scholarly journals Dry matter production and distribution in three cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivars during the second vegetative plant cycle

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvaldo Sagrilo ◽  
Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽  
Manoel Genildo Pequeno ◽  
Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Kvitschal
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Vegetative Cycle ◽  
The Relationship

A study was carried out in Araruna County, State of Paraná, to understand the relationship between the total dry matter yield and its proportion allocated to the storage roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plants in the second vegetative cycle. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in split-plot scheme with four replications. The plots consisted of the Mico, IAC 13 and IAC 14 cultivars and the monthly harvesting dates were assessed in the sub-plots. The results showed that the Mico and IAC 13 cultivars were more efficient in allocating dry matter to the storage roots. The IAC 14 cultivar allocated a higher proportion of assimilates to stems compared with the other two cultivars. With regard to the influence of harvesting time, the lowest harvest indexes were observed in the periods of more intense vegetative growth. However, the highest carbohydrate proportions were allocated to the storage roots during periods of low vegetative growth.

scholarly journals Simulation of dry matter production and distribution in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz).

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gijzen ◽  
H.J. Veltkamp ◽  
J. Goudriaan ◽  
G.H. de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Using Data

The DM production of a number of cassava cultivars was simulated with a modified version of the SUCROS model. The overall behaviour of the model was validated with data from periodic harvests. The costs of maintenance respiration of stems and leaves were adjusted by curve fitting using data from one of the experiments. Agreement between experimental and model results was generally good. The model describes basic physiological processes and can be used to simulate growth of different cultivars in various climates. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Effect of mosaic virus diseases on dry matter content and starch yield of five cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions in Ghana

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (27) ◽  
pp. 4310-4316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elegba Wilfred ◽  
S Appiah rew ◽  
Azu Elaine ◽  
Afful Nusrat ◽  
K S Agbemavor Wisdom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Starch Yield

scholarly journals Starch and flour extraction and nutrient composition of tuber in seven cassava accessions

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
MSA Fakir ◽  
M Jannat ◽  
MG Mostafa ◽  
H Seal
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Cassava Plant

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots (tubers) are used as staple food. Starch extracted from tubers is widely utilized as raw materials in industries. Dry matter (DM) content, starch and flour extraction and proximate composition were investigated in seven cassava accessions (Coc-A1, Kh-A2, Cow-A3, Sa-A4, Me-A5, Va-A6 and Sy-A8.) in 2010- 2011. Leaf DM varied from 20.51% in Me-A5 to 29.01% in Sy-A8; that of stem from 27.24% in Va-A6 to 32.10% (average of Sy-A8, Me-A5 and Sa-A4); and that of tuber from 37.30% in Kh-A2 to 45.26% in Sy-A8. Starch was extracted by blending chopped tuber followed by decantation. Tubers were sliced, sun dried and milled into flour. Tuber starch content (fresh wt. basis) varied between 15.04% in Sy-A8 and 24.97% (average of Coc-A1 and Me-A5); that of peel from 4.54% in Va-A6 to 5.85% in Coc-A1. Crude protein varied from 1.80% (average of Kh-A2, Cow-A3 and Sy-A8) to 4.53% in Va-A6. Crude fiber content varied from 1.95% (average of Sa-A4 and Coc-A1) to 4.27% in Cow-A3. Cyanogens present in cassava plant escape as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) during harvesting and processing. Variation for HCN existed and it was 140.95 mg/kg fresh tuber (average of Sy-A8 and Coc-A1) to 546.0 mg/kg fresh tuber in Va-A6. There was no detectable HCN in the extracted flour and starch. It may be concluded that genetic variation for DM, starch, protein and HCN existed in seven cassava accessions, and Coc-A1 may be a better one due to its lower HCN, higher DM and starch content. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i2.14698 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(2): 217-222, 2012

Discrimination in Carbon Isotopes of Leaves Correlates With Water-Use Efficiency of Field-Grown Peanut Cultivars

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Wright ◽  
KT Hubick ◽  
GD Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Variation in water-use efficiency (W, g of total dry matter produced/kg water used), and its correlation with cultivar isotope discrimination in leaves (Δ) was assessed in peanut plants grown in small canopies in the field. Plants were grown in separate minilysimeters that were both embedded in the ground and positioned above the crop. Differences among cultivars were found in W and � and the relationship between W and Δ was compared for plants grown in open and closed canopies. Genetic variability in W in plants grown in the field under non-limiting water conditions was demonstrated, with Tifton-8, of Virginia habit, having the highest W (3.71 g/kg) and Rangkasbitung, an Indonesian cultivar of Spanish habit, the lowest (2.46 g/ kg). Variability in W was due to variation in total dry matter production more than that of water use. A strong negative correlation was found between Δ and W, and also between Δ and total dry matter. The relationship between whole plant W, including roots, and Δ was stronger than that between shoot W, without roots and Δ. The improvement occurred because of variation among cultivars in the root to shoot ratio. This highlights the importance of taking account of root dry matter in studies concerning W. There were significant differences in W and Δ between plants in pots above-ground compared to pots in the ground, with above-ground plants having significantly lower values of both W and Δ. The ranking of W and Δ among cultivars was not affected by the contrast in environment, which suggests these parameters are under strong genetic control. Total above-ground dry matter yield at maturity was negatively correlated with Δ, while pod yield was not. It appears a negative association between harvest index and Δ may exist; however not all cultivars used in this and other studies follow this response. Both water-use efficiency, Wand total dry matter production are negatively correlated with Δ in leaves of peanut plants grown in small canopies in the field. Measurement of Δ may prove a useful trait for selecting cultivars with improved W and total dry matter yield under field conditions.

Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Interference in Soybean (Glycine max)

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Larry D. Maddux ◽  
Loren J. Moshier ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Sunflower Plant ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Competition Study ◽  
Soybean Canopy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

An in-row competition study was conducted in 1991 and 1992 near Silver Lake, KS to determine the relationship of noncultivated common sunflower density to soybean yield, PAR at the soybean canopy, and common sunflower dry matter production. Because of environmental differences, year main effect interactions occurred, so results are presented by year. For example, 0.3 common sunflower plant/m2produced 4030 kg/ha of aboveground dry matter in 1991 and 1300 kg/ha in 1992. Soybean yield reduction ranged from 19 and 17% with 0.3 common sunflower plant/m2to 97 and 95% with 4.6 plant/m2, in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Assuming a treatment cost of $35/ha and a soybean market price of $0.21/kg, economic threshold levels were 0.1 common sunflower plant/m2in 1991, and 0.07 in 1992. Common sunflower at 0.3 plant/m2reduced PAR at the soybean canopy by 390 and 300 μE/m2/s, or 24 and 18% in 1991 and 1992, respectively. We conclude that the ability of common sunflower to intercept PAR above the soybean canopy is an important component in its interference with soybean.

The relationship between steady-state transpiration rates and leaf water potential in cassava (Manihot esculenta cv. Llanera)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 1537-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Ike ◽  
G. W. Thurtell ◽  
K. R. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between leaf water potential (ψL) and transpiration rate (T) was investigated using indoor-grown cassava plants (Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. Llanera). Leaf water potentials were measured with in situ dew-point hygrometer and transpiration rates by gas exchange analysis technique.Regression analyses of the data showed that T was consistently linearly related to ψL (r2 = 0.94). This implies that the plant resistance to flow was constant and hence that an Ohm's Law analog is valid for the transpiration range studied. Extrapolated values of leaf water potential at zero transpiration were close to the osmotic potential of the nutrient solution. Calculated resistance values (slope of regression line for individual plants) varied between 2.90 and 3.05 bars dm2 h g−1 (1 bar = 100 kPa).

Effect of ammonium/nitrate ratio on growth and development of avocado plants under hydroponic conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lobit ◽  
L. López-Pérez ◽  
R. Cárdenas-Navarro ◽  
V. C. Castellanos-Morales ◽  
R. Ruiz-Corro
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

An experiment was carried out to study the effects of the proportion of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in the nutrient solution on avocado plants in a hydroponic system. Five treatments were applied, consisting of the following proportions of ammonium to nitrate ions in the solution: T0 = 0:4, T1 = 1:3, T2 = 2:2, T3 = 3:1 and T4 = 4:0 at a constant nitrogen concentration of 4 mM. After 4 months, the plants were harvested and fresh and dry matter accumulation, leaf area, and leaf nitrogen and carbon content were measured. An architectural description of the shoot (length, number of nodes and branching) was made. Dry matter of shoots and leaves all decreased with increasing NH4+ concentrations. In contrast, water content in aerial organs increased with NH4+ concentration. Nitrogen and carbon content and the relationship between dry matter production and leaf nitrogen were not significantly affected by the treatments. The architectural analysis showed that the shoots developed over time in one or two distinct growth units. While nitrogen form affected both growth units, the second one was more severely affected, showing decreased length, number of nodes, and branching when NH4+ concentration increased. Key words: Avocado, nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, development

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