Soil preparation and nutrient losses by erosion in the culture cucumber

Minimum tillage reportedly reduce erosion, avoid soil degradation and improve crop productivity. This study aimed to determine how tillage operations may affect either nutrient accumulation or nutrient losses by erosion. The study was, carried out from December, 2000 to March, 2001, in the watershed of the Caetés River, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (22º25'43"S, 43º25'07"W). The experiment was set up in sandy clay Kandiudult soil, 60% slope, under cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) crop. Soil samples were collected before planting and after harvest, on 22.0 X 4.0 m Greeoff plots. After each rainfall, fine sediments carried by runoff were deposited into two collecting tanks in a row, installed at the end of each plot, and were later dried, weighed and stored for analyses. Treatments (n = 4) were characterized by different tillage systems: (i) downhill plowing followed by the burning of crop residues (DPB); (ii) downhill plowing with no burning of the crop residues (DPNB); (iii) animal traction contour plowing, with strips of guinea grass planted at a spacing of 7.0 m (AT); and (iv) minimum tillage (MT). Samples of the soil-plowed layer were collected before planting and after harvest, between the rows and from the plants. Total concentration of Ca, Mg, K and P were determined after extraction with nitric perchloride digestion. Labile P and exchangeable K were extracted with the Mehlich 1 extractant solution. The MT system reduced losses of both exchangeable bases (15%) and P (8%), and affected the distribution of labile and organic P. Crop residues left on soil surface in the MT system, resulted in increased organic matter content. Downhill plowing, the most used tillage operation in the region, resulted in the greatest losses of Ca, Mg, K, and P.

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Technosols Development in an Abandoned Mining Area and Environmental Risk Assessment

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11156982 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 6982

Author(s):

Chiara Ferronato ◽

Gilmo Vianello ◽

Mauro De Feudis ◽

Livia Vittori Antisari

Keyword(s):

Central Italy ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Mining Area ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Matter Content ◽

Mine Tailing ◽

Inorganic Materials ◽

Soil Features

The study of Technosols development, spatial distribution and physicochemical characteristics is becoming more and more important in the Anthropocene Era. The aim of the present study was to assess soil features and potential heavy metal release risk of soils developed on different mine tailing types after the waste disposal derived from mining activity in Central Italy. Soils were analyzed for their morphological, physical and chemical properties, and a chemical sequential extraction of heavy metals was performed. The investigated soils were classified as Technosols toxic having in some layer within 50 cm of the soil surface inorganic materials with high concentrations of toxic elements. Our findings showed that the bioavailability of potentially toxic element concentrations in the soil changed according to the origin of the mine tailing. However, because of the acidic pH, there is a serious risk of metals leaching which was reduced where the soil organic matter content was higher.

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EFFETS D'APPORT D'AMENDEMENTS LIGNEUX FRAIS ET HUMIFIES SUR LA PRODUCTION DE POMME DE TERRE ET SUR LA DISPONIBILITE DE L'AZOTE EN SOL SABLEUX

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss90-058 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 555-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

SUZANNE BEAUCHEMIN ◽

MARC R. LAVERDIÈRE ◽

ADRIEN N'DAYEGAMIYE

Keyword(s):

Crop Residues ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Matter Content ◽

N Immobilization ◽

N Recovery ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Wood Residues

Intensive potato cropping has been reported as a major cause of degradation of sandy soils. Wood residues from tree clipping applied to soils can substitute for crop residues to maintain adequate organic matter levels and crop productivity. However, this ligneous material presents a C:N ratio varying from 50 to 175 and, when applied in large quantities, may induce N immobilization at the expense of the crop. The objectives of this study were to quantify the importance of this N immobilization following addition of residues and its effect on yield and quality of potato crops. Fresh or humified residues (50 t ha−1) were applied to the soil and incorporated. The third treatment received no residue. Each treatment was subdivided into subtreatments which received either 0, 150, 200 or 250 kg N ha−1. P, K, Mg and S were applied at the same rate on all treatments. Following the application of wood residues in 1987, 46 kg N ha−1 were immobilized in amended plots. N recovery from fertilizer was 51%. To obtain comparable yields of similar quality to those measured on unamended plots, an additional 1.9 kg N t−1 residues added or 100 kg N ha−1 were required. In 1988, N immobilization was considerably reduced; yield and quality of potato tubers in plots that received wood residues the previous year were comparable to those of the unamended plots with appropriate fertilization. Water retention was significantly improved in plots that received wood residues. Partial decomposition of the residues for 1 yr prior to application on the soil did not significantly improve plant growth compared to fresh residues. Key words: Wood residues, tree clippings, potato yield, dry matter content, nitrogen immobilization, soil water content

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Soil structure after 18 years of long-term different tillage systems and fertilisation in Haplic Luvisol

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/38/2017-swr ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 140-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Šimanský Vladimír ◽

Lukáč Martin

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Management Practices ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Arable Soils ◽

Water Stable Aggregates

Soil structure is a key determinant of many soil environmental processes and is essential for supporting terrestrial ecosystem productivity. Management of arable soils plays a significant role in forming and maintaining their structure. Between 1994 and 2011, we studied the influence of soil tillage and fertilisation regimes on the stability of soil structure of loamy Haplic Luvisol in a replicated long-term field experiment in the Dolná Malanta locality (Slovakia). Soil samples were repeatedly collected from plots exposed to the following treatments: conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT) combined with conventional (NPK) and crop residue-enhanced fertilisation (CR+NPK). MT resulted in an increase of critical soil organic matter content (St) by 7% in comparison with CT. Addition of crop residues and NPK fertilisers significantly increased St values (by 7%) in comparison with NPK-only treatments. Soil tillage and fertilisation did not have any significant impact on other parameters of soil structure such as dry sieving mean weight diameters (MWD), mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates (MWDWSA), vulnerability coefficient (Kv), stability index of water-stable aggregates (Sw), index of crusting (Ic), contents of water-stable macro- (WSAma) and micro-aggregates (WSAmi). Ic was correlated with organic matter content in all combinations of treatments. Surprisingly, humus quality did not interact with soil management practices to affect soil structure parameters. Higher sums of base cations, CEC and base saturation (Bs) were linked to higher Sw values, however higher values of hydrolytic acidity (Ha) resulted in lower aggregate stability in CT treatments. Higher content of K+ was responsible for higher values of MWDWSA and MWD in CT. In MT, contents of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ were significantly correlated with contents of WSAmi and WSAma. Higher contents of Na+ negatively affected St values and positive correlations were detected between Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ and Ic in NPK treatments.

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Adsorption and Efficacy of Trifluralin and Butralin as Influenced by Soil Properties

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450008351x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 861-867 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

C. John Peter ◽

Jerome B. Weber

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Weed Control ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Adsorption ◽

Glycol Monoethyl Ether ◽

Chamber Studies ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Growth Chamber Studies

Significantly higher rates of butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] were required to produce the same level of weed control as trifluralin [2,6-dinitro -N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine] when applied to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] on seven different soils in the field. Higher rates of butralin were also required to control barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. ♯ ECHCG] in growth chamber studies. No differences in the extent of soil adsorption of trifluralin and butralin were apparent; therefore, differences in efficacy could not be attributed to differences in soil adsorption. Herbicide rates required for 80% weed control and Freundlich K-values (adsorption capacity indices) were mostly highly correlated with soil organic-matter content and soil surface area as measured by benzyl ethyl ether (BEE) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) on nine soils. Analysis of the organic-matter content of the nine soils by 10 soil testing laboratories resulted in highly significant differences among laboratories.

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PHOSPHORUS FORMS AND ADSORPTION IN A TYPIC QUARTZIPSAMMENT CULTIVATED WITH SUGARCANE HARVESTED WITHOUT BURNING

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n209rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 343-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JOSÉ DE SOUZA OLIVEIRA FILHO ◽

MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA ◽

BOANERGES FREIRE DE AQUINO ◽

THALES VINÍCIUS DE ARAÚJO VIANA

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Bottom Layer ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

P Uptake ◽

Cane Sugar ◽

Matter Content ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Native Forest ◽

P Adsorption

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the adsorption of phosphorus (P) and changes in the concentrations of organic and inorganic forms of P in a Neossolo Quartzarênico (Typic Quartzipsamment) after 9 years of successive cultivation with sugar cane without burning to harvest. Therefore, two areas, one in which cane sugar was planted and a native forest reference area, located in the municipality of Paraipaba-CE, were selected. In each area, samples were collected at depths of 0−0.025, 0.025−0.05, 0.05−0.10, 0.10−0.20, and 0.20−0.30 m, and the levels of organic (Po) and inorganic (Pi) phosphorus obtained by sequential extraction, the remaining phosphorus, and the maximum adsorption capacity of phosphorus by the soil were determined. In general, the permanence of straw on the soil surface under sugarcane cultivation promoted the maintenance of Po levels in the surface layers of the profile. The Po accumulated predominantly in the Po fraction extracted with sodium bicarbonate in both areas. Regarding the Pi content, changes were more evident during cultivation due to the effect of successive phosphate fertilizer applications. The fraction extracted with 0.1 mol L -1 sodium hydroxide was the most representative, with the highest levels of P uptake. P adsorption was influenced by the initial content of the nutrient in the soil and no relationship between P adsorption and organic matter content was observed. The highest level of adsorption was observed in the bottom layer of the forest area (133.3 mg kg -1) and the lowest level of adsorption was observed on the surface layer of the area under sugarcane cultivation (59.5 kg mg-1).

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Effect of crop rotations and fertilization on soil organic matter and some biochemical properties of a thick Black Chernozem

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss91-036 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 377-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 115

Author(s):

C. A. Campbell ◽

R. P. Zentner ◽

K. E. Bowren ◽

L. Townley-Smith ◽

M. Schnitzer

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Matter Content ◽

Organic C ◽

Cropping Frequency

The effects of crop rotation and various cultural practices on soil organic matter and some biochemical characteristics of a heavy-textured, Orthic Black Chernozem with a thick A horizon were determined after 31 yr at Melfort, Saskatchewan. Treatments investigated included: fertilization, cropping frequency, green manuring, and inclusion of grass-legume hay crops in predominantly spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems. The results showed that neither soil organic C nor N in the top 15 cm of soil, nor hydrolyzable amino acids, nor C mineralized in 14 d at 20 °C were influenced by fertilization. However, the relative molar distribution (RMD) of the amino acids reflected the influence of fertilization and the phase (Rot-yr) of the legume green manure rotation sampled. Some characteristics assessed increased marginally with increasing cropping frequency but differences were less marked than results obtained earlier in a heavy-textured Black Chernozem with a thin A horizon at Indian Head, Saskatchewan. The relationship between soil organic matter or C mineralization versus estimated crop residues, residue C, or residue N returned to the land over the 31-yr period, were not significant in the Melfort soil. This contrasts with our findings for the thin Black soil. We speculate that the lack of soil organic matter response in the Melfort soil was due to its very high organic matter content (about 64 t ha−1C and 6.5 t ha−1N in the top 15 cm). We also hypothesized that the amino acid RMD results, which differed from most of those reported in the literature, may be reflecting the more recent cropping history of the soil. This aspect requires further research into the composition and distribution of the humic materials in this soil. Key words: Amino acids, relative molar distribution, C respiration, green manures, fertilization

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HUBUNGAN KESUBURAN TANAH DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN

Jurnal Solum ◽

10.25077/js.7.1.27-36.2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Asmar Asmar ◽

Amrizal Saidi ◽

Masliyunas Masliyunas

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Gravimetric Method ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Organic C

A research about relationship between soil properties and crop yield was conducted in Pandai Sikek, Tanah Datar Region, center for cabbage and carrot production, West Sumatra in 2004 and 2005. Soil samples were collected from rainfed paddy soils by purposive random sampling. Soil samples were analyzed in Soil Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty and Agriculture Polytechnique Laboratory, Andalas University. Several soil physical properties analysed were soil bulk density and total soil pores by using gravimetric method, permeability with de Boodt method, soil water content at several pF values using pressure plate apparatus, and soil strength by using penetrometer. Soil chemical parameters analysed were soil pH using pH-meter, organic-C using Walkley and Black, available P using Bray II, and cation exchange capacity using NH4-leaching at pH 7.0, and N-total using Kjehdhal method. Crop productions were sampled from a 3x3 m2 of soil sampling area. The result showed that soils planted by cabbage and carrot had good soil physical properties, such as having balanced pore size distribution. The chemical properties of the soils were good as well, except N, K- and Ca-exchangeable which were very low. The other soil properties were quite good. Soil physical properties gave different response on both crops. Carrots were more response aeration pore and soil organic matter content, then cabbage was more response on BV, TSP, and slow drainage pores. While soil chemical properties did not give significant response. Both crops responded on Ca, but cabbage was more response on N-total, and carrot on CEC and saturated cationKey Words: Soil Physical Properties, Soil Fertility, Crop Productivity

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Impacts de l’agriculture de conservation sur les propriétés et la productivité des vertisols du Maroc Central

Afrika Focus ◽

10.21825/af.v25i2.4957 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rachid Moussadek

Keyword(s):

Crop Yields ◽

Management Practice ◽

Soil Water Potential ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Matter Content ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Nutrient Pool

In Morocco, intensive agriculture with deep tillage and soil inversion caused rapid soil structure deterioration with loss of soil organic matter content. This practice leads to a decrease in soil fertility, a degradation of the soil physical properties and a reduction of crop yields in different soil types, such as Vertisols. In fact, Vertisols (or Tirs as vernacular name) are among the most productive soils in Morocco, but they are also susceptible to compaction and reduced water infiltration due to intensive tillage. No-tillage (NT) is commonly promoted as a management practice capable of offsetting soil carbon depletion, improving aggregation, enriching the soil nutrient pool and enhancing crop productivity in many parts of the world. However, the influence of the NT system as compared to the conventional tillage (CT) system on physical, chemical and hydrodynamic soil properties was not yet well studied in the semi-arid environment of Morocco where rainfall ranges from 350 to 600 mm. This research focused mainly on those parameters with important agronomical or environmental impact: bulk density (Db), soil strength assessed using cone index (CI), hydraulic conductivity (K), sorptivity (S), soil water potential (SWP), soil organic carbon content or stock (SOCc or SOCs), runoff, soil loss, soil CO2 emission and crop yield.

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Impact of Crop Residues on Soil Organic Matter Content and the Production of Late Jute Seed

Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3923/jbs.2001.1124.1126 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 (12) ◽

pp. 1124-1126 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Md. A. Alim . ◽

M. M. Alam . ◽

S. Khandker . ◽

S. A. Ahmed . ◽

Ahsanul Haque . ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Organic Matter Content

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Microenvironment of Lake Huron sand dunes

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b83-028 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 241-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

K. A. Baldwin ◽

M. A. Maun

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Transition Zone ◽

Soil Moisture Content ◽

Sand Dunes ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Matter Content ◽

Lake Huron ◽

Canonical Variate

Measurements were obtained of relative abundance of vegetation, edaphic properties, and microclimate characteristics of some initial stages of the Lake Huron sand-dune sequence at Pinery Provincial Park, Ont. Of the five dune habitats sampled, the oldest (transition zone) was distinguishable from the rest on the basis of greater diversity and abundance of vegetation, higher organic matter content, higher moisture-retaining capacity, enhanced concentrations of available K+ and Mg2+, depleted levels of Ca2+ in the surface soil, reduced air turbulence, and slightly higher air temperatures. The midsummer microclimate of the open dune habitat was characterized by extremely high day temperatures at the soil surface (5 cm) with large diurnal temperature fluctuations. Soil moisture content was generally low in the surface layers of the soil, but at depths greater than 10 cm, it was always plentiful (> 2.5% of soil by weight). Canonical variates analysis showed that the transition zone habitat (800 years old) was separated from younger ones (first dune ridge, slack, high beach) on the first canonical variate (V1), which accounted for about 50% of the total dispersion in the data. The discrimination of the transition zone microclimate on V1 was best characterized by difference in soil moisture content at shallow depths (5 and 10 cm) and wind velocity at 50 and 150 cm above the soil surface.

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