scholarly journals Chemical analysis of turmeric from Minas Gerais, Brazil and comparison of methods for flavour free oleoresin

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyleni R. A. Souza ◽  
Maria Beatriz Abreu Glória
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Protein Fiber ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Extract Protein

Chemical analysis of turmeric (Curcuma longa L) cultivated in eight different cities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil was carried out. The levels of curcuminoid pigments varied from 1.4 to 6.14 g/100 g and of volatile oil from 0.97 to 7.55 mL/100 g (dry basis). Samples from Patrocínio, Arinos and Brasilândia contained higher pigment levels compared to the others. The sample from Patrocínio contained the highest volatile oil content. The mean levels of ethyl ether extract, protein, fiber, ash and starch were 8.51, 7.01, 7.22, 7.81 and 39.87 g/100 g dry basis, respectively. Laboratory extraction of flavour free oleoresin was performed in triplicate. A higher yield of pigment in the oleoresin was obtained when the volatile oil was extracted with water vapor and the oleoresin with ethanol. The oleoresin obtained was free of flavour and could be used in a wider range of food applications.

The efficiency of determining the chemical composition of lamb carcasses

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Kirton ◽  
R. A. Barton ◽  
A. L. Rae
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Components ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Extract Protein

1. Twenty Southdown-Romney wether lamb carcasses of a mean hot carcass weight of 39·2 lb. (range 31·2–43·8 lb.) were frozen. Each frozen carcass was divided down the back-bone to give two sides and each side was divided into four parts: leg, loin, 9–10–11 rib cut, and fore. A method of obtaining samples from the parts and from the sides is described. The samples were analysed for water, fat (uncorrected), and residue (uncorrected). The dried residue was analysed to give an ash percentage and a Soxhlet correction factor so that total fat (ether-extract), protein (dried fat-free, ash-free residue), and ash were determined.2. The weights of the two sides of the twenty carcasses were similar, although the loins of the left sides were highly significantly heavier than those from the right sides and the right fores were highly significantly heavier than the left fores.3. The mean percentage composition of the two sides of the carcasses studied were similar. Likewise each of the four parts showed close similarity between sides except for the residue and protein percentage of the loin in which the left sides had significantly more protein percentage than the right sides. In all the uncorrected chemical components a significant side × carcass interaction was found.4. An analysis of the sampling errors showed that the variance of a treatment mean was decreased only slightly by increasing the number of samples per side or by sampling both sides instead of one. Any substantial increase in precision can be achieved only by increasing the number of carcasses per group.

scholarly journals Identification of the Appropriate Curing Method for Sri Lankan Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and Compare its Phytochemical Properties with an Indian Market Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chathuri Senanayake ◽  
Anuradha Munasinghe ◽  
Thushari Liyanage
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Curing Method ◽  
Processing Steps

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is an underground rhizome that is an essential ingredient in day-to-day life. India is the major turmeric production and exportation country in the world. However, since December 2019, Sri Lanka has banned the importation of turmeric from other countries like India. Curing is a significant step during the processing of turmeric, which can be described as cooking fresh turmeric rhizomes before going to the drying step. Curing helps to avoid the raw odor, to reduce the drying time, to distribute the pigment product uniformly, and facilitate uniform drying. This study was conducted to identify the best protocol for turmeric processing and compare the quality of local turmeric samples prepared by using different processing steps such as, uncured and dried as slices, water boiled and dried as slices, steamed and dried as slices with imported turmeric from India. All the samples were separately analyzed for phytochemical properties (moisture content, volatile oil content, curcumin content, oleoresin content, etc.). Curcumin is an important attribute when considering the quality of turmeric. Curcumin content is varied with the curing step. The lowest curcumin content was shown by the uncured and sliced sample (2.86 ± 0.13 %). Steamed and dried as slices sample showed the highest curcumin content (4.51 ± 0.02 %). Curing and Slicing also decreased the drying time. However, water boiled and sliced sample (T-2) showed a high yield (wet to dry ratio 5.41:1), volatile oil content 4.40 ± 0.00 %, and oleoresin content 14.81 ± 2.36 %. According to the results, among the locally produced turmeric, steamed and dried as slices sample (T-3) showed good quality especially for curcumin content.

scholarly journals Quality Control Of Crude Drugs And Capsules Of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Dwi Hartanti ◽  
Jirapat Theeravit
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a medicinal plant commonly used in Thai Traditional Medicine (TTM), both in single use and formula. It has been known for its antioxidant activity and applied for management of many diseases. In this article, we reported some aspects of quality control of crude drugs and capsules of turmeric according to the standards set in Thai Herbal Pharmacopeia (THP). The results of our evaluations demonstrated that turmeric crude drugs met the criteria set in THP for microscopical identification, foreign matter (1.31%), loss on drying (6.89±0.174%), ethanol-soluble extractive (13.56%), water-soluble extractive (15.17%), and the profile of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) chromatogram. However, its volatile oil content (5.95%) was below the minimum value set in THP. The turmeric capsules met the criteria set in THP for loss on drying (8.64±0.093%), ethanol-soluble extractive (18.07%), water-soluble extractive (14.95%), and profile of TLC chromatogram.

scholarly journals Volatile Oil Content of Scots Pine Needles (Pinus sylvestris L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Monika Sporek
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Age Class ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Class Iib ◽  
Scots Pine Needles

AbstractThis study focused on how the concentration of volatile oils in Scots Pine needles varied in relation to the age of the trees, the age of the needles and their location within the canopy. Study material were pine needles from 15-, 44- and 89-year-old pine stands. The mean content of oils increased with the age of trees. The averaged oil content in needles was: 0.46% in the 15-year-old stand, 0.55% in the 44-year-old and 0.61% in the 89-year-old stands. The mean content of volatile oils decreased with the age of the needles. 1-year-old needles contained the highest concentration of volatile oils (0.56%), and the 3-year-old needles contained the least (0.48%). In 15-year-old stands the oil content in needles increased linearly with their height in the canopy. In 44-year-old (age class IIb) and 89-year-old (age class Va) stands oil content was greater lower in the canopy than in the middle.

scholarly journals Study on Quality Standard of Processed Curcuma Longa Radix

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zhimin Chen ◽  
Yongfeng Zhao ◽  
Liang Quan ◽  
Haiting Zhou ◽  
Dong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
External Standard Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Processed Products

To control the quality of Curcuma Longa Radix by establishing quality standards, this paper increased the contents of extract and volatile oil determination. Meanwhile, the curcumin was selected as the internal marker, and the relative correlation factors (RCFs) of demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin were established by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contents of multicomponents were calculated based on their RCFs. The rationality and feasibility of the methods were evaluated by comparison of the quantitative results between external standard method (ESM) and quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single-marker (QAMS). Ethanol extracts ranged from 9.749 to 15.644% and the mean value was 13.473%. The volatile oil ranged from 0.45 to 0.90 mL/100 g and the mean value was 0.66 mL/100 g. This method was accurate and feasible and could provide a reference for further comprehensive and effective control of the quality standard of Curcuma Longa Radix and its processed products.

scholarly journals THE DNA OF CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
J E Sulston ◽  
S Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
5S Rna ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Small Component ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Chemical analysis and a study of renaturation kinetics show that the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, has a haploid DNA content of 8 x IO7 base pairs (20 times the genome of E. coli). Eighty-three percent of the DNA sequences are unique. The mean base composition is 36% GC; a small component, containing the rRNA cistrons, has a base composition of 51% GC. The haploid genome contains about 300 genes for 4s RNA, 110 for 5s RNA, and 55 for (18 + 28)S RNA.

HETEROSIS, COMBINING ABILITY, AND PREDICTED SYNTHETICS FROM A DIALLEL CROSS IN SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Putt
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seed Characters ◽  
Mature Weight

Heterosis occurred for the eight plant and seed characters studied. It was most frequent for yield of seed and height of plant. Mean squares for general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) were significant (P =.01) for all characters. The estimated components for gca were greater than for sca for days to mature, weight per bushel, and percent oil in the seed; less for height and yield of seed; and essentially the same for days to bloom, diameter of head, and weight per 1000 seeds.The yield of seed and percent oil in the seed, for the highest ranking 100 synthetics that could be composed from the 10 lines, was predicted in F6 assuming 50 and 60% outcrossing between F2 and F6. Virtually all values exceeded the mean performance of four check samples of commercial hybrids. Many exceeded the highest rank check for oil content in the seed. Fourteen of the highest ranking 100 synthetics for yield and 30 for oil content consisted of two or three lines. It was concluded that synthetics can be superior to the present hybrids in heterosis and that desirable synthetics can be made from only a few lines.

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