scholarly journals Ingestive behavior of feedlot finished young bulls fed different concentrate levels in the diet

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1571-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regis Luis Missio ◽  
Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽  
Dari Celestino Alves Filho ◽  
Magali Floriano da Silveira ◽  
Leandro da Silva Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Randomized Design

This study was developed to evaluate the ingestive behavior of beef cattle finished in feedlots with different concentrate levels in the diet. Sixteen bulls fed 22, 40, 59, or 79% of concentrate in the diet were assigned to a complete randomized design, with four replicates each. The supplied diets were isoproteic and the roughage used was corn silage. Data collection was carried out during the finishing period, with a total of six days. The time given to food intake, rumination, the number of bouts per meal and neutral detergent fiber rumination efficiency decreased linearly as the concentrate levels in the diet increased. Idle time increased linearly accordingly to the increment of concentrate in the diet. The animals have greater feed intake and rumination efficiency when fed higher levels of concentrate (79%).

scholarly journals Effects of source and concentration of neutral detergent fiber from roughage in beef cattle diets on feed intake, ingestive behavior, and ruminal kinetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo S Goulart ◽  
Ricardo A M Vieira ◽  
Joao L P Daniel ◽  
Rafael C Amaral ◽  
Vanessa P Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Residence Times

Abstract The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of source and concentration of α-amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) from roughage on feed intake, ingestive behavior, and ruminal kinetics in beef cattle receiving high-concentrate diets. Six ruminally cannulated Nellore steers (408 ± 12 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with six diets: 10% aNDF from corn silage (10CS); 20% aNDF from corn silage (20CS); or four diets containing 10% aNDF from corn silage and 10% aNDF from one of the following sources: sugarcane (SC), sugarcane bagasse (SCB), soybean hulls (SH), or low oil cottonseed hulls (LOCH). The parameters of passage and degradation kinetics were estimated based on a two-compartmental model with gamma- and exponential-distributed residence times. The nonlinear models were fitted by nonlinear least squares, and a linear mixed-effects model was fitted to all variables measured from the Latin square design that were related to intake, digestibility, digestion kinetic parameters, and residence times. Mean particle size (MPS) between roughage sources (CS, SCB, and SC) and coproducts (SH and LOCH) was affected (P < 0.05). Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected (P > 0.05) by 20CS, SC, SH, or LOCH. Steers fed 20CS or LOCH diets had 16% and 20% greater DMI, respectively, (P < 0.05) than steers fed 10CS diet. Steers fed SCB consumed the least dry matter (DM). The SH and LOCH diets had lower MPS values (about 8.77 mm) in comparison to 20CS, SCB, and SC diets (about 13.08 mm) and, consequently, affected (P < 0.05) rumen content, ruminal in situ disappearance, nutrient digestibility, and solid fractional passage rate. Chewing time was affected (P < 0.05) by roughage sources and concentration. Lower values of distance travel inside the rumen (min/cm) were observed (P < 0.05) for the SCB and SC diets in comparison with any other diet. Except for SCB, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in rumen fill, among other treatments. Mean daily ruminal pH was not affected (P > 0.05) by 20CS, SCB, SC, and LOCH diets, and it ranged from 6.1 to 6.23. Total short-chain fatty acids concentration was affected (P < 0.05) by roughage source and concentration. Based on our results, we recommend that under Brazilian finishing diets, replacing roughage sources, except for SCB, based on aNDF concentration of the roughage in high-concentrate diets containing finely ground flint corn does not affect DMI.

scholarly journals Comportamento ingestivo de novilhos terminados em confinamento submetidos a padrões de fornecimento de energia

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2703
Author(s):  
Amanda Farias de Moura ◽  
Dari Celestino Alves Filho ◽  
Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽  
Diego Soares Machado ◽  
Leonel Da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The One

This study aimed to verify the effects of supplying different energy patterns on ingestive behavior of feedlot-finished cattle. Twenty-seven pure and crossbred Charolais or Nellore steers with an initial average age and weight of 22 months and 252.8 kg, respectively, were used. Three treatments were carried out, two of them with an increasing rate of concentrate in the diet during the finishing period (IT5 and IT10) and one with constant roughage to concentrate ratio (CT). The experimental design was a completely randomized design with three treatments, five periods, and nine replications. Feeding time was higher for CT (4.31 hours) when compared to IT5 (3.85 hours). Steers from the treatment IT10 remained longer in lying leisure (8.14 hours) when compared to the treatment CT (7.24 hours). A superiority of chewing per ruminated bolus was observed in IT10 (58.59 seconds) when compared to IT5 (54.11 seconds) whereas a higher number of ruminated bolus was observed in TC5 (534.68 ruminated bolus day?1) when compared to IT10 (473.77 ruminated bolus day?1). Animals from CT presented a higher dry matter intake (9.54 kg day?1) than those from IT10 (8.63 kg day?1). Steers from CT and IT5 showed a higher NDF intake (3.63 and 3.58 kg NDF day?1, respectively) when compared to IT10 (3.29 kg NDF day?1). The constant energy pattern increases feeding time and dry matter intake. The one of less vigorous growth increases the number of bolus ruminated per day, while the one of more vigorous growth increases idle time and chews per bolus and decreases the intake of neutral detergent fiber.

scholarly journals Use of barley or corn silage when fed with barley, corn, or a blend of barley and corn on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan A Johnson ◽  
Brittney D Sutherland ◽  
John J McKinnon ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Gregory B Penner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the source of silage, cereal grain, and their interaction on growth performance, digestibility, and carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle. Using a completely randomized design within an 89-d finishing study, 288 steers were randomly assigned to 1 of 24 pens (12 steers/pen) with average steer body weight (BW) within a pen of 464 kg ± 1.7 kg (mean ± SD). Diets were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with corn silage (CS) or barley silage (BS) included at 8% (dry matter [DM] basis). Within each silage source, diets contained dry-rolled barley grain (BG; 86% of DM), dry-rolled corn grain (CG; 85% of DM), or an equal blend of BG and CG (BCG; 85% of DM). Total tract digestibility of nutrients was estimated from fecal samples using near-infrared spectroscopy. Data were analyzed with pen as the experimental unit using the Mixed Model of SAS with the fixed effects of silage, grain, and the two-way interaction. Carcass and fecal kernel data were analyzed using GLIMMIX utilizing the same model. There were no interactions detected between silage and grain source. Feeding CG increased (P < 0.01) DM intake by 0.8 and 0.6 kg/d relative to BG and BCG, respectively. Gain-to-feed ratio was greater (P = 0.04) for BG (0.172 kg/kg) than CG (0.162 kg/kg) but did not differ from BCG (0.165 kg/kg). Furthermore, average daily gain (2.07 kg/d) and final body weight did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.25). Hot carcass weight (HCW) was 6.2 kg greater (372.2 vs. 366.0 kg; P < 0.01) and dressing percentage was 0.57 percentage units greater (59.53 vs. 58.96 %; P = 0.04) for steers fed CS than BS, respectively. There was no effect of dietary treatment on the severity of liver abscesses (P ≥ 0.20) with 72.0% of carcasses having clear livers, 24.4% with minor liver abscesses, and 3.6% with severe liver abscesses. Digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and starch were greater for BG (P < 0.01) than CG or BCG. As expected, grain source affected the appearance of grain kernels in the feces (P ≤ 0.04). Feeding CS silage increased the appearance of fractured corn kernels (P = 0.04), while feeding BS increased fiber appearance in the feces (P = 0.02). Current results indicate that when dry rolled, feeding BG resulted in improved performance and digestibility compared with CG and BCG. Even at low inclusion levels (8% of DM), CS resulted in improved carcass characteristics relative to BS.

scholarly journals Dry matter concentration and corn silage density: Effects on forage quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Krüger ◽  
Paulo de Mello Tavares Lima ◽  
Adibe Luiz Abdalla Filho ◽  
Julienne De Geus Moro ◽  
Igor Quirrenbach De Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Technology Transfer Program ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Matter Basis

Considering the hypothesis that density and dry matter (DM) concentration may be used as indicators of silage nutritional quality, the aim of the present study was to determine density and maturation stage (i.e. DM concentration) of corn silages under farm conditions in Brazil, establishing relationships between density and physical and chemical characteristics. In a completely randomized design, 20 bunkers of corn silage, each from a different farm, were used for data collection. Using a coring machine, 5 samples of silage were extracted from an exposed face of each silo and samples were analyzed for density of compaction, plus concentrations of DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total digestible nutrients (TDN), total carbohydrate (TC), non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and starch (STA), as well as electrical conductivity. There was significant variation in many of the parameters measured with the greatest variation in density on a natural matter basis. Negative correlations were observed between percentages of DM, NDF and ADF in the silage and silage density on a natural matter basis (P<0.05). On the other hand, DM% was positively correlated with concentrations of STA, TDN and TC (P<0.05). Density on a DM basis showed positive correlation with STA but was negatively correlated with NDF and ADF (P<0.05) indicating that the more fibrous material is harder to compact. A technology transfer program seems warranted to inform Brazilian farmers of these findings and the importance of harvesting forage at a stage of growth when quality would be better to increase the probability of achieving adequate compaction of the ensiled material and hence better quality of material at feeding out.

scholarly journals Feeding behavior of sheep fed diets with Elaeis guineensis palm kernel meal

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2513
Author(s):  
Bianca Damasceno Pinho ◽  
Aline Fernanda Oliveira Ramos ◽  
José De Brito Lourenço Júnior ◽  
Cristian Faturi ◽  
André Guimarães Maciel e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

In order to evaluate the feeding behavior of sheep fed with diets containing different levels of palm kernel meal (PKM) substituted for corn silage, a metabolic assay was performed on 20 ewes (5 treatments × 4 replicates) over 25 d. The animals received corn silage diets with the addition of increasing levels of PKM (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60%). The following parameters were evaluated: dry matter (DM) intake, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake, feeding time, rumination time, idle time, number of merycism mastications per bolus, time spent ruminating each bolus, DM and NDF per bolus, number of ruminated boluses per day, feeding and rumination efficiency, total chewing time, and number of merycism mastications per day. The daily intake of both DM and NDF increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05), and when sheep were fed diets of at least 43.18 and 39.15% PKM, respectively, the consumption values were significantly different than when sheep were fed diets with 0% PKM (P &lt; 0.05). In contrast, feeding time declined linearly, and in response to diets with at least 28.05% PKM, the sheep exhibited significantly different feeding times from those of sheep fed 0% PKM, with a reduction of 0.0613 percentage points per 1% increase in PKM. Idle time, rumination time, and rumination time per bolus each exhibited quadratic responses (P &lt; 0.05), and the minimum rumination time per bolus was 44.37 s with 35.19% PKM. A quadratic response was also observed for total chewing time and both measures of merycism mastications (P &lt; 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that the inclusion of PKM in the diets of sheep improves some parameters of feeding behavior, and the use of PKM is recommended at DM percentages of up to 40%.

scholarly journals Apparent Digestibility and Ingestive Behavior of Nellore Bulls With Low and High Residual Feed Intake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayanne Galdino Menezes ◽  
Juliano José de Resende Fernandes ◽  
Alana Calaca ◽  
Emmanuel Arnhold ◽  
Marcia Helena Machado da Rocha Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Internal Marker ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between ingestive behaviour, apparent digestibility and residual feed intake (RFI) of finishing Nellore bulls fed a high concentrate diet. One hundred and twenty Nellore bulls, housed in individual pens, were evaluated in individual performance tests. The animals were fed a high concentrate diet (23:77roughage/concentrate ratio). The animals were classified as: low RFI, medium RFI, and high RFI. Data from ten animals from each group was used. Faecal production and nutrient digestibility were calculated using indigestible neutral detergent fiber as an internal marker. The feeding behaviour was evaluated over twenty-four hours by direct observation every five minutes. The most efficient animals (low RFI, 8.58 kg DM/day) consumed 27.62% less feed than the least efficient animals (high RFI, 10.95 kg DM/day). Animals with medium efficiency (mean RFI, 9.49 kg DM/day) consumed 15.39% less than high RFI. Nutrient digestibility coefficients were similar except for ether extract (P<0.03) which was 8% greater for the high-RFI animals. No effect was observed for ingestive behaviour (P>0.05). Animals spent, on average, three hours twenty-eight minutes feeding, seven hours thirty-two minutes ruminating and thirteen hours forty minutes in idle time. In the present study, ingestive behaviour and dry matter digestibility were not responsible for between-animal variation in residual feed intake in Nellore bulls fed a high concentrate diet.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a high forage total mixed ration on the lactational performance of late lactation dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Gadeken ◽  
D. P. Casper
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
High Forage

Abstract Dairy producers continuously ask questions challenging the paradigm of how much forage can be included in the ration to meet the nutrient requirements of lactating dairy cows to support milk production. The production and feeding of forages having both high dry matter digestibility (DMD) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFd) are needed to increase nutrient supply. Mid- to late-lactation lactating Holstein dairy cows were blocked by parity (10 primiparous and 10 multiparous), milk production (range 33.9 to 56.6; μ = 41.5 kg/d), and days in milk (DIM) (range 140 to 287; μ = 225 d) and randomly assigned within blocks to 1 of 2 rations based on medium forage (MF) or high forage (HF) inclusion rates. A forage blend consisting of 60% second cutting (2012) alfalfa haylage and 40% (2012) corn silage blended on a DM basis and then fed at either 60% (MF) or 80% (HF) of the ration DM. The alfalfa haylage DM (DMD = 75.7%) and NDF (NDFd = 55.7%) digestibility was above average, but corn silage (DMD = 72.9, NDFd = 52.3%, and starch = 32.1%) was average. The experimental design was a randomized completed block design with 4 continuous weeks for data collection preceded by a 1 wk covariate data collection period in which all cows were fed the MF ration. Cows were milked 3 times/d and milk weights recorded at each milking and milk samples were collected at each milking once weekly for analysis of milk composition. Rations were similar in crude protein (CP; 16.4%), starch (20.1%), acid detergent fiber (ADF; 21.8%), and NDF (34.1%) concentrations. Covariately adjusted milk production (28.1 and 24.1 kg/d for MF and HF, respectively) and 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM; 27.6 and 24.1 kg/d) were significantly reduced by feeding the HF ration compared with cows fed the MF ration, while milk fat (3.98 and 4.0%), milk protein (3.11 and 3.17%), milk lactose (4.81 and 4.77%), and milk solids-not-fat (8.87 and 8.77%) percentages were similar for cows fed both rations. Cows on the HF ration demonstrated a significant reduction in DMI and a trend for decreased body weight (BW) when compared with cows fed the MF ration. The forage nutrient digestibility was not adequate to support the milk production of mid- to late-lactation dairy cows when fed at 80% of the DM. The forage nutrient digestibility when fed at very high inclusion rate (80%) could not meet the nutrient requirements of mid- to late-lactation dairy cows.

scholarly journals 124 Polyclonal Antibody Preparations from Avian Origin Increased Fiber Digestibility of Beef Cattle Receiving a Backgrounding Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Gleise Medeiros da Silva ◽  
Tessa M Schulmeister ◽  
Federico Tarnonsky ◽  
Federico Podversich ◽  
Mariana Eloisa Garcia-Ascolani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Antibody Preparation ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
To Receive

Abstract This study investigated the effects of feeding an avian-derived polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP; CAMAS, Inc.) against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides (40, 35, and 25% of the preparation, respectively) on plasmatic haptoglobin and glucose concentrations (Exp. 1), and apparent total tract digestibility (Exp. 2) of beef cattle consuming a backgrounding diet. In Exp. 1, Angus crossbreed heifers and steers (n = 90; 373 ± 62 kg BW) were randomly assigned to receive a common ad libitum diet (76% TDN, 15.9% CP, DM basis) with the addition of 1 (PAP1), 3 (PAP3), or 0 g (CON) of PAP daily. Plasmatic concentrations of glucose and haptoglobin were measured on d 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. In Exp. 2, 25 Angus crossbreed steers (390 ± 65 kg BW) were used in a completely randomized design. Steers were housed in 3 pens to receive the same diet and treatments from Exp. 1. Feed intake was measured using GrowSafe feed bunks, and indigestible neutral detergent fiber was used as the internal marker. In Exp. 1, a day effect was detected for plasmatic haptoglobin and glucose concentrations (P ≤ 0.04). In Exp. 2, no difference in DMI was observed (P = 0.88). Dry matter, organic matter, and acid detergent fiber digestibility in the total tract were reduced (P ≤ 0.05), whereas CP digestibility tended to decrease (P ≤ 0.07) in steers receiving PAP3 vs. CON and PAP1. Apparent total tract starch digestibility was increased (P ≤ 0.02) for PAP1 vs. PAP3. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for PAP1 vs. CON and PAP3. Feeding 1 g/d of a PAP against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides increased fiber digestibility in backgrounding diets; however, further research is needed to understand the impaired responses on nutrient digestibility when greater doses are provided.

scholarly journals Addition of Active Dry Yeast Could Enhance Feed Intake and Rumen Bacterial Population While Reducing Protozoa and Methanogen Population in Beef Cattle

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Kampanat Phesatcha ◽  
Krittika Chunwijitra ◽  
Burarat Phesatcha ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Methanogen Population

Urea–lime-treated rice straw fed to Thai native beef cattle was supplemented with dry yeast (DY) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to assess total feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen microorganisms, and methane (CH4) production. Sixteen Thai native beef cattle at 115 ± 10 kg live weight were divided into four groups that received DY supplementation at 0, 1, 2, and 3 g/hd/d using a randomized completely block design. All animals were fed concentrate mixture at 0.5% of body weight, with urea–lime-treated rice straw fed ad libitum. Supplementation with DY enhanced total feed intake and digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (p < 0.05), but dry matter, organic matter and crude protein were similar among treatments (p > 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and propionic acid (C3) increased (p < 0.05) with 3 g/hd/d DY supplementation, while acetic acid (C2) and butyric acid (C4) decreased. Protozoal population and CH4 production in the rumen decreased as DY increased (p < 0.05). Populations of F. succinogenes and R. flavefaciens increased (p < 0.05), whereas methanogen population decreased with DY addition at 3 g/hd/d, while R. albus was stable (p > 0.05) throughout the treatments. Thus, addition of DY to cattle feed increased feed intake, rumen fermentation, and cellulolytic bacterial populations.

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