especially vulnerable subgroup of IDUs, due to the bidirectional and complex interrelationships between their drug injecting habits and sexual risk behaviors.

scholarly journals Pathways between depression, substance use and multiple sex partners among Northern and Indigenous young women in the Northwest Territories, Canada: results from a cross-sectional survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 604-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen H Logie ◽  
Candice Lys ◽  
Moses Okumu ◽  
Cristina Leone
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
History Of

ObjectivesSexual and mental health disparities exist in the Northwest Territories (NWT) compared with other Canadian regions. STI rates are 10-fold higher, and youth suicide rates double the Canadian average. Scant research has examined associations between mental and sexual health among youth in the NWT. The study objective was to explore pathways from depression to multiple sex partners (MSP) among young women in the NWT, Canada.MethodsWe implemented a cross-sectional survey in 2015–2016 with a venue-based recruitment sample of young women aged 13–17 attending secondary schools in 17 NWT communities. We conducted path analysis to test a conceptual model examining associations between depression and a history of MSP, examining substance use and peer support as mediators.ResultsParticipants (n=199; mean age: 13.8, SD: 1.27) mostly identified were Indigenous (n=154; 77.4%) and one-fifth (n=39; 20.5%) were sexually diverse/non-heterosexual. Almost two-thirds (n=119; 63.3%) reported depression symptoms. One-quarter (n=53; 26.6%) were currently dating, and 16.1% (n=32) reported a lifetime history of >1 sex partner (classified as having MSP). There was no direct effect between depression and MSP (β=0.189, p=0.087, 95% CI 0.046 to 0.260). Depression had a direct effect on substance use (β=0.023, p<0.050, 95% CI 0.118 to 0.500), and an indirect effect on MSP through substance use (β=0.498, SE=0.10, p<0.001, 95% CI 0.141 to 0.280). Depression was associated with lower peer support (β=−0.168, p<0.010, 95% CI −0.126 to 0.280); peer support was not associated with MSP (β=−0.158, p=0.130, 95% CI −0.126 to 0.001).ConclusionThis research is among the first to identify mental health factors associated with STI vulnerability among young women in the NWT. Findings demonstrate the importance of addressing depression and substance use in sexual health interventions in Northern contexts.

Uncertainty about cellulitis and unmet patient information needs: a mixed methods study

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp18X697349
Author(s):  
Anna Lalonde ◽  
Emma Teasdale ◽  
Ingrid Muller ◽  
Joanne Chalmers ◽  
Peter Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Patient Information Needs ◽  
History Of

BackgroundCellulitis is a common painful infection of the skin and underlying tissues that recurs in approximately a third of cases. Patients’ ability to recover from cellulitis or prevent recurrence is likely to be influenced by their understanding of the condition.AimTo explore patients’ perceptions of cellulitis and their information needs.MethodMixed methods study comprising semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and cross-sectional survey, recruiting through primary care, secondary care and advertising. Adults aged 18 or over with a history of cellulitis (first or recurrent) were invited to complete a survey, take part in an interview or both. Qualitative data was analysed thematically.ResultsThirty interviews were conducted between August 2016 and July 2017. Qualitative data revealed low prior awareness of cellulitis, uncertainty around diagnosis, concern/surprise at the severity of cellulitis, and perceived insufficient information provision. People were surprised they had never heard of the condition and that they had not received advice or leaflets giving self-care information. Some sought information from the internet and found this bewildering. Two hundred and forty surveys were completed (response rate 17%). These showed that, while most people received information on the treatment of cellulitis (60.0%, n = 144), they reported receiving no information about causes (60.8%, n = 146) or prevention of recurrence (73.3%, n = 176).ConclusionThere is a need for provision of basic information for people with cellulitis, particularly being informed of the name of their condition, how to manage acute episodes, and how to reduce risk of recurrence.

Evaluating the readiness of mobile technology in Saudi Arabia: An Integrative Perspective with respect to e-health (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Alanezi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health System ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Apps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
Awareness Programs

UNSTRUCTURED E-health system is emerging and providing health services and solutions through different electronic gadgets. Saudi Arabia has launched a program called Saudi Arabia vision 2030, in which providing state-of-the-art health facilities to their citizen is of topmost priority. After all the efforts, the residents of Saudi Arabia are still reluctant for the adaptation of e-health system. The current study was conducted to evaluate the obstacle in adoption of the e-health system through the mobile phones. The current study was cross-sectional survey and was conducted by developing a self-administered structured questionnaire asking the utilization of mobile phone in state of health emergency prior to ask any medical history. Majority of the participants was married and doing jobs in different firms and have their personal mobile phones (p = 0.100, > 0.05) which indicates easily access to the e-health apps. The majority of the participants suffers from either obesity or high blood pressure (p = 0.018, < 0.05) regardless of either history of mental disorder or other family history of mental diseases. The pattern of diseases with mental disorders correlate well with adoption of e-health in government policies. The obstacles in adopting e-health includes fear of the loss of personal data and information (p = 0.0401, < 0.05). Moreover, they did not trust on online medications as the doctor cannot prescribe medicines without seeing physical health of the patient. The current study concluded that by making improvement in policies and proper commercializing the e-health apps together with awareness programs can boast the adoption of e-health in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Brain smart – Let's play safely: Evaluation of a concussion education program in schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 205970022110244
Author(s):  
Katie Alison Falla ◽  
Sarah Randall ◽  
Carol DeMatteo
Keyword(s):  
School Board ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Concussion Management ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Post Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion Knowledge ◽  
Concussion Education

Objectives There are two objectives for this paper. First, to determine effects of a concussion education program in a local school board in terms of concussion-specific knowledge in children and confidence in identifying and managing concussion in adults. Second, to identify differences and similarities in concussion knowledge between children who participate in sports and those who do not and between children with a history of one or more concussions and those without. Design A cross sectional survey regarding concussion knowledge was distributed randomly to students and adults at both pre- and posteducation timepoints. A concussion education program was disseminated across the school board for students between the distribution survey timepoints. Following the education program, adults and students completed their respective post-test surveys. Chi-squared tests in SPSS determined the significance of between-group differences. Results All 17 adults (100.0%) who had received concussion education recently reported confidence in their knowledge of concussion management, compared to 35.7% adults who had not received education for over a year (p = 0.020). For students, all of whom completed the concussion education training between the pre- and post-tests, there were no significant differences in concussion knowledge scores between athletes and non-athletes (either in or outside of school) or between those with a history of concussion and those without. There were no significant changes in concussion knowledge between the pre- and post-tests, except for one question. Conclusion Concussion education programs increase confidence of concussion management protocols in adults involved in sport, but they require improvements to better support knowledge amelioration, particularly for target groups that are at high risk of sustaining another injury.

Psychiatrists and homicidal threats: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Musaab Elzain ◽  
Ahmed Bashir ◽  
Noreen Moloney ◽  
Colum P. Dunne ◽  
Brendan D. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Frequency Characteristics ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
History Of ◽  
Outpatient Settings

Objectives: To investigate the frequency, characteristics and impact of death threats by patients towards psychiatrists. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of psychiatrists (n = 60) was undertaken to investigate the frequency, characteristics and impact of death threats by patients in one Irish healthcare region serving a mixed urban–rural population of 470,000. Results: Forty-nine responses (82%) were received. Thirty-one per cent of respondents experienced death threats by patients during their careers. Victims were more likely to be male and in a consultant role. Patients making the threats were more likely to be males aged 30–60 with a history of violence and diagnosis of personality disorder and/or substance misuse. A majority of threats occurred in outpatient settings and identified a specific method of killing, usually by stabbing. Prosecution of the perpetrator was uncommon. Of the victimised psychiatrists, 53% reported that such threats affected their personal lives, and 67% believed their professional lives were impacted. In half of the incidents, there were adverse incidents subsequent to the threats, involving either the patient or the clinician. Conclusions: Death threats by patients have significant psychological and professional impacts on psychiatrists. Early liaison with employers and police and transferring the care of the patient to another clinician may be useful measures.

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