scholarly journals Histamine iontophoresis on the viability of random skin flap in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivaldo Esteves Júnior ◽  
Pascale Mutti Tacani ◽  
Victor Cicone Liggieri ◽  
Bruno Grinman Ruggi ◽  
Lydia Masako Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Flap Necrosis ◽  
Flap Viability ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Transdermal Iontophoresis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Sham ◽  
Respective Standard Deviation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of the histamine iontophoresis on the random skin flap viability in rats. METHODS: Sixty adult male Wistar rats were used. A cranially-based dorsal skin flap measuring 10 x 4 cm was raised and a plastic barrier was placed between the flap and its bed. After the surgical procedure, the animals were randomized into four groups (G1-G4) (n=15 each group) as follows: G1 (control) - sham electrical stimulation, G2 (electrical stimulation) - direct current electrical stimulation, G3 (histamine) - histamine and sham electrical stimulation and G4 (histamine iontophoresis) - transdermal iontophoresis of histamine. In all groups the procedures were performed immediately after the surgery and on the two subsequent days. The percentage of flap necrosis was measured on the seventh postoperative day. RESULTS: The mean and the respective standard deviation of the percentage of flap necrosis areas were as follows: G1 (control) - 47.87 ± 9.13%, G2 - 51.49 ± 8.19%, G3 - 46.33 ± 8.32% and G4 - 30.82 ± 11.25%. The G4 group presented a significantly smaller amount of flap necrosis when compared to the other groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The topical administration of the histamine by iontophoresis was effective to increase the viability of the random skin flaps in rats.

Third Place — Resident Clinical Science Award 1993: Effect of Pentoxyfylline on Myocutaneous Flap Viability in Pigs

1993 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Armstrong ◽  
Dario R. Kunar ◽  
Charles W. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Laser Doppler Velocimetry ◽  
Myocutaneous Flap ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Myocutaneous Flaps ◽  
Partial Necrosis ◽  
Flap Viability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Double Blinded

Partial necrosis of a skin flap can complicate reconstructive surgery. We performed a double-blinded crossover study to determine if pentoxifylline improves perfusion and survival of a myocutaneous flap. Ten 20-kg pigs were fed pentoxifylline (400 mg three times a day) or placebo for 1 week before and after raising a 5 × 30 cm panniculus carnosus flap on one flank. After 1 week of washout, each pig began the opposite drug treatment and the surgery was repeated on the opposite flank. Immediately after surgery, perfusion dermofluorometry and laser Doppler velocimetry demonstrated a significant increase in the perfusion of pentoxifylline-treated flaps compared to control flaps. On postoperative day 7, the mean area of clinical necrosis was 39.7 ± 4.7 cm2 on the placebo sides and 30.1 ± 4.6 cm2 on the pentoxifylline sides ( f = 2.21, p < 0.05). We conclude that pentoxifylline improves perfusion and survival of myocutaneous flaps in pigs. Clinical trials appear to be indicated on the basis of the findings of this experiment

Skin Flap Tension and Wound Slough: Correlation with Laser Doppler Velocimetry

1982 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne F. Larrabee ◽  
G. Allen Holloway ◽  
Ron E. Trachy ◽  
Dwight Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Laser Doppler Velocimetry ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Flap Necrosis ◽  
Skin Tension ◽  
Flap Viability ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Cutaneous Blood

The effects of wound tension on flap viability and blood flow are investigated in an animal model using the domestic piglet. In flaps with an impaired blood supply, wound closing tensions >250 g resulted in a significantly increased incidence of flap necrosis. The laser Doppler is a device of recent origin for the measurement of cutaneous blood flow. In this study, it provided a simple quantitative measure of the inverse relationship between skin tension and blood flow.

scholarly journals Mannitol in reperfusion skin island flaps injury

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Schanaider ◽  
Antônio Ambrósio de Oliveira Neto ◽  
Ilson Rosique da Costa ◽  
Gustavo Luiz Simões Leite ◽  
Daniela Peixoto Considera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Flap Viability ◽  
Group I ◽  
Skin Island ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pre Treatment

In the skin, the concept of reperfusion injury is well established. The application of this knowledge to deal with skin flap surgery problems, has a great prophylactic potential. This experimental study was performed to evaluate the action of mannitol as a scavenger of oxygen-free radicals, after an ischemia-reperfusion injury on skin island flaps. Thirty six male Wistar rats were divided into three test groups (n = 12): a non-ischemic group (group I), and two others (groups II and III) which were subjected to nine hours of ischemia following by 30 minutes of reperfusion. After seven days, all animals of group II, treated with saline, showed full skin flap necrosis. The assessment of group III, that received a 20% solution of mannitol prior to the onset of reperfusion, revealed 75% (9/12) of flap viability. These results suggest that pre-treatment with mannitol is able to enhance flaps survival with significantly less tissue necrosis (p <0.02).

scholarly journals Positive Effect of Andrographolide Induced Autophagy on Random-Pattern Skin Flaps Survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingtao Jiang ◽  
Jie Jin ◽  
Junsheng Lou ◽  
Jiafeng Li ◽  
Hongqiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Flap Necrosis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Flap Survival ◽  
Flap Viability ◽  
Skin Flap Survival ◽  
Positive Effect

Random-pattern skin flap replantation is generally used in the reconstruction of surgical tissues and covering a series of skin flap defects. However, ischemia often occurs at the flap distal parts, which lead to flap necrosis. Previous studies have shown that andrographolide (Andro) protects against ischemic cardiovascular diseases, but little is known about the effect of Andro on flap viability. Thus, our study aimed to building a model of random-pattern skin flap to understand the mechanism of Andro-induced effects on flap survival. In this study, fifty-four mice were randomly categorized into the control, Andro group, and the Andro+3-methyladenine group. The skin flap samples were obtained on postoperative day 7. Subsequently, the tissue samples were underwent a series of evaluations such as changes in the appearance of flap tissue, the intensity of blood flow, and neovascularization density of skin flap. In our study, the results revealed that Andro enhanced the viability of random skin flaps by enhancing angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis, and reducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, our results have also demonstrated that the administration of Andro caused an elevation in the autophagy, and these remarkable impact of Andro were reversed by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), the most common autophagy inhibitor. Together, our data proves novel evidence that Andro is a potent modulator of autophagy capable of significantly increasing random-pattern skin flap survival.

Role of Growth Factors in Improved Skin Flap Viability Caused by Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley C. Bandera ◽  
Thach Pham ◽  
Crystal Hill-Pryor ◽  
Mariama Bah-Sow ◽  
Nelson Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Flap Necrosis ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factors ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Flap Viability ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 5

Flap necrosis is one of the major complications of reconstructive surgery and sildenafil citrate has been shown to decrease flap necrosis in preclinical animal models. However, the mechanisms underlying sildenafil's therapeutic efficacy are not known. As with other phosphodiesterase 5 selective inhibitors, sildenafil causes vasodilation and enhanced blood flow. In addition, sildenafil can also alter gene expression. This study is designed to test the hypothesis that increased expression of angiogenic growth factors may be responsible for therapeutic efficacy of sildenafil. A modified McFarlane flap measuring 3 X 10 cm was created on the dorsal skin of male Sprague-Dawley rats. For growth factor expression experiment, rats were administered either vehicle or sildenafil 10 mg/Kg intraperitoneal (IP). Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extracted from skin flap was analyzed to assess the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of different angiogenic growth factors. For skin flap viability experiment, fibrin film impregnated with vehicle, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (5.0 μg) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (2.0 μg) was applied to the wound. The skin flap was then returned to its native position and stapled in place. Total affected area (area of necrosis and blood flow stasis) of each rat on postoperative day 14 was analyzed with orthogonal polarization spectral imaging. Daily systemic treatment with sildenafil significantly ( P < 0.05) increased the expression of FGF1 and FGF Receptor 3 on postoperative day 3 by 5.08- and 4.78-fold, respectively. In addition, sildenafil increased the expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and VEGF-C by 2.66-, 2.02-, and 2.00-fold, respectively. Subcutaneous treatment with FGF but not VEGF-A tended to decrease total affected area in rats. These data demonstrate that sildenafil altered the expression of FGF and VEGF. Altered expression of growth factors may be, at least partly, responsible for the beneficial effects of sildenafil citrate on skin viability.

Photoplethysmography in the Prediction of Experimental Flap Survival

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Bardach ◽  
Brian F. McCabe ◽  
Richard J. Voots ◽  
Mow Ming Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Skin Flap ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Flap Necrosis ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Flap Viability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blood Density ◽  
Density Scale ◽  
Experimental Flap ◽  
Venous Vasculature

A standard photoplethysmograph, modified to differentiate between arterial and venous vasculature in skin tissue, has been used to measure arterial supply in 100 unipedicle skin flaps in 25 pigs. A datum transform from a light intensity scale to a relative arterial blood density scale has been introduced and empirically labelled the vascular coefficient (VC). Statistical analysis of the VC data shows a significant difference between necrotic and surviving flap group mean data as early as 24 hours. Additional analysis in which a normal ogive was fitted to the sample VC data distributions suggests that statistically significant predictions of the probability of eventual flap necrosis can be made using VC measurements obtained immediately postoperatively. It is concluded that the modified photoplethysmograph in conjunction with the VC data transform, constitutes a usable measuring technique for skin flap viability prediction in the experimental animal.

Reconstruction of Tragus and External Auditory Meatus using Remnant Auricle during Microtia Reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 227-229
Author(s):  
Yi-gao Hu ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Jun Tan ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Tao Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Flap ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
External Auditory Meatus ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Flap Necrosis ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Thin Skin

AbstractThis article investigates an effective method with which to reconstruct the tragus and external auditory meatus for microtia reconstruction. The external ear was reconstructed using a delayed postauricular skin flap in patients with congenital microtia. After the first stage of delaying the postauricular skin flap and the second stage of otoplasty with ear framework fabricated from autogenous rib cartilage draping with the delayed skin flap, the third stage involved tragus and external auditory meatus canaloplasty. After designing the remnant auricle flap, the lower part was trimmed and the tragus was reconstructed. The upper part was trimmed into a thin skin flap, which was rotated and used to cover the hollowed wound posterosuperior to the tragus so as to mimic the external auditory meatus. If remnant wounds were present, skin grafting was conducted. In total, 121 patients with congenital microtia were treated from March 2010 to March 2016. The reconstructed tragus and external auditory meatus were well formed, and all wounds healed well. No severe complications such as flap necrosis occurred. Six months postoperatively, the morphology of the reconstructed tragus and external auditory meatus was good. Overall, the patients and their families were satisfied. The use of remnant auricle to reconstruct the tragus and external auditory meatus is an effective auricular reconstruction technique.

scholarly journals Are the Effects of Homeopathy Attributable to a Statistical Artefact? A Reanalysis of an Observational Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Lüdtke ◽  
Stefan N. Willich ◽  
Thomas Ostermann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Component Scores ◽  
True Population ◽  
Respective Standard Deviation

Background. Cohort studies have reported that patients improve considerably after individualised homeopathic treatment. However, these results may be biased by regression to the mean (RTM).Objective. To evaluate whether the observed changes in previous cohort studies are due to RTM and to estimate RTM adjusted effects.Methods. SF-36 quality-of-life (QoL) data from a German cohort of 2827 chronically diseased adults treated by a homeopath were reanalysed by Mee and Chua’s modifiedt-test.Results. RTM adjusted effects, standardized by the respective standard deviation at baseline, were 0.12 (95% CI: 0.06–0.19,P<0.001) in the mental and 0.25 (0.22–0.28,P<0.001) in the physical summary score. Small-to-moderate effects were confirmed for the most individual diagnoses in physical, but not in mental component scores. Under the assumption that the true population mean equals the mean of all actually diseased patients, RTM adjusted effects were confirmed for both scores in most diagnoses.Conclusions. Changes in QoL after treatment by a homeopath are small but cannot be explained by RTM alone. As all analyses made conservative assumptions, true RTM adjusted effects are probably larger than presented.

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