scholarly journals In vitro fermentation of the rations containing Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) using two types of inoculum

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Cantão Veloso ◽  
Sílvia Cristina de Aguiar ◽  
Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽  
Ilda dos Santos Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Sheep Feces

The effect of inclusion of Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) in standardized diets of sheep on in vitro digestibility and parameters fermentation was examined using two different inoculums (ruminal liquid and sheep feces). To determine the nutrients’ in vitro digestibility coefficient (IVDC), two sheep were used as inoculum donors. The experimental design was factorial (4 × 2), with four diets containing different proportions of Noni and two types of inoculum. The different dietary proportions of Noni (0%, 8%, 16%, and 24%) did not affect the IVDC of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) for both inoculums. The IVDC of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) differed significantly between the inoculums. After in vitro incubation for 24 h, the pH value of the fermented material differed between the different diets and between the inoculums. Moreover, the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen was affected by the proportion of Noni and differed between the inoculums after incubation for 24 h. The inclusion of up to 24% of Noni in standardized rations for ruminants did not affect the IVDC of DM, OM, CP, and NDF. The use of feces as inoculum for in vitro fermentation produced lower IVDC values than those by ruminal liquid. The diet containing 8% of Noni and fermented with ruminal liquid produced higher pH values after 24 h of incubation. Taken together, the different dietary Noni proportions and the different inoculums can alter the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen of sheep diets after 24 h in vitro fermentation; however, they seem not to affect the IVDC of the nutrients.

scholarly journals Pepper (Capsicum ssp.) as a feed additive in sheep rations using two types of inoculum: Effects on in vitro digestibility and fermentation parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3653
Author(s):  
Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽  
Alexande Lima de Souza ◽  
Suellem Fernanda Perosa Zanin ◽  
Sílvia Cristina de Aguiar ◽  
Ilda de Souza Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Sheep Feces

The influence of pepper (Capsicum ssp.) as a feed additive to balanced sheep rations on the in vitro digestibility coefficient of nutrients and their fermentation parameters was evaluated in two different inocula: rumen liquid and sheep feces. Four inclusion levels of pepper (0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of DM) and two types of inoculum were arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, in a completely randomized design. Experimental rations were balanced to include 0.0%; 0.2%; 0.4% and 0.6% Capsicum ssp., with 13.5% crude protein and 70.0% total digestible nutrients (TDN). A basal diet of 60% bulk (corn silage) and 40% of the concentrate containing 0.0% Capsicum ssp. was given to the inoculant donor animals. Two sheep with a mean bodyweight of 27.6 + 1.6 kg were used as inoculum donors (ruminal fluid and feces) for the determination of the IVDC of nutrients. The variables studied were submitted for analysis of variance and the inclusion levels of pepper. Regression analysis was performed at 5% of probability and for the different inocula, a Tukey test was performed at 5% significance. The different levels of inclusion of pepper (0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%) in the balanced sheep rations were not altered (P > 0.05) the IVDC of DM; OM; CP and NDF for both inocula (ruminal fluid and sheep feces). However, the use of the different inocula resulted in a change (P < 0.05) in the IVDC value of DM, OM, CP, and NDF, in which the ruminal liquid inoculum presented higher (P < 0.05) values of IVDC for the ration nutrients in relation to sheep feces. The levels of 0, 0%; 0.2%; 0.4% and 0.6% of pepper in ruminant feeds did not change the pH value of the fermented content after a 24-hour in vitro incubation (P > 0.05). However, the use of ruminal liquid as inoculum for the in vitro fermentation of the experimental rations provided a lower value (P < 0.05) for the pH of the fermented content in relation to the sheep feces. The inclusion of this phytogenic additive in ruminant feeds and the use of inoculum based on rumen fluid or sheep feces did not cause changes in the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) in the fermented rations after incubation (P > 0.05) for 24 hours in vitro. Thus, the inclusion of up to 0.6% Capsicum ssp. (pepper) in balanced rations for ruminants does not alter the in vitro digestibility coefficient of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber, or the in vitro fermentation parameters. However, the use of ruminal fluid as inoculum for the in vitro fermentation presented values of a higher degree of confidence in relation to feces to determine the in vitro digestion coefficient of the nutrients.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo nutrient digestibility in sheep of rations with and without residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4507
Author(s):  
Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽  
Fabiana Gomes da Costa ◽  
Silvia Cristina de Aguiar ◽  
Jocilaine Garcia ◽  
Matheus Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Ph Values

<p>This study evaluated the digestibility of nutrients by, and parameters associated with, <em>in vitro </em>fermentation using different inocula (sheep ruminal fluid and feces) as well as the <em>in vivo </em>digestibility in sheep that were fed rations with 50% concentrate containing either no (0%) residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP) or 15% RETP. To determine the <em>in vitro </em>digestibility (<em>IV</em>D) of nutrients, two sheep, weighing 40.38 ± 2.10 kg, were used as inoculum donors. To determine the <em>in vivo </em>digestibility of nutrients, we used four sheep and a 3×2 factorial experimental design, with three methods of digestion of nutrients and two experimental rations (0% and 15% RETP). The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the variables that showed differences at 5% probability were further analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% significance. The <em>IV</em>D using different inocula did not significantly differ (p&gt;0.05) from the <em>in vivo </em>digestibility in sheep for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The different methods for determining nutrient digestibility did not affect (p&gt;0.05) the digestibility of DM, OM, crude protein (CP), NDF, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in rations with 0% and 15% RETP. However, the <em>IV</em>D of CP for rations containing 0% and 15% RETP incubated with both inocula was lower (p&lt;0.05) than the CP digestibility <em>in vivo</em>. The <em>in vivo </em>digestibility of ADF for rations containing 0% and 15% RETP was higher (P&lt;0.05) than the <em>IV</em>D using sheep ruminal fluid and feces as inocula. The pH values and concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) after <em>in vitro </em>incubation for 24 h and the <em>in vivo </em>assay were not different (p&gt;0.05) for the rations containing 0% and 15% RETP, but the pH and NH3-N of both fermented and rumen contents differed (p&lt;0.05) depending on the inocula used and the <em>in vivo </em>assay. In summary, the digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF can be determined by the <em>in vitro </em>fermentation method using the ruminal fluid or feces of sheep as inocula in rations containing 0% or 15% RETP. However, <em>in vitro </em>fermentation is not a suitable method for the determination of pH and NH3-N concentration.</p>

scholarly journals High Fiber Cakes from Mediterranean Multipurpose Oilseeds as Protein Sources for Ruminants

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Serrapica ◽  
Felicia Masucci ◽  
Emiliano Raffrenato ◽  
Maura Sannino ◽  
Alessandro Vastolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Alternative Protein

Fifteen oilseed cakes from sunflower, pomegranate, cardoon, tobacco and hemp were characterized with regard to chemical composition, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) fractionation, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and crude protein. All the cakes presented low moisture, rather variable ether extract contents and medium to high levels of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. The cakes significantly differed in terms of CNCPS partitioning and in vitro digestibility. Tobacco and hemp cakes presented high contents of slow degradable fractions of crude protein and carbohydrate joined to good post-ruminal protein digestibility. Cardoon cakes presented the highest rumen protein degradability. Based on crude protein content and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein, cakes of tobacco and hemp showed the better potential as alternative protein supplements for ruminants, while pomegranate appears to be the least suitable for ruminant feeding.

scholarly journals Assessing the nutritional value of agroindustrial co-products and feed through chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and gas production technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Martins Olivo ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Ranulfo Combuca da Silva Junior ◽  
Eduardo Souza Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Citrus Pulp

Agroindustrial co-products are a viable alternative for use in animal nutrition. Tests were conducted using eight different types of co-products and feed to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, and gas production by them. The co-products tested were: coffee hulls; pelleted citrus pulp; grape residue; soybean hulls; cottonseed; cassava foliage; and foods usually supplied to ruminants: corn silage and ground corn concentrate. Data of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were tested by analysis of variance using the least square method; the results of gas production were interpreted by a non-linear regression by the Gauss-Newton method; and the effects of treatments were evaluated by the Tukey’s test. The coefficients of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of co-products were different. Gas production was also different between co-products and feeds evaluated for the volume of gas produced from the fast and slow degradation fractions, degradation rate, bacterial colonization time, and the total volume of gas produced. The evaluated co-products exhibited greater in vitro dry matter digestibility compared to corn silage, except for cottonseed, grape residue, and cassava foliage. Co-products showed higher values of in vitro crude protein digestibility compared to corn silage, and a reduced in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, except for pelleted citrus pulp and soybean hulls. Corn silage produced larger volume of gas from the fast degradation fraction compared to the co-products and corn concentrate. Co-products analyzed had appropriate nutritional characteristics according to the techniques applied and can be included in ruminant diets. 

scholarly journals In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Mitigation Responded to Flavonoid Extract Levels from Alternanthera sissoo and Dietary Ratios

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Sukruthai Sommai ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Chanon Suntara ◽  
Sarong So ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

Two experiments were conducted under this study: Experiment 1 was to study production yield, chemical composition, and in vitro degradability of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo; BS) leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk at various maturity ages of 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after plantation and regrowth and Experiment 2 was to evaluate the effect of flavonoid extract from BS leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk and dietary ratios on ruminal gas production, fermentation characteristics, and in vitro degradability. Experiment 1 showed that maturity ages after planting and regrowth increased, the yield significantly increased. Increasing maturity ages significantly (p < 0.05) increased neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content and decreased crude protein content, total flavonoid (TF) content, and degradability for both leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk. Maturity ages from 15 to 30 days after plantation and regrowth resulted (p < 0.05) the highest TF content and degradability for both leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk. Thus, BS leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk samples from 15 to 30 days of age were used for flavonoid extraction and used in the Experiment 2. Experiment 2 was conducted according to a 3 × 5 factorial experiment. Three roughage to concentrate (R:C) ratios at 50:50, 40:60, and 30:70 were used, and five levels of flavonoid extract (FE) at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg of substrate dry matter (DM) were supplemented. Experiment 2 showed that R:C ratio and FE had an interaction effect only on acetate to propionate ratio. Varying R:C ratios significantly increased (p < 0.05) in vitro DM degradability, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and propionate (C3) concentration. FE supplementation linearly (p < 0.05) increased total VFA and C3 concentration and decreased methane production and protozoal population. This study could conclude that FE from BS could effectively modulate ruminal fermentation and decrease methane production. However, in vivo study needs to elucidate in order to validate the present results.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Six Species of Fodder (Fabaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseo Sosa-Montes ◽  
Sergio Iban Mendoza-Pedroza ◽  
Perpetuo Álvarez-Vázquez ◽  
Pablo Alfredo Domínguez-Martínez ◽  
Ricardo Barcena-Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Acacia Angustissima ◽  
Low Levels

Objectives: To determine the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of Acacia angustissima, Dalea spp., Desmodium spp., Leucaena leucocephala, Phaseolus vulgaris and Tephrosia vicioides (Fabaceae) fodder species. Design/Methodology/Approach: Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude lignin (CL), cellulose (Cel), hemicellulose (Hcel), cellular content (CC) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined. The design was completely random with three repetitions. The variables were correlated by pairs and the means of the species were compared with Tukey’s test (P<0.05). Results: Dalea spp. had the highest crude protein (17.7%), followed by A. angustissima (15.9%) and L. leucocephala (14.1%). A. angustissima (73.2%), Dalea spp. (74.9%) and P. vulgaris (77.5%) showed the highest IVDMD. L. leucocephala, Tephrosia vicioides and Desmodium spp. showed the lowest values of CP (14.1, 11.8 and 12.3%, respectively) and IVDMD (70.4, 70.2 and 64.9%, respectively). Desmodium spp. showed high levels of NDF (59.2%), ADF (41.4%), CL (17.5%), Cel (29.7%) and Hcel (17.8%) (P?0.05). IVDMD showed positive correlation with CC and negative correlations with NDF, CL, and Hcel (P<0.05). Study Limitations/Implications: Desmodium spp. showed high content of CL and low values of CP and IVDMD, therefore supplements should be added when used in animal feed. Findings/Conclusions: Dalea spp. showed low levels of lignin and high levels of protein and digestibility, making it posible to use as feed for ruminants

scholarly journals Chemical and bromatological characteristics of elephant grass silages containing a mango by-product

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareth Maria Teles Rêgo ◽  
José Neuman Miranda Neiva ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
Magno José Duarte Cândido ◽  
Maria Socorro de Sousa Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ph Values

This study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) silages with the addition of 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16% dehydrated mango (Mangifera indica, L.) by-product (DMB), on the fresh matter basis. A randomized complete design with four replications was used. As experimental silos, 210L plastic drums were used. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HCEL), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN, % total N), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN, % total N), pH values, ammoniacal nitrogen (% total N), lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid levels were determined. The DM, OM, CP, EE, NFC, NDIN, lactic acid and propionic acid levels increased with the DMB addition while the NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, N-NH3/ammoniacal nitrogen levels and the pH values decreased with the DMB addition. The addition of DMB had a quadratic effect on the acetic and butyric acid levels but there was no effect with the addition of DMB on TC and ADIN. The DMB can be used at the ensiling of the elephant grass, because the addition of 8.6% improves the silages fermentative process. However, these silages have low crude protein levels and high contents of ether extract and nitrogen compounds mixed with the fiber (NDIN and ADIN) in the silages, that may damage their use by animals.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and nutritional value of leaves and pods of Leucaena leucocephala, Prosopis laevigata and Acacia farnesiana in a xerophilous shrubland

2020 ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Cecilia C. Zapata- Campos ◽  
José E. García-Martínez ◽  
Jaime Salinas Chavira ◽  
Juan A. Ascacio Valdés ◽  
Miguel A. Medina Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana

The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional value of three leguminous trees heavily selected by goats in a xerophilous shrubland. Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of leaves and pods from leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), mesquite (Prosopis laevigata), and huisache (Acacia farnesiana) is presented. Crude protein (CP) ranged from 17.3% for leaves of huisache to 21.9% for leucaena. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content ranged from 39.0 to 40.3 with no difference among fodder threes. Across tree species, mean IVDMD was 61.6% for pods and 52.2% for leaves. IVDMD for leaves was highest (p < 0.01) for leucaena (54.9%) and lowest for huisache (47.3%). Condensed tannins in an acetonic extract were highest for leaves of huisache (45.3 mg CE/g DM) and lowest for mesquite (25.9 mg CE/g DM). Pods and leaves of huisache presented the highest number of secondary metabolites, mainly related to hydroxybenzoic acid and flavonols; leucaena and mesquite presented mainly flavonols and anthocyanins. It was concluded that leaves and pods of leucaena, mesquite, and huisache constitute valuable forages for ruminant livestock due to their low fiber, high CP levels, moderate in vitro fermentation characteristics and high mineral content.

scholarly journals The accuracy of several in vitro methods in estimating in vivo digestibility of the tropical dairy ration

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
Despal ◽  
D T P Manik ◽  
D Evvyernie ◽  
R Zahera
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Local Setting ◽  
Randomized Design

Abstract In vitro digestibility methods have been developed to overcome problems in the in vivo digestibility measurement, but its accuracy should be tested in a local setting. In vitro methods developed by Tilley and Terry (T2), Theodorou (T3) and Sutardi (T4) have been compared to in vivo method (T1) in a block randomized design study. Four heifers FH (337.50 ± 45.87 kg BW) were used in T1, and two fistulated FH bulls (510 ± 20 kg BW) were used as inoculant sources in the in vitro methods. Dairy cattle ration consisted of 54.0% Napier grass and 46.0% concentrate with 58.8% DM, 12.1% ash, 10.0% CP, 3.3% EE, 26.5% CF, and 61.1% TDN. The observed parameters were ration fermentability (pH, NH3, and VFA concentration) and digestibility (DMD and OMD). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey test. The correlation was made before regression analysis to estimate the in vivo parameters from the in vitro. The results showed that pH values are in the normal range (6.7 – 6.8), and insignificantly different between treatments (P>0.05). The concentration of NH3 and VFA were significantly different between the treatments (P<0.05), but T2 produced similar NH3 and VFA concentrations to T1. Similar results were also found in the DMD and OMD. Correlation analysis showed that pH value of T3 correlated significantly with T1, while DMD value of T4 correlated to T1. The T1 DMD (Y) could be estimated from T4 DMD (X) using formula Y (%) = y = -0.091x2 + 9.1632x - 168.4. It is concluded that tropical dairy feedstuffs in vitro digestibility using Tilley and Terry’s method produced similar result to in vivo digestibility method, but in vivo dry matter digestibility can be estimated accurately by in vitro dry matter digestibility using Sutardi method.

scholarly journals Impact of Cellulase and Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculant to Modify Ensiling Characteristics and In Vitro Digestibility of Sweet Corn Stover and Cassava Pulp Silage

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Chatchai Kaewpila ◽  
Suwit Thip-uten ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Waroon Khota
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cassava Pulp ◽  
The Impact

Improving the productive performance of agricultural residue silage has practical relevance to sustaining livestock production. Sweet corn stover (SCS) and cassava pulp (CSVP) are widespread in the tropics as low-cost feed resources. To efficiently prepare SCS and CSVP silage, the impact of adding Acremonium cellulase (AC), Lactobacillus casei strain TH14 inoculant (TH14), and their combination (AC+TH14) on ensiling characteristics, microbial population, chemical compositions, and in vitro digestibility were tested in comparison to control (no additive). After 60 d of ensiling, the pH value and ammonia nitrogen content of silage were lower (p < 0.05) when AC was used as the additive. Compared with other treatments, TH14 provided abundant lactic acid fermentation in silage. All tested additives increased the crude protein (CP) content and decreased the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of SCS silage. In CSVP silage, only AC and AC+TH14 altered the CP and NDF content. In addition, AC and AC+TH14 provided greater in vitro dry matter digestibility and a lower in vitro fiber digestibility. Overall, optimized either AC or TH14 can be recommended as an attractive additive to improve the ensiling characteristics of SCS and CSVP silage. AC significantly modifies the in vitro digestibility of silage.

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