Growth and yield of corn irrigated with saline water

Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important crop in Brazil and is cultivated in all regions, including the semi-arid area of Brazil, where the occurrence of irrigation water with high concentration of salts is common. Evaluating the growth and yield of the maize hybrid 'AG 6690' irrigated with water of different salinity levels was the objective of this experiment. Sowing was performed in pots with 12 seeds on May 23, 2003, and seedlings were thinned to two plants per pot. Irrigation was accomplished when the mean soil matric potential of each treatment was approximately -30 kPa using water with seven different electrical conductivities (ECi), varying from 0.3 to 4.5 dS m-1, which were obtained by addition of NaCl and CaCl2 in the equivalent proportion of 1:1. The dry weights of all parts of the corn plants as well as their evapotranspiration and water use efficiency were reduced by salinity. Grain yield decreased by 21 and 20% for each unit increase of ECi and electrical conductivity of soil solution (ECs) above the respective threshold values of 1.7 and 4.3 dS m-1, respectivelly. Plants were able to maintain the leaf area index unaltered under moderate saline conditions.

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Soil properties and shallot yield responses to different salinity levels

Sains Tanah - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology ◽

10.20961/stjssa.v17i1.41566 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Jauhari Syamsiah ◽

Rahayu Rahayu ◽

Wily Binafsihi

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Development ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Saline Water ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Local Varieties ◽

Exchangeable Ca ◽

Two Factors ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Yield Responses

Successful management of saline water could have significant potential for agricultural development in many areas, particularly in freshwater-scarce regions. To date, the effect of salinity on shallot (Allium Cepa L.) yield and growth parameters has not been studied in detail specifically for local varieties cultivated in Inceptisols. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of different levels of irrigation-water salinity (0, 1, 2, and 3 dSm-1) on soil chemical properties, the growth, and yield of local shallot varieties. The experiment was conducted in pots using a randomized plot design with two factors and three replications. The results showed that increases in salinity level affected increases soil pH, exchangeable Na percentages, and plant height growth. Nevertheless, bulb number and weight, soil exchangeable Ca and Mg, soil organic carbon, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was not significantly affected. The findings of the present study suggest that the local varieties—Brebes and Purbalingga—with irrigated salinity levels up to 3 dSm-1can be tolerated for shallot cultivation in Inceptisols.

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Yield of different rice cultivars at two levels of soil salinity under seawater intrusion in West Java, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nuning Argo Subekti ◽

Hasil Sembiring ◽

Erythrina ◽

Dedi Nugraha ◽

Bhakti Priatmojo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Seawater Intrusion ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

West Java ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Abstract. Subekti NA, Sembiring H, Erythrina, Nugraha D, Priatmojo B, Nafisah. 2020. Yield of different rice cultivars at two levels of soil salinity under seawater intrusion in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 14-20. A tendency to use saline water in rice production is rising in recent years, but the adaptation of variety under saline conditions is still questionable. The aim of the study was to evaluate the response of several rice cultivars on the growth and yield of rice under seawater intrusion in West Java. Two salt-tolerant cultivars (Inpari 34 and Inpari 35), two promising lines (PL-1 and PL-2) and two modern cultivars (Inpari 30 (Ciherang sub1) and Sidenuk) were evaluated in two soil salinity levels. In each farmer's field a Randomized Complete Block Design was applied with three replications per treatment. Results showed that Sidenuk and Inpari 30 produced same yield compared to tolerant varieties and promising lines during dry season under moderate soil salinity. There were not much different among the cultivars tested in terms of plant height and tiller number as well as the biomass and harvest index. However, under high soil salinity seed germination, plant height, number of tillers per plant, above-ground biomass, spikelet number, percent of sterile florets and productivity were significantly affected. Saline tolerant varieties Inpari 34 and Inpari 35 showed their superiority compared to non-tolerant varieties. Both varieties produced 40% higher yield than Inpari 30 (Ciherang sub 1) and Sidenuk.

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EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN RADIASI SURYA DAN SEBAGAI DASAR DALAM MODEL JARAK PAGAR(RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY AS BASIS THE CROPS MODELING OF JATROPHA)

Agromet ◽

10.29244/j.agromet.22.2.108-117 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Gusti Rusmayadi ◽

. Handoko ◽

Yonny Koesmaryono ◽

Didiek Hadjar Goenadi

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Plant Density ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Area Index ◽

Rainfall Condition ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Four Levels ◽

Radiation Use

Plant growth interpretation in term of accumulated intercepted solar radiation and the radiation use efficiency (RUE) was used to study the growth and analysis of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.). A number of crop growth simulation models have been developed using the RUE concept to predict crop growth and yield in various environments. These models generally calculate daily biomass production as the product of the quantity of radiation intercepted and RUE. This research was carried out to quantify the RUE, biomass and leaf area index on Jatropha under rainfall condition, four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N) and three population densities (P) planted twice. The experiments used a systematic Nelder fan design with 9 spokes and 4 – 5 rings were conducted at SEAMEO-BIOTROP field experiment in 2007. Data from the first experiment were used for parameterization and calibration and the second experiment data for model validation. Values of RUE were determined by nitrogen fertilizer and plant density. Based on parameterization, we found that RUE for prediction above ground biomass accumulation of Jatropha were 0.94 (r=0.83) g MJ-1 to 1.3 (r=0.75) g MJ-1. Validation between model prediction and field experimental data showed that model can simulate crop growth and development of Jatropha.

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Effects of light intensity modification by reflective aluminized screenhouse on sweet pepper growth and yield

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162014000400003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 626-635 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Regis de C. Ferreira ◽

Ricardo de S. Bezerra ◽

Juliano Q. S. Rosa

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Middle Income ◽

Area Index ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Active Radiation ◽

Incident Solar Radiation ◽

Use Efficiency

Sweet pepper is one of the ten most consumed vegetables in world. Although it develops better under protected environment, the cultivation in tropical countries is practiced in open field due greenhouse structure higher costs. Unfortunately, such practice has compromised the crop to reach either best yield or fruit quality. Since production and cost are the most important criteria for agricultural production, we aimed to evaluate reflective aluminized polypropylene shading net influence on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growth and production as intermediary alternative for low/middle income producers from Brazilian tropical regions. Sweet pepper Magali R hybrid was cultivated in two environments: FC - field conditions (control) and RS - reflective shading net with 40% shading rate. RS caused reductions in incident solar radiation (SR) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on the amount of 46.3% and 48.3%, respectively. There were no significant changes in temperature and relative humidity recorded for the two environments. In addition, RS allowed best use efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation since it promoted higher values of plant height, leaf number and area index than those reached on FC on the amount of 29%, 22% and 80 %, respectively. Similarly, plants grown under RS showed higher yield and marketable fruits and promoted less loses by sunscald.

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An advantageous level of irrigation water salinity for wheat cultivation

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v11i1.18225 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 141-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MA Mojid ◽

KFI Murad ◽

SS Tabriz ◽

GCL Wyseure

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Chloride Salt ◽

Area Index ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity

Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Shatabdi) to irrigation water of five salinity levels was investigated at the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) farm with a view to search for a possible advantageous salinity level for the crop. The experiment comprised five treatments ? I1: irrigation by fresh water of background salinity 0.385 dS m?1 (control) and I2 ? I5: irrigation by synthetic saline water (prepared by mixing sodium chloride salt with fresh water) of electrical conductivity (EC) 4, 7, 10 and 13 dS m?1 (at 25oC), respectively. Wheat was grown under three irrigations applied at maximum tillering, booting and milking/grain filling stages, and with recommended fertilizer dose. Irrigation water of EC ?10 dS m?1 significantly (p = 0.05) suppressed most growth and yield attributes, and yield of wheat compared to irrigation by fresh water (I1). An attention-grabbing observation was that irrigation by saline water of 4 dS m?1 (I2) contributed positively to the crop attributes. Leaf area index (LAI), spike length, spikelets and grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and above ground dry matter (ADM) of wheat increased by 1.9?3.4, 0.9, 2.6, 7.4, 2.1 and 2.8?6.0%, respectively in I2 compared to the control. The improvement in the LAI and ADM in I2 was significant over I1. Because of the largest spike density, the utmost grain (3.85 t ha?1), straw (5.09 t ha?1) and biomass (8.93 t ha?1) yields of wheat were however obtained under I1. The proposition of the advantageous irrigation water salinity level of 4 dS m?1 thus warrants further investigation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i1.18225 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(1): 141-146, 2013

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Growth and yield of lettuce plants under salinity

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362005000400014 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 931-934 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Jerônimo L. Andriolo ◽

Gean L. da Luz ◽

Maiquel H. Witter ◽

Rodrigo dos S. Godoi ◽

Gisele T. Barros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Electrical Conductivities ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Set Up ◽

Positive Effect

Lettuce plants, cv. Vera, were grown under five salinity levels in a hydroponical experimental set-up using a 0.15 m deep sand growing bed. A standard nutrient solution was used, with the following composition, in mmol L-1: 16.9 NO3-; 2.0 H2PO4-; 1.0 SO4- 4.0 Ca++; 10.9 K+ e 1.0 Mg++, and, in mg L-1, 0.42 Mn; 0.26 Zn; 0,05 Cu; 0,50 B; 0,04 Mo, and 4.82 chelated Fe. The five salinity levels compared as treatments were obtained by varying the concentration of the standard nutrient solution, reaching average electrical conductivities (EC) of 0.80; 1.93; 2.81; 3.73 and 4.72 dS m-1, for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The nutrient solution at each salinity level was supplied from a reservoir by means of a flooded-type electrical pump, for 15 minutes, at intervals of 90 minutes during the day and 420 minutes during the night. A completely randomised experimental design was used with four replications and 20 plants per plot. Four plants of each plot were harvested at 32 days after planting, to determine shoot and root dry mass, shoot fresh weight, leaf area and number of leaves per plant. Number of leaves was 18 per plant and was not affected by treatments. Dry mass of leaves increased 24,4% from T1 to T3. No relationships were found on data from stem and root dry mass. A positive effect of EC was recorded on shoot fresh mass, which increased 28.5% from T1 to T2, and decreased 16.5% from T2 to T5. Maximum LAI estimated value was 4.3 m² m-2 for an EC of 2.6 dS m-1. Salinity levels above 2.0 and 2.6 dS m-1 reduce fresh yield and plant growth, respectively.

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Salinity affects the growth and quality of rose (Rosa damascena)

Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology ◽

10.46653/jhst2141030 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Haseeb Islam ◽

Hafiz Muhammad Bilal ◽

Haq Nawaz ◽

Ahmed Raza ◽

Khurram Shehzad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Saline Water ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Abiotic Factor ◽

Flower Diameter ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Water Plants

Soil salinity is an important abiotic factor that adversely affects plant growth. In present study, response of rose (Rosa damascena) was evaluated to various NaCl salinity levels developed by irrigating saline water. Plants were irrigated with different salinities, viz. 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM NaCl. After treatments application, plants were sampled, and relative growth rate (RGR) was calculated. Growth rates were significantly reduced as recorded for flower diameter, number of leaves per plant, number of shoots per plant, number of flowers per plant, number of petals per flower, fresh and dry weight of flower and petals. Results depicted that plant growth and yield significantly reduced with increase in salt concentration particularly when >150 mM NaCl was applied. Therefore, it is suggested that Rosa damascena may be best grown when salinity level of ≤150 mM and should not be grown in areas where salt concentrations are greater than 150 mM.

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Effect of Saline Water Stress in the Presence of Silicon Foliar Application on Growth, Productivity and Chemical Constituents of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) under Egyptian Conditions

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2020/v4i230083 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 28-45

Author(s):

W. M. A. Moghith ◽

A. S. M. Youssef ◽

M. A. Abd El-Wahab ◽

Y. F. Y. Mohamed ◽

M. Abou El-Ghait, Eman

Keyword(s):

Combination Treatment ◽

Saline Water ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Root Weight ◽

High Concentration ◽

Salvia Hispanica ◽

Salvia Hispanica L

The pot experiment was carried out during two successive seasons (2016/2017 & 2017/2018) to study the effect of five levels of salinity and three levels of silicon (Si), as a foliar-spray application as well as their combinations on growth, productivity and chemical constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plants. Results showed that there was a negative relationship between vegetative growth measurements i.e., plant height, fresh weight and dry weight, flowering growth and yield parameters i.e., main inflorescence height, main inflorescence weight, inflorescences weight, seeds weights, weight of 1000 seeds and calculated seeds yield /m2 and root growth measurements i.e. root length, root weight and root diameter values and salinity treatments in both seasons. Hence, as the concentrations of salinity increased, the values of these parameters decreased to reach the maximum decreasing at the high concentration (4.69 dS m-1). Therefore, the combination treatment between 0.68 dS m-1 salinity concentration and 2000 ppm silicon scored the highest values of these parameters, in the 1st and 2nd seasons. Meanwhile, the maximum values of N, P and K contents were recorded by the combination treatment between 0.68 dS m-1 salinity concentration and 2000 ppm silicon in both seasons. Whereas, the highest values of free proline, sodium and chloride content were gained by the high concentration of salinity 4.96 dS m-1 especially those received silicon at 0 ppm in both seasons. Conclusively, the highest growth, productivity and chemical constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plant, it is preferable to grow the plants under saline water irrigation concentration at (0.68 dS m-1) and spray with silicon at 2000 ppm.

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Effect of Planting Density on the Growth and Yield of Sunflower under Mulched Drip Irrigation

Water ◽

10.3390/w11040752 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 752

Author(s):

Li ◽

Qu ◽

Chen ◽

Yang ◽

Huang

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Plant Density ◽

Saline Water ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Irrigation District ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Planting Density ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Area Index ◽

Mulched Drip Irrigation

A field experiment was conducted to test the suitability of growing sunflower undermulched drip irrigation with saline water in the HID (Hetao Irrigation District), North China. Theexperiment included five planting densities in which the plant spacing was 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 cmwith the same spacing (50 cm) between rows. The results indicated that mulched drip irrigationwith saline water was more water‐saving than traditional ground irrigation using fresh water, whilethe irrigation quota increased with the increase of planting density. Little difference of soilsalinization was found for the treatments in the 50–100 cm soil layer, which indicated that additionalmeasures should be taken for salt balance with saline water irrigation. The height and leaf area index(LAI) of sunflower increased in response to the increase of plant density, and the head dry mattertransferred to the stem at plant densities higher than 47,619 plants/hm2. Though the grain weightand 1000‐seed weight decreased with increasing plant density, the achene yield and biomassproduction increased. This research suggests that a plant spacing of 35 cm with 50 cm of row spacingis more suitable for sunflower mulched drip irrigation with saline water at concentrations of 3.0g∙L−1.

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Strategies of fertigation with saline water for growing cucumber in a greenhouse

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n9p606-610 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 606-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francisco de A. de Oliveira ◽

Maria L. de Souza Neta ◽

Neyton de O. Miranda ◽

Antônia A. T. Souza ◽

Mychelle K. T. de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Saline Water ◽

Fine Sand ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Simultaneous Application ◽

Split Root ◽

Split Root System ◽

Electrical Conductivities ◽

Tolerance To Salinity ◽

Nutrient Solutions

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of saline water to grow cucumbers cultivated in substrate composed of coconut fiber and washed fine sand (1:1) and submitted to split-root system. The experimental design was completely randomized, with eight treatments and four replicates. Treatments consisted of different fertigation managements, comprising two nutrient solutions of different electrical conductivities (1.65 and 6.25 dS m-1), applied in a continuous or alternated way, with splitting or not of the root system (S/S). Growth and yield variables were evaluated. The use of water with electrical conductivity of 6.25 dS m-1 to prepare the nutrient solution caused significant reduction in all variables of cucumber growth and production. Adoption of split-root system with simultaneous application of the two water types increased cucumber tolerance to salinity.

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