scholarly journals Chemical and bromatological characteristics of elephant grass silages containing a mango by-product

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareth Maria Teles Rêgo ◽  
José Neuman Miranda Neiva ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
Magno José Duarte Cândido ◽  
Maria Socorro de Sousa Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ph Values

This study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) silages with the addition of 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16% dehydrated mango (Mangifera indica, L.) by-product (DMB), on the fresh matter basis. A randomized complete design with four replications was used. As experimental silos, 210L plastic drums were used. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HCEL), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN, % total N), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN, % total N), pH values, ammoniacal nitrogen (% total N), lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid levels were determined. The DM, OM, CP, EE, NFC, NDIN, lactic acid and propionic acid levels increased with the DMB addition while the NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, N-NH3/ammoniacal nitrogen levels and the pH values decreased with the DMB addition. The addition of DMB had a quadratic effect on the acetic and butyric acid levels but there was no effect with the addition of DMB on TC and ADIN. The DMB can be used at the ensiling of the elephant grass, because the addition of 8.6% improves the silages fermentative process. However, these silages have low crude protein levels and high contents of ether extract and nitrogen compounds mixed with the fiber (NDIN and ADIN) in the silages, that may damage their use by animals.

scholarly journals Chemical and bromatological characteristics of elephant grass silages with the addition of dried cashew stalk

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareth Maria Teles Rêgo ◽  
José Neuman Miranda Neiva ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
Magno José Duarte Cândido ◽  
Maria Socorro de Souza Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Total N

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) silages with the addition of 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16% dried cashew stalk (Anacardium occidentale L.) - DCS, based on the fresh matter. A randomized complete design with four replications was used. Twenty 210 L plastic drums were used as experimental silos. The levels were determined of the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN,% total N), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN, % total N), pH values, ammonia nitrogen (in percentage of the total nitrogen, N-NH3, % total N), lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid. Adding DCS resulted in higher values of DM, CP, EE, NFC, NDIN (% total N), ADIN (% total N), pH, lactic acid and propionic acid. On the other hand, with increasing DCS levels, a linear decline was observed in values of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, ammonia nitrogen (% total N) and butyric acid. DCS did not show effect on the TC and acetic acid in the silages. As a result, up to 16% dehydrated cashew stalk may be added to elephant-grass silages, based on the fresh matter, to increase CP and NFC levels and decrease NDF and ADF and improve the fermentation patterns. It should be taken into account that higher NDIN and ADIN values may interfere in nitrogen availability and therefore in further DM intake.

scholarly journals In vitro fermentation of the rations containing Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) using two types of inoculum

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Cantão Veloso ◽  
Sílvia Cristina de Aguiar ◽  
Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽  
Ilda dos Santos Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Sheep Feces

The effect of inclusion of Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) in standardized diets of sheep on in vitro digestibility and parameters fermentation was examined using two different inoculums (ruminal liquid and sheep feces). To determine the nutrients’ in vitro digestibility coefficient (IVDC), two sheep were used as inoculum donors. The experimental design was factorial (4 × 2), with four diets containing different proportions of Noni and two types of inoculum. The different dietary proportions of Noni (0%, 8%, 16%, and 24%) did not affect the IVDC of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) for both inoculums. The IVDC of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) differed significantly between the inoculums. After in vitro incubation for 24 h, the pH value of the fermented material differed between the different diets and between the inoculums. Moreover, the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen was affected by the proportion of Noni and differed between the inoculums after incubation for 24 h. The inclusion of up to 24% of Noni in standardized rations for ruminants did not affect the IVDC of DM, OM, CP, and NDF. The use of feces as inoculum for in vitro fermentation produced lower IVDC values than those by ruminal liquid. The diet containing 8% of Noni and fermented with ruminal liquid produced higher pH values after 24 h of incubation. Taken together, the different dietary Noni proportions and the different inoculums can alter the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen of sheep diets after 24 h in vitro fermentation; however, they seem not to affect the IVDC of the nutrients.

scholarly journals Performance and digestibility of confined lambs fed with Babassu cake (Orbignya speciosa) as a substitute for elephant grass silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
J.B. Luz ◽  
D.I. Gomes ◽  
E.R. Santos Neta ◽  
R. Mezzomo ◽  
L.R.S. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Babassu Cake

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the partial replacement of elephant grass silage with babassu (Orbignya speciosa) on the performance, intake, digestibility, and carcass weight gain of sheep. Fifty-four castrated male lambs (19.08±2.76kg) were distributed in a completely randomized design and administered one of the following treatments: 0.0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5 or 50% dry matter (%DM) replacement of elephant grass silage with babassu cake. No difference (P> 0.05) was observed in the dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber intake, but the ether extract intake increased (P< 0.05). The digestibility of the dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients were unaffected. The crude protein digestibility decreased (P< 0.05), and the ether extract digestibility increased with the replacement of the elephant grass. There were no changes in mean daily weight gain and carcass weight gain. In the carcasses, a linear increase was observed in the proportion of the ether extract, and the crude protein decreased. The replacement of the silage with the babassu cake by up to 50% did not change the performance of sheep, however it led to an increase in fat deposit in the carcass.

scholarly journals Silage fermentation and ruminal degradation of cassava foliage prepared with microbial additive

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Li ◽  
Xuejuan Zi ◽  
Hanlin Zhou ◽  
Renlong Lv ◽  
Jun Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total N ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

Abstract To effectively utilize the tropical cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) foliage (CF) resources, the CF silages were prepared with microbial additives, including Chikuso-1 (CH1, Lactobacillus plantarum), Snow Lact L (SN, L. rhamnosus), Acremonium cellulase (CE), SN + CE and CH1 + CE. Silage fermentation, chemical composition and ruminal degradation were studied in Hainan, China. CF silages prepared with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and CE were well preserved, with a higher (P < 0.05) lactic acid, a lower (P < 0.05) pH value, butyric acid content and NH3-N ⁄ total-N compared with the controls. The additive-treated silages showed increased crude protein (CP) content, but decreased (P < 0.05) NDF and ADF contents. Meanwhile, the additive treatment improved relative feed value and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), CP, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. In addition, the combination of LAB and CE resulted in better fermentation quality and ruminal degradability compared with LAB or CE single treatment. The results demonstrated that the CF could be prepared as ruminant feed, and the combination of LAB and CE might exert beneficial synergistic effect on silage fermentation.

Effect of inclusion of grasses and wet hulless-barley distillers’ grains on the fermentation and nutritive quality of oat straw- and straw-grass silages in Tibet

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
XianJun Yuan ◽  
ChengQun Yu ◽  
ZhiHua Li ◽  
M. Shimojo ◽  
Tao Shao
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Total N ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Oat Straw

In order to enlarge the feed resources in Tibet, oat straw was conserved as silage by combining with tall fescue and wet hulless-barley distillers’ grains (WHDG). In Experiment 1, oat straw was ensiled with four levels of tall fescue (0, 20, 40 or 60% of fresh weight) in laboratory silos for 30 days. Ensiling oat straw with tall fescue significantly increased (P < 0.05) lactic acid and water-soluble carbohydrate contents, and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acid concentrations. The values of pH and ammonia/total N decreased with the increase in tall fescue ratios. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in pH value between 40 and 60% tall fescue inclusion silages. To maximise the use of straw, it was suggested that 40% tall fescue inclusion was proper for further study. In Experiment 2, mixture of tall fescue and oat straw (6/4) were ensiled with 0, 10, 20 or 30% WHDG, triplicate silos for each treatment were opened on 7, 14, 30 and 60 days after ensiling, respectively, the fermentation characteristics and in vitro rumen degradability were analysed. WHDG addition significantly improved the fermentation quality of mixed silages, indicated by significantly lower (P < 0.05) pH, ammonia/total N , butyric acid and propionic acid concentrations and significantly higher (P < 0.05) DM and lactic acid content than the control. WHDG addition silages also showed higher crude protein contents, and lower neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre content. These results suggest that adding WHDG to mixture of oat straw and tall fescue before ensiling appears to be a feasible strategy to improve the fermentation and nutritive quality of straw-grass silage.

Supplementary effect of concentrate feed on the performance and nutrient digestibility of Cane-Rats (Thryonomys Swinderianus) fed a basal diet of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpurеuт)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
A. A. Taiwo ◽  
A. J. Fayenuwo ◽  
A. K. Omole ◽  
E. A. Adebowale ◽  
J. B. Fapohunda
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Concentrate Treatment ◽  
Average Body

A study was conducted to the determine the effects of concentrate supplimentation on performance and nutrient digestibility in cane-rats/grasscutters. There were initiall three treatments: 0%, 10% and 20% concentrate supplementation onas fed basis to a basal elephant grass diet. Fifteen weaned cane-rats with average body weights of 1150g(士365.40) were randomly assigned to the three treatments based on weight and sex. The growth study was conducted for eight weeks. A nutrient digestibility study was also conducted using three grasscutters per treatment. The cane-rats fes 20% supplementary concentrate gained more weight than those offered 10% concentrate feed. Crude protein was better (p<0.05) digested by cane-rats on 20% concentrate feed whereas, ash and ether extract digestibility were better on 10% concentrate feed. The 0% concentrate treatment was terminated because three of the cane-rats(68% mortality) died within three weeks of the study. It is recomendedfrom this study that cane-rats fed a basal grass diet should be supplemented with 20% concentrate on as fed basis

scholarly journals Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana de Souza Martins ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Marili Lopes Lederer ◽  
José Luís Moletta ◽  
Shivelly Los Galetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Four Levels

Due to the seasonal cycle of forage, the use of silage to feed animals provides nutrients throughout the year. However, its quality can be improved with the inclusion of additives and other products. Glycerol is a rich source of energy and present a high efficiency of utilization by animals. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of glycerol inclusion on the chemical and fermentation characteristics of corn and sunflower silages. Two silage sources (maize and sunflower) were used and four levels of glycerol inclusion (0, 15, 30 and 45%) based on dry matter were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with five replications. The pH values and chemical composition of corn and sunflower silages were determined. In both silages there was increment of dry matter, non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients (TDN) added to a reduction of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber due to the glycerol inclusion. The corn silage required 45% glycerol to achieve the TDN level of the sunflower silage. The glycerol addition contributed to the increase in the nutritional value, offsetting loss of quality in the ensiling process.

scholarly journals Nutrient content and fermentation characteristics of ensiled Italian ryegrass and winter cereal mixtures for dairy cows

Krmiva ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Worku Alamayehu ◽  
Hedvig Fébel ◽  
Szilvia Orosz ◽  
Tamȧs Tóth ◽  
György Bȧzȧr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Fresh Mixture

The interest in new alternative forages in Europe has increased in recent years. The nutritional composition and fermentation characteristics during different stages of ensiling were studied with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and winter cereal mixtures. The trial was carried out on a large-scale farm Galgamenti Agricultural Limited Company, Tura, Hungary. Two different forage mixes were studied: Mixture A (three types of Italian ryegrass 40% + two types of triticale 20%+ two types of oats 20%+ wheat 15%+ barley 5%) and Mixture B (three types of Italian ryegrass 55% + two types of winter oats 45%). Experimental field was 30.600 m 2 by the treatments, respectively. The two different forage mixes were sown on 11th September 2017 (Mixture A: 75 kg seed/ha; Mixture B: 75 kg seed/ha) with depth of 2-5 cm. Plant protection treatment was not applied during the growing season. Cutting was carried out in heading stage of triticale by hand at 10 cm stubble height. The fresh Mixture A (dry matter 189 g/kg; crude protein: 161 g/kg DM; NDF: 485 g/kg DM) and the fresh Mixture B (dry matter 195 g/kg; crude protein: 159 g/kg DM; NDF: 519 g/kg DM) were wilted to 28-32% DM (24h) without any movement on the windrow. The wilted forage was picked up by hand and chopped by a forage harvester (John Deere 7300) on concrete surface with theoretical chop length of 9 mm (weight: 800 kg). Wilted and chopped material of 510 g were packed by hand into a glass jars (0.00072 m3 volume, n=5, total no. of minisilos = 15). Five laboratory silos per mixtures were opened on 7, 14 and 90 days after ensiling. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), ether extract (EE), ash, and total sugar of all treatments were determined. Additionally, pH and the concentration of ammonia-N, volatile fatty acids were measured in the ensiled mixtures. At the end of 90 days of ensiling in both mixture silages, there were significant differences (p&lt;0.05) in all nutrient contents except for ADF in Mixture A and CP, ash and CF in Mixture B which was not affected by fermentation duration. Ensiling caused a significant decrease in pH (p&lt;0.05), due to the production of lactic acid and succeeded to achieve lactic acid type fermentation. Values for ammonia-N, ethanol and acetic acid, butyric acid were all low. These results indicated that the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass and winter cereal silages underwent rapid fermentation and were well-preserved.

scholarly journals Agronomic and nutritional responses of Carajas elephant grass fertilized with protected and non-protected urea

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gleyson da Silveira Alves ◽  
Maria Socorro de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
Magno José Duarte Cândido ◽  
Rafael Nogueira Furtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Elephant Grass

The objective of this study was to assess the agronomic and nutritional responses of the elephant grass cultivar Carajas when subjected to fertilization with protected and conventional urea. A randomized block design with 4×2+1 factorial arrangement was adopted. The treatments consisted of four doses (100, 200, 400, and 800 kg N ha-1), two nitrogen sources (conventional and protected urea), and one additional treatment without fertilization. The experiment was carried out from October 2015 to March 2016, in a semi-arid region with a dystrophic yellow latosol type soil. The application of conventional urea was done with each of the multiple cuts performed per year, whereas the protected urea was applied in a single dose. Total senescence rate (TSR), leaf and stem elongation, height, tiller density, total forage biomass, green leaf and stem biomass, and dry matter all increased with increasing N doses. However, the phyllochron, live material/dead material ratio, and agronomic efficiency all decreased with N increasing dose. Plants fertilized with protected urea presented greater TSR and phyllochron. Mineral matter content was higher in plants fertilized with conventional urea. Neutral detergent fiber content was maximized at a dose of 437.63 kg N ha-1. The protected urea resulted in a higher value of leaf/stem ratio at the 400 kg N ha-1 dose, whereas ether extract and crude protein at the 800 kg N ha-1. With application of conventional urea, the highest crude protein value occurred at a dose of 100 kg N ha-1. The morphogenesis, structure, production, and chemical composition of elephant grass ‘Carajas’ were all positively influenced when nitrogen doses were increased, with the recommended optimal dose for use being 400 kg N ha-1 for both sources. The use of protected urea is recommended because of its slow release and need for only a single application.

scholarly journals Isotopic of nitrogen and chemical analysis of deferred grazing marandu palisadegrass fertilized with urea and poultry litter

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Luzia Fournou de Lima ◽  
Carlos Ducatti ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles ◽  
Luciane Do Carmo Seraphim ◽  
Marco Aurélio Factori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total N ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

This study aimed to evaluate and quantify the methodology of stable isotopes, 15N values for the organic fertilizer (chicken manure) and inorganic (urea). In addition to evaluating the incorporation rate, chemical half-life and analysis thereof, for possible traceability through the pasture fertilized with different sources of N. The technique of employment with use of tracer stable isotope 15N possible to estimate the changes in the N soil, even in the face of the various changes that take place concurrently. The methodology determines the path of both N isotopes (15N and 14N), providing information about the system and estimating N transformation rates The experimental work was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP Botucatu. An area of 576m2 was used for the parcels, which were divided between the 3 treatments with 4 repetitions each: T1 - control treatment without fertilization; T2 - fertilization with urea and T3 - organic fertilizer with poultry litter. The grass was cut every 15 days, three months after fertilization, for a total of four periods of grazing exclusion. Experimental samples were analyzed for the isotopic nitrogen and crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition. Degradation of poultry litter, the sand bag method was analyzed by linear regression. (delta-N-15) forage, fodder percentage of nitrogen, percentage of total nitrogen sheet, (delta-N-15) on the sheet, and (delta-N-15) at the helm were different between treatments. To this end collection, difference was observed for% Total Nitrogen, % Total N in sheet, % Total N in the trunk and% Total N at the helm. The crude protein analysis revealed significant differences between treatments, while the crude protein and lignin differ according to time after fertilization. The technique of N stable isotope effectively distinguish the composition of organic and inorganic fertilizers in deferred grazing pastures of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Forage quality was not influenced by the source of N.

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