scholarly journals Some photosynthetic and growth responses of Annona glabra L. seedlings to soil flooding

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo S. Mielke ◽  
Elyabe M. Matos ◽  
Virginia B. Couto ◽  
Alex-Alan F. de Almeida ◽  
Fábio P. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Soil Flooding ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Annona Glabra

An experiment was conducted with the aim to analyze the effects of soil flooding and leaf position on net primary productivity and whole plant carbon balance of Annona glabra L. (Annonaceae) seedlings, a highly flood-tolerant tree, native to the tropical Americas. All seedlings survived a period of 56 days of flooding without symptoms of stress. Flooding induced significant increments in root, stem and whole-plant biomass (P <0.01), and in the root:shoot mass ratio (P <0.05). Measurements of leaf gas exchange were conducted at days four, 11, 18 and 56 after flooding, on the first (L1), fourth (L4) and seventh (L7) fully expanded leaves from the apex of each seedling. The mean values of stomatal conductance to water vapour (g s) and net photosynthetic rate (A) in the control seedlings were around 0.26 mol m-2s-1 and 8.8 µmol m-2s-1, respectively. Significant reductions (P <0.05) in A were observed from L1 to L7 in controls at all four days of measurements. Reductions in A with increasing leaf age also ocurred for flooded plants, but only at days four and 18. Flooding induced significant changes in gs (P <0.05), reaching 65% of controls at day four but 152% of controls at day 56. Based on the results we conclude that the high survival and growth rates of A. glabra seedlings are directly related to the capacity to mantain a high stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate under soil flooding.

scholarly journals Whole-Plant Response of Selected Woody Landscape Species to Uniconazole

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Mack Thetford
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Abstract Uniconazole was applied as a foliar spray or medium drench to six woody landscape species: ‘Sunglow’ azalea; flame azalea; ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia; ‘Compacta’ holly; ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly; and mountain pieris. One hundred days after uniconazole application, leaf, stem, and top dry weight of all species, except flame azalea and mountain pieris, decreased as uniconazole concentration increased. Compared to controls, stem and leaf dry weight were reduced by uniconazole 18 to 60% and 13 to 32%, respectively, depending on species and method of application. Stem dry weight was reduced to a greater degree, compared to leaf dry weight. For all species, drench application was more effective than foliar spray in reducing leaf, stem, and top dry weight. Leaf area of ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia and ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly decreased with increasing rates. However, specific leaf weight was not affected. Uniconazole did not significantly affect leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance or internal leaf CO2 concentrations in ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia or ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly. No phytotoxicity was observed on any species.

scholarly journals Response of in vitro Cultured Palm Oil Seedling Under Saline Condition to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density

2012 ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Pet Roey Pascual ◽  
Krienkai Mosaleeyanon ◽  
Kanokwan Romyanon ◽  
Chalermpol Kirdmanee
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Ambient Co2

Salt stress elicits various physiological and growth responses of oil palm. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the responses of oil palms cultured in vitro under varying salinity levels (0, 85.5, 171.11, 342.21 and 684.43 mM NaCl) to elevated CO2 (1000 μmol CO2/mol) and PPFD (100±5 μmol m-2s-1) in terms of growth characteristics, pigment contents and photosynthetic abilities. After 14 days of culture, net photosynthetic rate (μmol CO2 m-2s-1) of oil palms across varying salinity levels was 5.33 times higher than those cultured under ambient CO, (380±100 Mmol CO2/mol) and PPFD (50±5 μmol m-2s -1). At increased net photosynthetic rate (elevated CO2 and PPFD), despite having no significant difference in pigment contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid) between different CO2 and PPFD levels, dry weight and percent dry matter were 0.26 and 0.11 times higher, respectively, as compared to those cultured under ambient CO2 and PPFD. In the same elevated CO2 and PPFD level, across all salinity levels, stomatal conductance was 0.30 times lower than those cultured under ambient CO2 and PPFD. At reduced stomatal conductance (elevated CO2 and PPFD), transpiration rate was also reduced by 0.30 times. Thus with increased net photosynthetic rate and reduced transpiration rate, water use efficiency was increased by 7.22 times, across all salinity levels, than those cultured at ambient CO2 and PPFD. These were considered essential for NaCl produces iso-osmotic stress.

scholarly journals Effects of the reciprocal grafting on the photosynthesis of two genotypes tomato offspring under selenium stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 07008
Author(s):  
Shiyao Shan ◽  
Huizhong Luo ◽  
Jinpeng Zhu ◽  
Zhiyu Li ◽  
Huanxiu Li
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Fresh Weight

To study the effects of the reciprocal grafting on the photosynthesis of two genotypes tomato offspring under selenium stress, red ball cherry tomato cherry 5-5-1 and yellow ball cherry tomato yellow RTY-3-2 post-grafting generation (red scion, red rootstock, yellow scion and yellow rootstock) and seedlings (red CK and yellow CK) planted in 10 mg·kg-1 selenium soil, and the pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of the reciprocal grafting on the growth characteristics and the photosynthesis of tomato offspring under selenium stress. The results showed that grafting increased the fresh weight of the organs of the offspring, the ratio of root to shoot, and the functional activity of the roots of the plants, which was conducive to the growth of tomato offspring. Simultaneously, it could effectively improve the photosynthetic capacity of grafted offspring leaves at the seedling stage. The grafted offspring of rootstocks had the best effect on improving the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of tomato leaves, and decreased intercellular CO2 concentration. Among them, the best effect of yellow rootstock was to provide ideas and theoretical basis for the production of selenium-enriched tomatoes in the selenium-deficient areas in the future.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Osmotic Stress in Cotton for the Improvement in Growth and Yield through Inoculation of Rhizobacteria and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Coated Diammonium Phosphate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10456
Author(s):  
Muhammad Majid ◽  
Muqarrab Ali ◽  
Khurram Shahzad ◽  
Fiaz Ahmad ◽  
Rao Muhammad Ikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Boll Weight

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the major fiber crops. Its production is under threat due to scarcity of water resources under a changing climatic scenario. Limited water availability also decreases the uptake of phosphorus, and less uptake of phosphorus can deteriorate the quality attributes of cotton fiber. There is a need to introduce bio-organic amendments which can mitigate osmotic stress on a sustainable basis. Inoculation of rhizobacteria can play an imperative role in this regard. Rhizobacteria can not only improve the growth of roots but also enhance the availability of immobile phosphorus in soil. That is why the current experiment was conducted to explore and compare the efficacy of sole application of diammonium phosphate (DAP) over plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) coated DAP on growth and quality attributes of cotton under artificially induced osmotic stress at flowering stage. The impact of phosphorus levels was found to be significant on the plant height, leaf area, average boll weight, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and seed cotton yield, while the irrigation effect was significant on all the parameters. The PGPR coated phosphorus performed better as compared to other treatments under normal irrigation and osmotic stress. Results showed that PGPR coated phosphorus increased by 29.47%, 21.01%, 41.11%, 32.73%, 15.63% and 22.89% plant height, average boll weight, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, fiber length, and seed cotton yield respectively. In conclusion, PGPR coated DAP can be helpful to get higher cotton productivity as compared to control and sole application of DAP under normal irrigation and osmotic stress.

scholarly journals Orange Rust Effects on Leaf Photosynthesis and Related Characters of Sugarcane

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duli Zhao ◽  
Neil C. Glynn ◽  
Barry Glaz ◽  
Jack C. Comstock ◽  
Sushma Sood
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Maximum Quantum Yield ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis

Orange rust of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids), caused by Puccinia kuehnii, is a relatively new disease in the Western Hemisphere that substantially reduces yields in susceptible sugarcane genotypes. The objective of this study was to determine the physiological mechanisms of orange rust–induced reductions in sugarcane growth and yield by quantifying effects of the disease on leaf SPAD index (an indication of leaf chlorophyll content), net photosynthetic rate, dark respiration, maximum quantum yield of CO2 assimilation, carbon fixation efficiency, and the relationships between these leaf photosynthetic components and rust disease ratings. Plants growing in pots were inoculated with the orange rust pathogen using a leaf whorl inoculation method. A disease rating was assigned using a scale from 0 to 4 with intervals of 0.5. At disease ratings ≥2, the rust-infected leaf portion of inoculated plants showed significant reductions in SPAD index, maximum quantum yield, carbon fixation efficiency, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration rate, and net photosynthetic rate; but the rusted portion of the infected leaves had increased intercellular CO2 concentration and leaf dark respiration rate. Although leaf SPAD index, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate at the rust-infected portion decreased linearly with increased rust rating, the effect of orange rust on photosynthetic rate was much greater than that on stomatal conductance and transpiration. Unlike earlier reports on other crops, reduction in leaf photosynthesis by orange rust under low light was greater than that under high light conditions. These results help improve the understanding of orange rust etiology and physiological bases of sugarcane yield loss caused by orange rust.

scholarly journals The Impact of Phloem Feeding Insects on Leaf Ecophysiology Varies With Leaf Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Pincebourde ◽  
Jérôme Ngao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Young Leaves

Herbivore insects have strong impacts on leaf gas exchange when feeding on the plant. Leaf age also drives leaf gas exchanges but the interaction of leaf age and phloem herbivory has been largely underexplored. We investigated the amplitude and direction of herbivore impact on leaf gas exchange across a wide range of leaf age in the apple tree–apple green aphid (Aphis pomi) system. We measured the gas exchange (assimilation and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration) of leaves infested versus non-infested by the aphid across leaf age. For very young leaves up to 15 days-old, the gas exchange rates of infested leaves were similar to those of non-infested leaves. After few days, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate increased in infested leaves up to about the age of 30 days, and gradually decreased after that age. By contrast, gas exchanges in non-infested leaves gradually decreased across leaf age such that they were always lower than in infested leaves. Aphids were observed on relatively young leaves up to 25 days and despite the positive effect on leaf photosynthesis and leaf performance, their presence negatively affected the growth rate of apple seedlings. Indeed, aphids decreased leaf dry mass, leaf surface, and leaf carbon content except in old leaves. By contrast, aphids induced an increase in leaf nitrogen content and the deviation relative to non-infested leaves increased with leaf age. Overall, the impacts of aphids at multiple levels of plant performance depend on leaf age. While aphids cause an increase in some leaf traits (gas exchanges and nitrogen content), they also depress others (plant growth rate and carbon content). The balance between those effects, as modulated by leaf age, may be the key for herbivory mitigation in plants.

Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth Responses of Young, Container-grown Annona Trees to Flooding

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 541f-542
Author(s):  
Roberto Núñez-Elisea ◽  
Bruce Schaffer ◽  
Jonathan H. Crane ◽  
Angel M. Colls
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Flood Tolerance ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Annona Glabra

Commercial Annona species such as sugar apple and atemoya, are sensitive to flooding. Annona glabra (pond apple) is a non-commercial species that grows well in flooded soils and may have potential as a flood-tolerant rootstock for commercial Annonas. The effects of flooding on net CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and vegetative growth of 2-year-old, container-grown Annona trees were studied under glasshouse conditions. Seedlings of A. glabra, A. muricata, and A. squamosa, and plants of `49-11' [a cross between atemoya (Annona. spp. hybrid cv. Gefner) × A. reticulata] grafted onto A. glabra or A. reticulata rootstock (`49-11'/A. glabra; `49-11'/A. reticulata) were exposed to 50 days of continuous flooding. Non-flooded (control) plants were irrigated daily. Flooded soil became anaerobic from day 3 of initiating the flooding treatment. Seedlings of A. glabra and A. muricata, and trees of `49-11'/A. glabra, produced more vegetative growth during flooding than A. squamosa and `49-11'/A. reticulata. Flooding decreased A and gs of A. squamosa and `49-11'/A. reticulata, and caused tree mortality (80%) of A. squamosa. Morphological adaptations of A. glabra (seedlings and rootstock) to flooding included adventitious root formation into flood water, development of hypertrophied (swollen) lenticels on trunk and adventitious roots, and development of trunk aerenchyma. All seedling trees of A. glabra and A. muricata, and all grafted trees of `49-11'/A. glabra survived 120 days of continuous flooding. A. glabra rootstock imparted flood tolerance to the `49-11' scion and may therefore impart flood tolerance to other Annona species. A. muricata seedlings may withstand extended periods of waterlogging under field conditions.

Effect of Water Stress on Photosynthetic Parameters of Soybean (Glycine max) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H. Munger ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
J. Tom Cothren
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of water stress on photosynthetic parameters of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hutton′] and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH). Stomatal conductance of both species responded curvilinearly to reductions in leaf water potential. At leaf water potentials less negative than −2.5 MPa, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate were greater in velvetleaf than in soybean. Soybean photosynthetic rate was linearly related to stomatal conductance. Velvetleaf photosynthetic rate increased linearly with stomatal conductances up to 1.5 cm s–1; however, no increase in photosynthetic rate was observed at stomatal conductances greater than 1.5 cm s–1, indicating nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis. As water stress intensified, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration of velvetleaf declined more rapidly than in soybean.

Evidence for nonstomatal inhibition of net photosynthesis in rapidly dehydrated shoots of Populus

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1371-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Scarascia-Mugnozza ◽  
T. M. Hinckley ◽  
R. F. Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Volume Shrinkage ◽  
Sharp Reduction ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Protoplast Volume

Results are presented on the decline of net photosynthesis during the application of rapid water stress to excised shoots of different Populus L. clones. Six clones were selected from the species Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray, Populusdeltoides Bartr., and from the hybrid Populustrichocarpa × Populusdeltoides, taking into account the differences in stomatal behaviour between and within these species. The two most productive P. trichocarpa clones and the hybrid clone, characterized by a reduced ability to close stomata during leaf desiccation, showed, nevertheless, a sharp reduction of net photosynthesis at water potentials lower than −1.5 MPa. In contrast, the inhibition of net assimilation in the P. deltoides clone, caused by water stress, was accompanied by a reduction in stomatal conductance. In all studied clones the decrease in net photosynthetic rate followed closely the point of turgor loss of the leaves, indicating a possible relationship between nonstomatal inhibition of photosynthesis and protoplast volume shrinkage.

scholarly journals Maintenance of Photosynthesis as Leaves Age Improves Whole Plant Water Use Efficiency in an Australian Wheat Cultivar

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1102
Author(s):  
Bailey Kretzler ◽  
Cristina Rodrigues Gabriel Sales ◽  
Michal Karady ◽  
Elizabete Carmo-Silva ◽  
Ian C. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Rubisco Activity ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency

Leaf-level water use efficiency (WUEi) is often used to predict whole plant water use efficiency (WUEwp), however these measures rarely correlate. A better understanding of the underlying physiological relationship between WUEi and WUEwp would enable efficient phenotyping of this important plant trait to inform future crop breeding efforts. Although WUEi varies across leaf age and position, less is understood about the regulatory mechanisms. WUEi and WUEwp were determined in Australian (cv. Krichauff) and UK (cv. Gatsby) wheat cultivars. Leaf gas exchange was measured as leaves aged and evaluated in relation to foliar abscisic acid (ABA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentration, chlorophyll content and Rubisco activity. Carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation (A) declined more rapidly as leaves aged in the lower WUEwp genotype Gatsby. Both ACC concentration and Rubisco activity declined as leaves aged, but neither explained the variation in A. Further, stomatal conductance (gs) and stomatal sensitivity to ABA were unchanged as leaves aged, therefore WUEi was lowest in Gatsby. Maintenance of A as the leaves aged in the Australian cultivar Krichauff enabled greater biomass production even as water loss continued similarly in both genotypes, resulting in higher WUEwp.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document