Ecology of neotropical mistletoes: an important canopy-dwelling component of Brazilian ecosystems

Mistletoes have been studied in temperate countries regularly because they can be pests of cultivated plants and forest plantations. In comparison with temperate habitats, little is known about the ecology of mistletoes in the Neotropics. More emphasis should be given to neotropical mistletoes because they could be important elements of plant communities, acting as key resources for pollinators, seed dispersers and herbivores. Using a combination of findings from early mistletoe studies and empirical evidence from several recent case studies, we report emerging patterns of mistletoe interactions with associated organisms and propose aims for further studies. There has been increasing interest in working with mistletoes in Brazil. Although there are some data on the ecology of mistletoe seed dispersal, reproductive biology studies are scarce and represent a wide range of fieldwork to be explored. Knowledge of the basic biology of mistletoes will be very important for modeling their spatial distribution using metapopulation or epidemiological approaches. In this review, we summarize the studies conducted in the neotropical region in order to provide a framework for current research and new ideas for future investigations of mistletoes, especially in Brazil.

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Tropical cyclones cumulatively control regional carbon fluxes in Everglades mangrove wetlands (Florida, USA)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92899-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaochen Zhao ◽

Victor H. Rivera-Monroy ◽

Luis M. Farfán ◽

Henry Briceño ◽

Edward Castañeda-Moya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tropical Cyclones ◽

Functional Role ◽

Net Primary Productivity ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Regional Climate Change ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

Limited Information ◽

Organic C ◽

Wide Range

AbstractMangroves are the most blue-carbon rich coastal wetlands contributing to the reduction of atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis (sequestration) and high soil organic carbon (C) storage. Globally, mangroves are increasingly impacted by human and natural disturbances under climate warming, including pervasive pulsing tropical cyclones. However, there is limited information assessing cyclone’s functional role in regulating wetlands carbon cycling from annual to decadal scales. Here we show how cyclones with a wide range of integrated kinetic energy (IKE) impact C fluxes in the Everglades, a neotropical region with high cyclone landing frequency. Using long-term mangrove Net Primary Productivity (Litterfall, NPPL) data (2001–2018), we estimated cyclone-induced litterfall particulate organic C (litter-POC) export from mangroves to estuarine waters. Our analysis revealed that this lateral litter-POC flux (71–205 g C m−2 year−1)—currently unaccounted in global C budgets—is similar to C burial rates (69–157 g C m−2 year−1) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, 61–229 g C m−2 year−1) export. We proposed a statistical model (PULITER) between IKE-based pulse index and NPPL to determine cyclone’s impact on mangrove role as C sink or source. Including the cyclone’s functional role in regulating mangrove C fluxes is critical to developing local and regional climate change mitigation plans.

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From the Editor

Industrial and Organizational Psychology ◽

10.1017/iop.2017.24 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 141-143

Author(s):

John C. Scott

Keyword(s):

Good Deal ◽

Organizational Psychology ◽

Wide Range ◽

New Ideas ◽

Industrial And Organizational Psychology

The goal of focal articles in Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice is to present new ideas or different takes on existing ideas and stimulate a conversation in the form of comment articles that extend the arguments in the focal article or that present new ideas stimulated by those articles. The two focal articles in this issue stimulated a wide range of reactions and a good deal of constructive input.

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3 per cent-accurate predictions for the clustering of dark matter, haloes, and subhaloes, over a wide range of cosmologies and scales

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/staa3117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 499 (4) ◽

pp. 4905-4917

Author(s):

S Contreras ◽

R E Angulo ◽

M Zennaro ◽

G Aricò ◽

M Pellejero-Ibañez

Keyword(s):

Dark Matter ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Cosmological Parameters ◽

Galaxy Surveys ◽

Circular Velocity ◽

Initial Application ◽

Wide Range ◽

Massive Neutrinos ◽

Dynamical Dark Energy ◽

Better Than

ABSTRACT Predicting the spatial distribution of objects as a function of cosmology is an essential ingredient for the exploitation of future galaxy surveys. In this paper, we show that a specially designed suite of gravity-only simulations together with cosmology-rescaling algorithms can provide the clustering of dark matter, haloes, and subhaloes with high precision. Specifically, with only three N-body simulations, we obtain the power spectrum of dark matter at z = 0 and 1 to better than 3 per cent precision for essentially all currently viable values of eight cosmological parameters, including massive neutrinos and dynamical dark energy, and over the whole range of scales explored, 0.03 < $k/{h}^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ < 5. This precision holds at the same level for mass-selected haloes and for subhaloes selected according to their peak maximum circular velocity. As an initial application of these predictions, we successfully constrain Ωm, σ8, and the scatter in subhalo-abundance-matching employing the projected correlation function of mock SDSS galaxies.

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From the Editor

Industrial and Organizational Psychology ◽

10.1017/iop.2017.49 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 327-328

Author(s):

John C. Scott

Keyword(s):

Good Deal ◽

Organizational Psychology ◽

Wide Range ◽

New Ideas ◽

Industrial And Organizational Psychology

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Associative learning for host-induced fruit volatiles in Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a koinobiont parasitoid of tephritid flies

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485314000625 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 104 (6) ◽

pp. 774-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A. Canale ◽

S. Geri ◽

G. Benelli

Keyword(s):

Associative Learning ◽

Food Reward ◽

Decanoic Acid ◽

Nonanoic Acid ◽

Parasitic Wasps ◽

Wide Range ◽

Geranyl Acetone ◽

Odour Learning ◽

Psyttalia Concolor ◽

Key Resources

AbstractParasitic wasps are fascinating organisms that rely on a wide range of communication channels to locate their hosts. Associative learning for foraging kairomones has been demonstrated for various parasitic wasps, but little is known for parasitoids of Tephritidae flies. Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a koinobiont parasitoid able to attack at least 14 tephritid pests. Females are innately attracted by some host-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), whereas others of the same bouquet are unattractive. We hypothesize that females may detect unattractive HIPVs in association with key resources, such as food and hosts, learning to respond favourably to these cues in consecutive experiences. We evaluated associative learning for HIPVs in P. concolor females, testing if they are able to associate a food reward with the presence of different dosages of three HIPVs, thus developing a preference for an odour innately unattractive. Results demonstrated that P. concolor responded favourably to the learned cue in consecutive experiences. For all tested HIPVs (nonanoic acid, decanoic acid and geranyl acetone), regardless of dosage, trained females preferred the reward-associated odour, whereas naïve did not. Both HIPV-trained and naïve females did not show consistent differences in latencies when choosing HIPVs over blank. HIPV-trained and naïve wasps did not spend more time on HIPVs over blank. Odour learning is of adaptive importance for this generalist parasitoid, since it enhances host location efficiency by reducing the time wasted on the decision of where to search for hosts. From an applied perspective, these HIPVs could be used to train mass-reared P. concolor in pre-release, to potentially improve its efficacy in the field.

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Emissions of organic carbon and methane from petroleum and dairy operations in California's San Joaquin Valley

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-13-28225-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 28225-28278 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. R. Gentner ◽

T. B. Ford ◽

A. Guha ◽

K. Boulanger ◽

J. Brioude ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

San Joaquin Valley ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Meteorological Model ◽

Wide Range ◽

Petroleum Extraction

Abstract. Petroleum and dairy operations are prominent sources of gas-phase organic compounds in California's San Joaquin Valley. Ground site measurements in Bakersfield and aircraft measurements of reactive gas-phase organic compounds were made in this region as part of the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) project to determine the sources contributing to regional gas-phase organic carbon emissions. Using a combination of near-source and downwind data, we assess the composition and magnitude of emissions from these prominent sources that are relatively understudied compared to motor vehicles We also developed a statistical modeling method with the FLEXPART-WRF transport and meteorological model using ground-based data to assess the spatial distribution of emissions in the San Joaquin Valley. We present evidence for large sources of paraffinic hydrocarbons from petroleum extraction/processing operations and oxygenated compounds from dairy (and other cattle) operations. In addition to the small straight-chain alkanes typically associated with petroleum operations, we observed a wide range of branched and cyclic alkanes that have limited previous in situ measurements or characterization in emissions from petroleum operations. Observed dairy emissions were dominated by ethanol, methanol, and acetic acid, and methane. Dairy operations were responsible for the vast majority of methane emissions in the San Joaquin Valley; observations of methane were well-correlated with non-vehicular ethanol, and multiple assessments of the spatial distribution of emissions in the San Joaquin Valley highlight the dominance of dairy operations for methane emissions. The good agreement of the observed petroleum operations source profile with the measured composition of non-methane hydrocarbons in unrefined natural gas associated with crude oil suggests a fugitive emissions pathway during petroleum extraction, storage, or processing with negligible coincident methane emissions Aircraft observations of emission hotspots from operations at oil wells and dairies are consistent with the statistical source footprint determined via transport modeling and ground-based data. At Bakersfield, petroleum and dairy operations each comprised 22–23% of anthropogenic non-methane organic carbon and were each responsible for ~12% of potential precursors to ozone, but their direct impacts as potential SOA precursors were estimated to be minor. A comparison with the California Air Resources Board emission inventory supports the current relative emission rates of reactive organic gases from these sources in the region.

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Optical Imaging of the Small Intestine Immune Compartments Across Scales

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1046138/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arielle Planchette ◽

Cédric Schmidt ◽

Olivier Burri ◽

Mercedes Gomez de Agüero ◽

Aleksandra Radenovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Small Intestine ◽

High Resolution ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Regions Of Interest ◽

Label Free ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Wide Range ◽

Mouse Small Intestine ◽

Made In

Abstract The limitations of 2D microscopy constrain our ability to observe and understand tissue-wide networks that are, by nature, 3-dimensional. Optical projection tomography enables the acquisition of large volumes (ranging from micrometres to centimetres) in various tissues, with label-free capacities for the observation of auto-fluorescent signals as well fluorescent-labelled targets of interest in multiple channels. We present a multi-modal workflow for the characterization of both structural and quantitative parameters of the mouse small intestine. As proof of principle, we evidence its applicability for imaging the mouse intestinal immune compartment and surrounding mucosal structures. We quantify the volumetric size and spatial distribution of Isolated Lymphoid Follicles (ILFs) and quantify density of villi throughout centimetre long segments of intestine. Furthermore, we exhibit the age- and microbiota-dependence for ILF development, and leverage a technique that we call reverse-OPT for identifying and homing in on regions of interest. Several quantification capabilities are displayed, including villous density in the autofluorescent channel and the size and spatial distribution of the signal of interest at millimetre-scale volumes. The concatenation of 3D image acquisition with the reverse-OPT sample preparation and a 2D high-resolution imaging modality adds value to interpretations made in 3D. This cross-modality referencing technique is found to provide accurate localisation of ROIs and to add value to interpretations made in 3D. Importantly, OPT may be used to identify sparsely-distributed regions of interest in large volumes whilst retaining compatibility with high-resolution microscopy modalities, including confocal microscopy. We believe this pipeline to be approachable for a wide-range of specialties, and to provide a new method for characterisation of the mouse intestinal immune compartment.

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On the formation of the phenomenon of the power of the moscow dynasty through the prism of historical anthropology (late 14th – first half of the 15th centuries)

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University ◽

10.36906/2311-4444/21-3/05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 47-60

Author(s):

Maksim N. Shevchenko

Keyword(s):

Research Program ◽

Political Power ◽

Great Power ◽

The Political ◽

Historical Anthropology ◽

Wide Range ◽

New Ideas ◽

Theoretical Foundations

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of the formation of the ideology of the Moscow principality. The purpose of this study is to identify the ideological origins and features of the formation of the ideology of the rule of the Moscow sovereigns at the end of the XIV the first half of the XV centuries. To achieve this goal, the historian, firstly, draws on a wide range of sources, which will demonstrate the scale of changes in the theoretical foundations and ways of representing the power of the Moscow princes; secondly, the author took the principles of studying the phenomenon of power formulated by representatives of the Russian direction of historical anthropology as the basis for the research program of this article. Using the advantages of the existing approach, the researcher determined which ideas, images, forms and mechanisms were used to consolidate in the minds of contemporaries new ideas about the constantly expanding powers of power of the Moscow princes. The article concludes that the created great-power image of the Moscow rulers laid the ideological foundation for the growth of the political power of the Moscow principality.

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Preface. The XIV International Research and Practice Conference “Ukrainian School of Mining Engineering” (USME 2020)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202020100001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 201 ◽

pp. 00001

Author(s):

Gennadiy Pivnyak ◽

Volodymyr Bondarenko ◽

Iryna Kovalevska ◽

Roman Lysenko ◽

Olha Malova

Keyword(s):

International Research ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Mining Engineering ◽

Research And Practice ◽

Wide Range ◽

New Ideas ◽

Science And Education ◽

Labor Safety ◽

Important Means ◽

New Generation

The XIV International Research and Practice Conference “Ukrainian School of Mining Engineering” once again has made an important contribution to the mining industry, science and education. In the course of the conference, a wide range of problems was discussed: theoretical aspects of mining; domestic and foreign experience; personnel training in modern realities; problems of mineral deposits development; fundamental concepts of labor safety, etc. Fruitful dialogue and exchange of experience among conference participants contribute to the generation of new ideas, discoveries, technologies that will find their application in the nearest future. The formation of a new generation of scientists and engineers is taking place today, and therefore this representative conference is an important means of creating a new intellectual environment. The conference promotes the establishment of effective contacts between representatives of different scientific schools and directions, and the acquisition of invaluable experience and practice by researchers.

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Willows in the environment

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0269727000007570 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. 215-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alastair H. C. Sommerville

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Ecological Role ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Wide Range

SynopsisThe ecological role of native willows is described in terms of the diverse structure of the species involved, the wide range of plant communities they form and the large numbers of invertebrates associated with them. The conservation importance of the genusSalixis discussed along with comments on the necessary management to retain willow habitats.

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