scholarly journals Genetic divergence among hybrids of 'Cravo' mandarin with 'Pêra' sweet orange

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Pedroso de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Ivan Aguilar-Vildoso ◽  
Marcos Antônio Machado
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
F1 Hybrids

Molecular markers have been used as tools in breading programs of sexual hybridation, allowing the genetic characterization of a large number of genotypes. The RADP markers are the most used since the employed techniques are simple and of low cost. To evaluate the genetic divergence among F1 hybrids of 'Cravo' mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and 'Pêra' sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), this study analyses the variability and similarity of the hybrids among themselves and with their parents. Random Amplified Polimorfic DNA marker analysis, with 102 primers, were applied to a population composed of 94 hybrids and their parents. Multivariate genetic divergence analysis of the principal components and Tocher grouping were carried out only considering the polymorphic fragments. Genetic distances were calculated by the arithmetic complement of the Jaccard index. Bidimensional dispersion graphs among hybrid and parent distances and of the divergence analysis by principal components were constructed. High genetic similarity among Cravo and Pêra varieties and their hybrids was verified, showing a casual distribution from the hybrids in relation to the parents, but in intermediary positions. The principal component analysis showed little applicability in the study of hybrid genetic divergence. The hybrids and parents were classified in groups based on the genetic similarity, using the Tocher optimization method.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BRAZILIAN PEPPER BASED ON QUALITATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gabriel Mascarenhas Maciel ◽  
Fábio Janoni Carvalho ◽  
Camila Soares de Oliveira ◽  
Aline José da Silveira ◽  
Lucas Medeiros Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Reproductive Phase ◽  
Brazilian Pepper

In Brazil, pepper cultivation gives producers more marketing opportunities in various segments, either for fresh consumption or industry. Reproductive traits are efficient methods for comparing genetic divergence in pepper, once most differences among accessions could be verified at this stage. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence in the reproductive phase of pepper accessions by multivariate analysis and test the efficiency of different methods. Sixty-five genotypes from the Federal University of UberlândiaCapsicum spp. Germplasm Bank were evaluated 145 days after sowing, and morphological characterization was performed at reproductive phase. Graphical representation of genetic distances was obtained by UPGMA. Tocher optimization method was also used to group accessions. Genotypes were arranged in seventeen different groups by Tocher method. UPGMA dendrogram collaborated with Tocher method, indicating the wide genetic variability of genotypes. Tocher and UPGMA methods were partially in agreement, allowing grouping 44 of the 65 analyzed accessionsequally. Multicategorical traits have the advantage of easy observation and require less time and labor, being ideal for use in gene bank and collections that do not have high human and financial resources. Moreover, these traits are not affected by the environment. Genetic divergence detected in this paper encourages other researchers to perform the characterization of pepper collections as completely as possible, because it becomes possible to generate more reliable information of the variability and genetic divergence among accessions. Our research discloses the reproductive biodiversity of pepper in “Alto Paranaíba” and “TriânguloMineiro” regions and the importance of maintaining these genotypes.

Genetic Evaluation and Bi-plot Analysis in Okra Hybrids for Yield, Quality Components and YVMV Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
SS SOLANKEY ◽  
ANIL K SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
Eigen Value ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
Yield Quality

Fifty one okra F1 hybrids (using 17 lines as female and 3 testers as male parent) were evaluated in RCBD design during two different consecutive seasons (summer and rainy). Phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV) for all studied character exhibiting environmental effects on the expression of characters. Heritability (h2b) along with genetic advance per cent of mean was found highest for character YVMV (86.95% and 150.61%). All the 51 okra hybrids were grouped into 4 distinct clusters in which Cluster II was the largest cluster having 28 F1s (54.90% of total F1s) followed by Cluster I with 14 F1s (27.45% of total F1s). Out of the major 6 PCs, 4 principal components (PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4) accounted with proportionate values of 22.61, 17.22, 11.87 and 10.63%, respectively and contributed 62.33 % of the cumulative variation having Eigen value more than one. Moreover, based on PCs and genetic divergence in Cluster I and Cluster IV for plant height, YVMV and number of fruit per plant is important to identify the best cross combination (Arka Abhay × Arka Anamika) in okra. Therefore, the best cross combinations for improvement in various economic traits can be recommended on the basis of genetic divergence and principal component analysis in okra.

scholarly journals A simple interferometric method to measure the calibration factor and displacement amplification in piezoelectric flextensional actuators

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco de Assis Andrade Barbosa ◽  
Gilder Nader ◽  
Ricardo Tokio Higuti ◽  
Cláudio Kitano ◽  
Emílio Carlos Nelli Silva
Keyword(s):  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Michelson Interferometer ◽  
Laser Interferometry ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Calibration Factor ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Interferometric Method ◽  
Established Technique

Laser interferometry is a well-established technique for the characterization of piezoelectric actuators. In this work, by using a low cost Michelson interferometer, the measurement of the calibration factor and the displacement amplification of a novel piezoelectric flextensional actuator (PFA), designed by using the topology optimization method, is performed. A simple method, based on small phase modulation depth when the PFA is driven by a triangular waveform, allows the absolute interferometer calibration. The free-displacement of the PFA for various drive voltages is measured and the displacement amplification is determined. The linearity and frequencyresponse of the PFA are evaluated up to 20 kHz

scholarly journals Regional Seismic Characterization of Shallow Subsoil of Northern Apulia (Southern Italy)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Enrico Paolucci ◽  
Giuseppe Cavuoto ◽  
Giuseppe Cosentino ◽  
Monia Coltella ◽  
Maurizio Simionato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Resonance Effects ◽  
Resonance Phenomena ◽  
Single Station ◽  
Seismic Characterization

A first-order seismic characterization of Northern Apulia (Southern Italy) has been provided by considering geological information and outcomes of a low-cost geophysical survey. In particular, 403 single-station ambient vibration measurements (HVSR techniques) distributed within the main settlements of the area have been considered to extract representative patterns deduced by Principal Component Analysis. The joint interpretation of these pieces of information allows the identification of three main domains (Gargano Promontory, Bradanic Through and Southern Apennines Fold and Thrust Belt), each characterized by specific seismic resonance phenomena. In particular, the Bradanic Through is homogeneously characterized by low frequency (<1 Hz) resonance effects associated with relatively deep (>100 m) seismic impedance, which is contrasting corresponding to the buried Apulian carbonate platform and/or sandy horizons located within the Plio-Pleistocene deposits. In the remaining ones, relatively high frequency (>1 Hz) resonance phenomena are ubiquitous due to the presence of shallower impedance contrasts (<100 m), which do not always correspond to the top of the geological bedrock. These general indications may be useful for a preliminary regional characterization of seismic response in the study area, which can be helpful for an effective planning of more detailed studies targeted to engineering purposes.

scholarly journals Determination of genetic divergence in pointed gourd by principal component and non-hierarchical euclidean cluster analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2421-2426
Author(s):  
Priyanka Verma ◽  
S. K. Maurya ◽  
Hridesh Yadav ◽  
Ankit Panchbhaiya
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Divergence ◽  
Pointed Gourd

The present investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research Centre, Pantnagar to estimate the ge-netic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 statistics for twelve characters on 35 genotypes of pointed gourd. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify the most discerning trait responsible for greater variability in the lines and on the basis of mean performance, genotypes were classified into different groups. Five principal components (PC) have been extracted using the mean performance of the genotypes and 83.23 per cent variation is yielded by the first five principal components, among them high mean positive value or higher weight age was obtained was obtained for days to first female flower anthesis and days to first fruit harvest among all the vectors, indicates that these traits are important component of genetic divergence in pointed gourd. Non- hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into seven clusters and the highest number of genotypes were found in cluster number IV i.e. eleven whereas maximum inter-cluster distance was found between the cluster III and VI i.e. 74.250, it indicates that a wide range of genetic divergence is present between the genotypes present among these two clusters. And as per contribution toward total divergence, traits like fruit yield per hectare and number of fruit per plant contributed 92.64% toward total divergence. The high diversity found in the genotypes showed its great potential for improving qualitative as well as quantitative traits in pointed gourd.

scholarly journals Selection of the Most Discriminating Morphological Qualitative Variables for Characterization of Fig Germplasm

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Giraldo ◽  
Margarita López-Corrales ◽  
José Ignacio Hormaza
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Total Variability

Most descriptor lists for the characterization of genetic resources in plants include a large number of traits whose evaluation is a lengthy and expensive process making the characterization of large germplasm collections difficult. Consequently, to facilitate the study and the conservation of germplasm, it is important to select carefully the most informative variables for each species. In this work, we applied sequential statistical procedures to select the most discriminant variables in fig (Ficus carica L.) from the initial 134 qualitative variables studied. A total of 34 variables was finally selected and broken down in 97 characters that were grouped by principal component analysis in 11 principal components that explain 93.34% of the total variability. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram derived from a similarity matrix generated using the Pearson's correlation coefficient among the 11 principal components selected classifies the cultivars in four main groups mainly based in the production type. These results show that redundant information can be obtained in morphological studies with a large number of variables resulting from correlation between variables. Consequently, a carefully selected and reduced number of highly discriminating variables can allow efficient fig germplasm characterization and discrimination resulting in significant savings of time and resources.

scholarly journals DIVERGÊNCIA GENÉTICA ENTRE GENÓTIPOS DE Mauritia flexuosa L. f. POR MEIO DE MORFOMETRIA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-590
Author(s):  
Rosimeire Barboza Bispo ◽  
Juliana de Freitas Encinas Dardengo ◽  
Rosimara Barboza Bispo ◽  
Rosieli Barboza Bispo ◽  
Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Formation Of Groups

O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar a variabilidade genética entre vinte genótipos de butiris (M. flexuosa L.f.) em vegetação natural nos municípios de Alta Floresta e Carlinda, MT, com base nas características morfológicas dos frutos e sementes, com o método de Otimização de Tocher, UPGMA e Análise de Componentes Principais. Foram amostrados 20 genótipos e avaliadas 8 caracteres morfológicos dos frutos e sementes. Os resultados foram obtidos através de medidas de Dissimilaridade, com o uso do programa GENES. O método de Tocher formou dois grupos, assim como o agrupamento UPGMA com corte a 80%. Com os Componentes Principais houve a formação de três grupos. As três metodologias utilizadas revelaram que existe divergência genética entre os vinte genótipos de buritis avaliados. A divergência evidenciada neste trabalho permite inferir que para melhor representar a diversidade encontrada em M. flexuosa deve-se amostrar indivíduos pertencentes aos três grupos formados pela dispersão gráfica dos componentes principais, já que o dendrograma UPGMA também evidencia essa classificação, assim, pode-se indicar essas árvores para futuras pesquisas de melhoramento e conservação da espécie. Palavras-chave: buriti; marcadores morfológicos; variabilidade genética.   GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG Mauritia flexuosa L. f. GENOTYPES BASED ON SEED AND FRUIT MORPHOMETRY   ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to characterize the genetic variability among twenty genotypes of M. flexuosa L. f. in natural vegetation in the municipalities of Alta Floresta and Carlinda, Mato Grosso state, Brazil, based on the morphological characteristics of the fruits and seeds, with the Tocher Optimization method, UPGMA and Principal Component Analysis. Twenty genotypes were sampled and eight morphological characteristics of fruits and seeds were evaluated. The results were based on the Dissimilarities Measures methodology, using the GENES program. The Tocher method formed two groups, as well as the UPGMA cluster with 80% cut. The Principal Components formed three groups. All methods used showed agreement on the formation of groups. The divergence presented in this research allows us to infer that in order to better represent the diversity found in M. flexuosa, individuals belonging to the three groups formed by the graphic dispersion of the principal components must be sampled, since the UPGMA dendrogram also shows this classification, so we indicate these trees for future breeding and conservation researches. Keywords: buriti; morphological characteristics; genetic variability.

scholarly journals Extracting Information from Interval Data Using Symbolic Principal Component Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Oliveira ◽  
M. Vilela ◽  
A. Pacheco ◽  
Rui Valadas ◽  
Paulo Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Interval Data ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Random Interval ◽  
Real Dataset ◽  
Component Estimation ◽  
Interval Valued

We introduce generic definitions of symbolic variance and covariance for random interval-valued variables, that lead to a unified and insightful interpretation of four known symbolic principal component estimation methods: CPCA, VPCA, CIPCA, and SymCovPCA. Moreover, we propose the use of truncated versions of symbolic principal components, that use a strict subset of the original symbolic variables, as a way to improve the interpretation of symbolic principal components. Furthermore, the analysis of a real dataset leads to a meaningful characterization of Internet traffic applications, while highligting similarities between the symbolic principal component estimation methods considered in the paper.

scholarly journals Characterization of genetic variability among common bean genotypes by morphological descriptors

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilene Santos de Lima ◽  
José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Pedro Crescêncio Souza Carneiro ◽  
Camila Santana Pereira ◽  
Rogério Faria Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity

The purpose of this study was to characterize the genetic variability in 100 genotypes of the Active Germplasm Bank of common bean of the Federal University of Viçosa, by morphological descriptors, classify them in groups of genetic similarity and to identify the degree of relevance of descriptors of genetic divergence. The genotypes were evaluated based on 22 quantitative and qualitative morphological descriptors. The high-yielding genotypes V 7936, Gold Gate, LM 95103904, 1829 S 349 Venezuela, and PF 9029975, CNFC 9454 and Fe 732015, with upright growth, have potential for use as parents in common bean breeding programs. By genetic divergence analysis, the genotypes were clustered in eight groups of genetic dissimilarity. By methods of principal components, 9 of the 22 descriptors were eliminated, for being redundant or little variable, suggesting that 10-20 morphological descriptors can be used in studies of characterization of genetic variation.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG Passiflora cristalina Vanderpl & Zappi. GENOTYPES BASED ON FLOWER AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
GREICIELE FARIAS DA SILVEIRA ◽  
ANA APARECIDA BANDINI ROSSI ◽  
TATIANE LEMOS VARELLA ◽  
MAURECILNE LEMES DA SILVA CARVALHO ◽  
CAROLINA JOANA DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Cluster Methods

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among Passiflora cristalina genotypes and quantify the relative contribution of 30 flower and fruit characteristics, seeking to support the preservation and characterization of genetic resources of the species for preservation and use in future breeding programs. We evaluated 150 fruit and 150 flowers collected in 15 genotypes with naturally occurring in the municipality of Alta Floresta, MT. The characterization of genotypes was performed through 30 morphological characteristics of flowers and fruits, 21 of these for flower and 9 for fruit. Data were evaluated using the principal components and cluster methods obtained by UPGMA method from the similarity matrix (Euclidian mean distance), using the Genes software. By principal component analysis, it has been found that the first three components have absorbed 52.11% of the accumulated variation. The characteristics that most contributed to the discrimination of genotypes were fresh fruit weight, stigma length, length of corona filaments, fruit width, petal width and pulp weight, which are more responsive for the selection of P.cristalina genotypes. Smaller contributions to diversity were obtained from anther width, bract width and fruit length. The smallest contributions for diversity were obtained from the following characteristics: anther width, bract width and fruit length. Through UPGMA clustering method, it was found that there is a large genetic divergence among genotypes analyzed because all genotypes were grouped with over 50% of dissimilarity. This study identified genotypes 4, 5 and 9 as the most divergent and therefore the most suitable for breeding in future breeding programs and genetic conservation of the species.

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