scholarly journals Predacious activity of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in conventional and in No-till agriculture systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Lange ◽  
Wedson Desidério Fernandes ◽  
Josué Raizer ◽  
Odival Faccenda
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Ant Communities ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Agriculture Systems

This study had the objective of assessing the differences in foraging activity of the predacious ants between two areas, one conventional and other with no-till agriculture systems. The research was conducted in two contiguous 1.5 ha plots in Dourados MS, Brazil, from February 2001 to December 2003. Each plot received 750 baits (Nasutitermes termites), 425 at daylight and 325 at night. The termites were placed on the filter paper, on the ground, and ant attack was monitored for 15 min, until removed. Sixteen ant species were found in the no-till system and nine in the conventional system. Baits removed from no-till were significantly higher than the conventional plots and were influenced by the sampling time, at day or night. The seasons of the year did not significantly explain the variations in the structure of the predacious ant communities in neither of the systems. The significant differences at foraging activity and ant richness between the areas indicated that the no-tillage system could improve environmental quality of the cropping and therefore, became an important tool for the integrated pest management programs.

scholarly journals Integrated Pest Management in Wheat No Tillage Soil Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana MALSACHI ◽  
Felicia MUREŞANU ◽  
Adina IVAS ◽  
Ignea MIRCEA ◽  
Tritean NICOLAE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cultural Measures ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Tillage System

Elaborated in 2008-2010, at Agricultural Research Station Turda, the paper presents the increasing of main pests abundance and the extension risk of pests attack on the cultural technologies with minimum soil tillage and no tillage system, on the agro-ecological changes in Transylvania. The paper pointed out the importance of adequate new soil conservative technologies of minimum tillage and no tillage system with a special pests control strategy, comprising: efficiency insecticides and application moments, cultural measures, entomophagous and biodiversity conservation and use, environmental protection.

Seed production and seedbank dynamics in subthreshold velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) populations

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cardina ◽  
Heather M. Norquay
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

The impact of seed production by subthreshold weed populations on future weed problems has impeded the adoption of integrated pest-management principles for weed management. Studies were conducted in fields with no velvetleaf history to determine how seedbanks and seedling populations change following seed production 1 yr or 5 consecutive yr in plow-disk and no-tillage corn. Cumulative seed production by 0.19 velvetleaf plants m−2increased in a linear fashion from 1989 to 1994, with annual additions averaging from 330 seeds m−2for velvetleaf in corn to 2,500 seeds m−2for velvetleaf without competition from corn. Five-year cumulative seed production was 1,480 seeds m−2in plow-disk and 1,810 seeds m−2in no-till corn. In no-till corn, 42 velvetleaf seedlings m−2emerged the 1st year after the 1989 seed rain, but only 35 seedlings m−2emerged over the next 4 yr. In plow-disk plots, annual emergence averaged 12 seedlings m−2. Five years after the 1989 seed rain, the proportion of seeds lost to emergence was about 20% in both tillage treatments. Where velvetleaf seeds were allowed to return to the soil every year, cumulative seedling emergence was lower in plow-disk than in no-till corn, with total emergence of 70 and 360 seedlings m−2, respectively, after 5 yr. Seedbank numbers ranged from 10 seeds m−25 yr after a single seed rain (290 seeds m−2) by velvetleaf in plow-disk corn to 1,020 seeds m−2following 5 consecutive yr of seed rain where 12,580 seeds m−2were returned without corn competition in no-till. Seedbank samples in the fall of the 5th year had 69 to 98% fewer seeds than were accounted for by cumulative seed rain and seedling emergence, with greater apparent seed losses in plow-disk corn than in no-till corn. Over 90% velvetleaf control would be required annually to maintain subthreshold populations for 5 yr following a single seed rain. By comparison, over 95% control would be required annually to maintain subthreshold populations where velvetleaf seed return is permitted each year.

scholarly journals Evolution of some components of agroecosystems productivity from Vinga Plain in water stress situations

2010 ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Daniel Dicu ◽  
Iacob Borza ◽  
Dorin Tarau
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
System Level ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
On Line ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
The Impact

The researches are inscribed on line of substantiation of durable agricultural system, having main objective the prominence ofquantitative and qualitative modifications made on agro-system level under the effect of no-tillage system for wheat, maize and soybeans.The experimental field is placed on a cambium chernozem, with a medium content of clay, dominant in the Prodagro West Arad agrocentreand representative for a large surface in the Banat-Crisana Plain.The passing to no-till system change the structure of technological elements, through less soil works, so the impact on agro-system isdifferent comparing with conventional tillage, first less the intervention pressure on agro-system ant secondly appears new interactions, newequilibriums and disequilibriums.Considering the evolution of soil humidity, the observations made monthly (by taking soil samples and laboratory determinations) forthe three cultures showed that in the no-till system, there are more uniform values in the soil profile, and in the variants where the deep workof soil was made it could be observed a low increase of the water volume in the soil.

scholarly journals Farm systems, soil chemical properties, and clay dispersion in watershed áreas

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Letícia Pit Nunes ◽  
Glassys Louise de Souza Cortez ◽  
Thadeu Rodrigues Melo ◽  
Alex Figueiredo ◽  
Cassio Alexandre Rolan Wandscheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Clay Dispersion ◽  
Farm Systems ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different farm systems on clay dispersion and its relationship with soil chemical properties and the no-tillage system participatory quality index (IQP), in watershed areas in the west of the state of Paraná, Brazil. The farm systems evaluated were: no-tillage; no-tillage with crop succession; no-tillage with soil disturbance; and conventional system. In addition, the farm systems were evaluated for their IQP. Soil samples were collected at 0.0-0.20-m soil depth, in 40 agricultural areas and in 6 native forests considered as references. The degree of clay dispersion, total organic carbon, pH (CaCl2), exchangeable potassium (K+), available phosphorus (P), exchangeable calcium and magnesium (Ca2++Mg2+), and potential acidity (H+Al3+) were determined. A linear multiple regression model was fitted by the method of least squares. The averages of clay dispersion degree per watershed were compared at 5% probability. The farm systems were compared by Scott-Knott’s test. Soil chemical properties showed a higher influence on clay dispersion than the different farm systems assessed. The no-tillage system alone showed the highest content of organic carbon, which was similar to those of the native areas. The conventional system and the no-tillage system with soil disturbance showed a lower IQP and a higher degree of clay dispersion than the areas with the no-tillage system alone. The IQP allows distinguishing the conventional system from the no-tillage system.

scholarly journals SULFENTRAZONE SELECTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY IN CASSAVA CROPS IN SANDY AND CLAYEY SOILS

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. COSTA ◽  
S.D. FERREIRA ◽  
J.R. RAMELLA ◽  
G. MORATELLI ◽  
R.F. DOURADO
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Weeds have the potential to dramatically interfere in cassava cultivation, reducing its productive potential; however, there are few studies on the selective herbicides in this crop. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate in this work the selectivity and efficiency of sulfentrazone in cassava crops grown in sandy and clayey soils. Two experiments were carried out: The first one was carried out in sandy soil conditions in the conventional system; and the second one was carried out in clayey soil conditions in the no-tillage system. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. The treatments consisted in doses of 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 g ha-1 of sulfentrazone, and weeded and non-weeded controls. Sulfentrazone application in cassava crops has linearly reduced the production of roots in a proportion of 0.0153 and 0.0107 t ha-1 at each increment in grams of the active ingredient, respectively. It was concluded that sulfentrazone was not selective for cassava crops grown both in sandy and in clayey soil; however, it was highly effective in weed control in both soils.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DE PALHADA DE SORGO POR APLICAÇÃO HORMÉTICA DE HERBICIDAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Tiago Pereira da Silva Correia ◽  
Arthur Gabriel Caldas Lopes ◽  
Francisco Faggion ◽  
Leandro Augusto Felix Tavares ◽  
Paulo Roberto Arbex Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate ◽  
Sorghum Straw

PRODUÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DE PALHADA DE SORGO POR APLICAÇÃO HORMÉTICA DE HERBICIDAS   TIAGO PEREIRA DA SILVA CORREIA1, ARTHUR GABRIEL CALDAS LOPES2, FRANCISCO FAGGION3, LEANDRO AUGUSTO FELIX TAVARES4, PAULO ROBERTO ARBEX SILVA5   1Docente da Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campos universitário Darcy Ribeiro ICC, cep:70910-900, Asa norte, Brasília, DF, Brasil. [email protected] 2Doutorando do PPGA da Universidade de Brasília, Campos universitário Darcy Ribeiro ICC, cep:70910-900, Asa norte, Brasília, DF, Brasil. [email protected] 3Docente da Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campos universitário Darcy Ribeiro ICC, cep:70910-900, Asa norte, Brasília, DF, Brasil. [email protected] 4Docente do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Av. Universitária, 1000, Bairro universitário, cep:38610-000, Unaí, MG, Brasil. [email protected] 5Docente da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Campos de Botucatu, Av. Universitária, 3780, cep:18610-034, Altos do paraíso, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. [email protected]   RESUMO: No sistema plantio direto a manutenção de palhada sobre o solo é essencial, especialmente em regiões onde a decomposição é rápida. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de subdoses de herbicida Glifosato, 2,4 D e Haloxifope-P-Ester Metílico na produção e manutenção de palhada de sorgo ao sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Água Limpa, pertencente a Universidade de Brasília. Foi utilizado um esquema fatorial 3 (Herbicidas: Glifosato; 2,4-D Sal Dimetilamina; Haloxifope-P-Ester metílico) x 2 (Subdoses: 4 e 6 g i.a ha-1 de Glifosato; 0,6 e 1,2 g i.a ha-1 de Haloxifope-P-metílico; 80 e 160 g i.a ha-1 de 2,4-D Sal Dimetilamina), com quatro repetições inteiramente casualizadas. Aos tratamentos incluiu-se um testemunha sem aplicação de subdoses. As subdoses menor, maior e testemunhas foram identificadas por D1, D2 e D0 respectivamente. Os tratamentos foram aplicados 35 dias após a semeadura com pulverizador tratorizado, e a partir dos 100 dias foram avaliados teor de lignina (TL), massa de materia seca (MMS) e produtiviade de grãos. D2 de Glifosato aumenta 5,35% a MMS e 3% o TL da palhada de sorgo e não difere a produtividade de grãos da cultura. D1 de Haloxifope-P-Ester Metílico aumenta 9,2% a MMS da planta de sorgo. As subdoses dos demais herbicidas estudados reduzem a produtividade de grãos de sorgo.   Palavras-chave: plantio direto, cobertura vegetal, subdose, glifosato, 2,4D.   PRODUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF SORGHUM STRAW BY HORMETIC APPLICATION OF HERBICIDES   ABSTRACT: In the no-tillage system, maintaining straw over the soil is essential, especially in regions where decomposition is rapid. The work aimed to evaluate the application of underdoses of herbicide Glyphosate, 2,4 D and Haloxifope-P-Ester Methyl in the production and maintenance of sorghum straw to the no-tillage system.  The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Água Limpa Farm, belonging to the University of Brasília. A factorial scheme 3 (Herbicides: Glyphosate; 2,4-D Dimethylamine salt; Haloxifop-P-methyl ester) x 2 (Subdoses: 4 and 6 g ia ha-1 of Glyphosate; 0.6 and 1.2 g Haloxifop-P-methyl ia ha-1; 80 and 160 g ia 2,4-D salt Dimethylamine), with four completely randomized repetitions. The treatments included a control without the application of underdoses. The minor, major and control subdoses were identified by D1, D2 and D0 respectively. The treatments were applied 35 days after sowing with tractor spray, and after 100 days, lignin content (TL), dry matter mass (MMS) and grain yield were evaluated. The D2 treatment of Glyphosate presents MMS 5.35% higher at 190 days after sowing. The same treatment increased the TL by 3% and did not differ in the productivity of sorghum grains.   Keywords: no-till, vegetation cover, underdosing, glyphosate, 2,4D.

scholarly journals Ant Community in Neotropical Agrosystems: A Four-Year Study in Conventional and No-Tillage Systems

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wedson Desidério Fernandes ◽  
Denise Lange ◽  
Janser Moura Pereira ◽  
Josué Raizer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Ant Communities ◽  
Ant Community ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Dead Plant

Studies comparing agricultural practices that maintain a better quality and a healthy soil fauna consider the no-tillage farming as the most effective practice when compared to other planting techniques. In order to evaluate the influence of the no-tillage and conventional tillage methods (with and without manipulation of the soil before planting, respectively) on ant communities, we monitored two areas with these two types of practice (conventional and no-tillage) over the period of four years. We collected ants once per month along 10 transects randomly distributed using three pitfall traps in each area. In addition, we collected the dead plant biomass present at each point sampled as a parameter for measuring the environmental complexity of the areas. In total, we captured 27,480 individuals belonging to 26 species in the no-tillage area and 24,570 individuals belonging to 24 species in the conventional tillage area. The generalised linear model analysis showed that the no-tillage system had the highest abundance of individuals, as well as richness and diversity of species, during most of the study period, as compared to conventional tillage areas. We also found a significant positive correlation between species richness and dead plant biomass. Thus, it is possible to infer that the no-tillage area is a more complex environment with a greater diversity of ants and, therefore, a more sustainable agrosystem as compared to conventional tillage areas.

scholarly journals FITOSSOCIOLOGIA DA COMUNIDADE DE PLANTAS DANINHAS NA CULTURA DA SOJA TRANSGÊNICA SOB DOIS SISTEMAS DE PREPARO DO SOLO

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cíntia Maria Teixeira FIALHO ◽  
José Barbosa dos SANTOS ◽  
Marco Antônio Moreira de FREITAS ◽  
André Cabral FRANÇA ◽  
Antonio Alberto da SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl

Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar o levantamento fitossociológico de plantas daninhas antes e após aplicação de herbicidas pós-emergentes na cultura da soja transgênica. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados com os herbicidas: lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl (150 + 50 g ha-1), imazethapyr + fomesafen (100 + 250 g ha-1) e glyphosate (1000g ha-1) nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional. As amostragens de plantas daninhas ocorreram em quatro épocas: antes da aplicação dos herbicidas (estádio V2); aos sete dias após aplicação dos herbicidas (estádio V4); no início do florescimento da cultura (R1) e em pré-colheita da soja (estádio R8), utilizando quadrado inventário (0,25 m²) jogado ao acaso nas parcelas por duas vezes. As espécies vegetais amostradas foram identificadas, contadas e pesadas para obtenção dos parâmetros fitossociológicos. As plantas daninhas de maior densidade, abundância e índice de valor de importância no local foram: Brachiaria plantaginea, Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea sp., Cyperus rotundus e Digitaria horizontalis. No sistema de plantio convencional B. plantaginea e C. rotundus apresentaram os maiores índices de valor de importância, e no sistema de plantio direto B. plantaginea e D. horizontalis. Ao final do ciclo da cultura, no sistema de plantio convencional, o controle feito com somente glyphosate permitiu reinfestação por C. rotundus. No sistema de plantio direto, nessa mesma época, observouse predomínio de B. plantaginea seguida por D. horizontalis, sendo que a última não esteve presente nas parcelas tratadas com imazethapyr + fomesafen.  Abstract This objective of this work was to carry out a phytosociological assessment of the weed communiy before and after post-emergents herbicides application on transgenic soy crop. The treatments were arranged in random blocks by using:lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl (150 + 50 g ha-1), imazethapyr + fomesafen (100 + 250 g ha-1) and glyphosate(1000 g ha-1) underno-tillage and conventional systems. The weed community sampling occurred in four seasons: before herbicide application (V2 stage); seven days after herbicide application (V4 stage); at the beginning of flowerage (R1) and at soy pre-harvest (R8 stage), using the inventory square method applied through a square of 0.25 m², randomly placed twice. The species found were identified, counted and weighed to obtain phytosociological parameters. The families that showed higher density, abundance and importance value index in the area were: Brachiaria plantaginea, Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea sp., Cyperus rotundus and Digitaria horizontalis, meanwhile B. plantaginea and C. rotundus showed higher importance value index under conventional system and B. plantaginea and D. horizontalis showed importance value index under no-tillage systems. Comparing the systems, at the end of the crop cycle, the management using only glyphosate under conventional system allowed a significative C. rotundus infestation. Under no-tillage system, at the same season, B. plantaginea predominated followed by D. horizontalis wasn’t present in parcels treated with imazethapyr + fomesafen.

Hydrophysical Quality of an Oxisol Under a No-tillage System with Alternative Crops to Renew a Sugarcane Field

Sugar Tech ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eber Augusto Ferreira Do Prado ◽  
Antonio Carlos Tadeu Vitorino ◽  
Rodrigo Arroyo Garcia ◽  
Cesar Jose da Silva
Keyword(s):  
No Tillage ◽  
Sugarcane Field ◽  
Alternative Crops ◽  
Tillage System

scholarly journals Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Growth, Yield, and Nodulation in the Early Transition Period from Conventional Tillage to Conservation and No-Tillage Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2477
Author(s):  
Sergeja Adamič ◽  
Robert Leskovšek
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Seed Yields

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is the most important protein crop globally, with its cultivation area in Europe on the increase. To investigate how alternative tillage systems affect soybean growth, yield performance, and nitrogen fixation capacity in the early conversion period from conventional tillage to conservation and no-tillage practices, a field study was conducted in 2020 under the humid central European climatic conditions of Slovenia. A complete randomized block design with four repetitions was used for the three different tillage systems (conventional, conservation, and no-tillage). The results show that the majority of the studied soybean growth parameters (e.g., plant density, nodes per plant, and shoot and root dry matter) and the yield components (e.g., pods per plant, and 100-seed mass) were greatest for the reference conventional tillage system. The conventional system also showed significantly greater dry nodule mass (p < 0.01) and proportion of large-sized nodules (>4 mm) on both the tap root (p < 0.05) and the lateral roots (p < 0.001). A positive linear correlation between nitrogen content and nodule production in the roots also suggested increased nitrogen fixation for the conventional system. The less intensive conservation and no-tillage systems resulted in significantly greater soil compaction, which negatively affected early plant establishment and resulted in significantly decreased plant densities. Despite the large differences in plant stands and individual plant performances, no significant differences were seen for dry seed yields between these tillage systems. Dry seed yields for the conventional and conservation systems were 4.54 and 4.48 t ha−1, respectively, with only minor (non-significant) yield reduction for the no-tillage system, at 4.0 t ha−1. These data show that soybean cultivation in the early transition period to less intensive tillage systems have no major yield losses under these less suitable agro-climatic conditions if correct crop and weed management measures are implemented.

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