scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DE PALHADA DE SORGO POR APLICAÇÃO HORMÉTICA DE HERBICIDAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Tiago Pereira da Silva Correia ◽  
Arthur Gabriel Caldas Lopes ◽  
Francisco Faggion ◽  
Leandro Augusto Felix Tavares ◽  
Paulo Roberto Arbex Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate ◽  
Sorghum Straw

PRODUÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DE PALHADA DE SORGO POR APLICAÇÃO HORMÉTICA DE HERBICIDAS   TIAGO PEREIRA DA SILVA CORREIA1, ARTHUR GABRIEL CALDAS LOPES2, FRANCISCO FAGGION3, LEANDRO AUGUSTO FELIX TAVARES4, PAULO ROBERTO ARBEX SILVA5   1Docente da Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campos universitário Darcy Ribeiro ICC, cep:70910-900, Asa norte, Brasília, DF, Brasil. [email protected] 2Doutorando do PPGA da Universidade de Brasília, Campos universitário Darcy Ribeiro ICC, cep:70910-900, Asa norte, Brasília, DF, Brasil. [email protected] 3Docente da Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campos universitário Darcy Ribeiro ICC, cep:70910-900, Asa norte, Brasília, DF, Brasil. [email protected] 4Docente do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Av. Universitária, 1000, Bairro universitário, cep:38610-000, Unaí, MG, Brasil. [email protected] 5Docente da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Campos de Botucatu, Av. Universitária, 3780, cep:18610-034, Altos do paraíso, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. [email protected]   RESUMO: No sistema plantio direto a manutenção de palhada sobre o solo é essencial, especialmente em regiões onde a decomposição é rápida. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de subdoses de herbicida Glifosato, 2,4 D e Haloxifope-P-Ester Metílico na produção e manutenção de palhada de sorgo ao sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Água Limpa, pertencente a Universidade de Brasília. Foi utilizado um esquema fatorial 3 (Herbicidas: Glifosato; 2,4-D Sal Dimetilamina; Haloxifope-P-Ester metílico) x 2 (Subdoses: 4 e 6 g i.a ha-1 de Glifosato; 0,6 e 1,2 g i.a ha-1 de Haloxifope-P-metílico; 80 e 160 g i.a ha-1 de 2,4-D Sal Dimetilamina), com quatro repetições inteiramente casualizadas. Aos tratamentos incluiu-se um testemunha sem aplicação de subdoses. As subdoses menor, maior e testemunhas foram identificadas por D1, D2 e D0 respectivamente. Os tratamentos foram aplicados 35 dias após a semeadura com pulverizador tratorizado, e a partir dos 100 dias foram avaliados teor de lignina (TL), massa de materia seca (MMS) e produtiviade de grãos. D2 de Glifosato aumenta 5,35% a MMS e 3% o TL da palhada de sorgo e não difere a produtividade de grãos da cultura. D1 de Haloxifope-P-Ester Metílico aumenta 9,2% a MMS da planta de sorgo. As subdoses dos demais herbicidas estudados reduzem a produtividade de grãos de sorgo.   Palavras-chave: plantio direto, cobertura vegetal, subdose, glifosato, 2,4D.   PRODUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF SORGHUM STRAW BY HORMETIC APPLICATION OF HERBICIDES   ABSTRACT: In the no-tillage system, maintaining straw over the soil is essential, especially in regions where decomposition is rapid. The work aimed to evaluate the application of underdoses of herbicide Glyphosate, 2,4 D and Haloxifope-P-Ester Methyl in the production and maintenance of sorghum straw to the no-tillage system.  The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Água Limpa Farm, belonging to the University of Brasília. A factorial scheme 3 (Herbicides: Glyphosate; 2,4-D Dimethylamine salt; Haloxifop-P-methyl ester) x 2 (Subdoses: 4 and 6 g ia ha-1 of Glyphosate; 0.6 and 1.2 g Haloxifop-P-methyl ia ha-1; 80 and 160 g ia 2,4-D salt Dimethylamine), with four completely randomized repetitions. The treatments included a control without the application of underdoses. The minor, major and control subdoses were identified by D1, D2 and D0 respectively. The treatments were applied 35 days after sowing with tractor spray, and after 100 days, lignin content (TL), dry matter mass (MMS) and grain yield were evaluated. The D2 treatment of Glyphosate presents MMS 5.35% higher at 190 days after sowing. The same treatment increased the TL by 3% and did not differ in the productivity of sorghum grains.   Keywords: no-till, vegetation cover, underdosing, glyphosate, 2,4D.

scholarly journals OFF-SEASON STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE SOIL PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES IN A NO-TILL SYSTEM IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
RANIER VIEIRA FERREIRA ◽  
ROSE LUIZA MORAES TAVARES ◽  
SILVIO VASCONCELOS PAIVA FILLHO ◽  
INDIAMARA MARASCA ◽  
ALESSANDRO GUERRA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
No Till ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

In the central region of Brazil, sorghum and maize are considered viable crop alternatives to be cultivated during off-season periods, mainly for the production of grains in succession to the cultivation of soybeans and intercropping with brachiaria grasses. This study aimed to evaluate the physical soil qualities of the soil from an area with different off-season management histories (monoculture or agricultural intercropping). Maize, sorghum and brachiaria crops have been cultivated under no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The treatments included: monoculture or intercropping between sorghum and brachiaria (first off-season strategy) or maize and brachiaria (second off-season strategy). The following physical properties of the soil were evaluated: soil bulk density, porosity, soil resistance to penetration, soil moisture and texture and the contents of organic carbon, which were analyzed at 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm deep. In the off-season, the cultivation of single brachiaria promoted a greater amount of dry matter when compared with sorghum- brachiaria or maize-brachiaria intercropping. The topsoil presented better physical quality when compared with the adjacent layers under no-tillage system. The use of brachiaria combined with sorghum or maize tends to improve the macro and microporosity of the soil.

scholarly journals SUPPRESSION OF Urochloa brizantha AND U. ruziziensis BY GLYPHOSATE UNDERDOSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-589
Author(s):  
SUZETE FERNANDES LIMA ◽  
LEANDRO SPÍNDOLA PEREIRA ◽  
GUSTAVO DORNELES DE SOUSA ◽  
GUSTAVO SILVA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
ADRIANO JAKELAITIS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

ABSTRACT Intercropping of Urochloa species with corn is an alternative to enable the no-tillage system, besides influencing weed community. Therefore, the investigation of underdoses of the herbicide glyphosate to manage grasses in intercropping systems, avoid grain yield losses, and make feasible intercropping in agricultural areas is important. This study aimed to evaluate glyphosate underdoses in the suppression of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and Urochloa ruziziensis and weed control. Two tests were conducted under field conditions in a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments consisting of increasing glyphosate doses (0, 54, 108, 270, 378, 540, 756, and 1.080 g a.e. ha−1). All treatments received a dose of 1.200 g a.i. ha−1 of atrazine. Evaluations of phytointoxication of brachiaria plants were carried out at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. Moreover, total dry matter, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, leaf to stem ratio, and canopy height of brachiaria plants and density and dry matter production of weed community were evaluated at 80 and 125 days after sowing. Glyphosate underdoses lower than 238 and 105 g a.e. ha−1 have potential to be investigated aiming at the management of U. brizantha cv. Marandu and U. ruziziensis, respectively.

GROWTH AND NPK UPTAKE BY SOYBEAN CULTIVARS IN NORTHERN U.S.A. UNDER REDUCED TILLAGE SYSTEMS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. DEIBERT ◽  
R. A. UTTER
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Late Maturity

A field study was conducted during 1985–1987 on a Fargo clay soil to evaluate growth, and NPK content at beginning flowering, pod fill, and mature seed at harvest of an early- (McCall) and a late-maturity (Dawson) soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar as influenced by conventional (plow) or reduced (sweep, intertill, no-till) tillage systems and weed control methods. Excellent seed emergence was obtained on all tillage systems. Fall application of granular herbicide provided excellent weed control but herbicide plus cultivation caused reduced plant growth. Tillage system did not significantly affect plant and seed dry matter production. Yearly differences in dry matter production between early- and late-maturity cultivars depended on precipitation distribution. N and P uptake at pod fill was equal to seed uptake while K in the seed was one-half that measured at pod fill. Stratification of P and K in the surface soil profile of the reduced tillage systems was not detrimental and possibly enhanced early growth when root development was not extensive. Plants exhibited chlorosis on only the plow system under wet soil conditions indicating improved internal drainage under the reduced tillage systems. Interactions of climate with tillage system and cultivar maturity were more pronounced in this soybean study than previously reported which may be related to the cool, dry northern area.Key words: Soybean, no-till, zero-till, weed control, plant nutrients, cultivars, soil nutrient stratification

scholarly journals Evolution of some components of agroecosystems productivity from Vinga Plain in water stress situations

2010 ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Daniel Dicu ◽  
Iacob Borza ◽  
Dorin Tarau
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
System Level ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
On Line ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
The Impact

The researches are inscribed on line of substantiation of durable agricultural system, having main objective the prominence ofquantitative and qualitative modifications made on agro-system level under the effect of no-tillage system for wheat, maize and soybeans.The experimental field is placed on a cambium chernozem, with a medium content of clay, dominant in the Prodagro West Arad agrocentreand representative for a large surface in the Banat-Crisana Plain.The passing to no-till system change the structure of technological elements, through less soil works, so the impact on agro-system isdifferent comparing with conventional tillage, first less the intervention pressure on agro-system ant secondly appears new interactions, newequilibriums and disequilibriums.Considering the evolution of soil humidity, the observations made monthly (by taking soil samples and laboratory determinations) forthe three cultures showed that in the no-till system, there are more uniform values in the soil profile, and in the variants where the deep workof soil was made it could be observed a low increase of the water volume in the soil.

scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE DE FITOMASSA DE REBROTAS DE SORGO EM CONSÓRCIO COM CAPIM-PAIAGUÁS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
ALLAN HISASHI NAKAO ◽  
MARCELO ANDREOTTI ◽  
VIVIANE CRISTINA MODESTO ◽  
ISABÔ MELINA PASCOALOTO ◽  
DEYVISON DE ASEVEDO SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Sorghum Grain

RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de matéria seca e verificar o acúmulo denutrientes das rebrotas do sorgo granífero ou dupla aptidão consorciados ou não com capim-paiaguás, com ou sema inoculação por Azospirillum brasilense, para continuidade do sistema plantio direto no Cerrado, após colheita paraensilagem. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Universidade Estadual Paulista(Unesp) - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental foi emesquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por dois anos de cultivo (2015 e2016); em cultivo exclusivo (solteiro) dos sorgos (granífero ou dupla aptidão) ou em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás,com ou sem a inoculação das sementes de sorgo com a bactéria diazotrófica Azospirillum brasilense. O aproveitamentoda rebrota do sorgo granífero ou de dupla aptidão, principalmente em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás, apresentou-seviável na produção de palhada remanescente no período de entressafra, pela maior produtividade de matéria seca, commaior acúmulo de nutrientes.Palavras-chave: Decomposição, integração lavoura-pecuária, Urochloa brizantha, plantio direto.PHYTOMASS PRODUCTIVITY OF SORGHUM INTERCROPPEDWITH PAIAGUÁS GRASSABSTRACT: This study objectified to evaluate the dry matter productive performance and to verify the nutrientaccumulation of sorghum regrowths with or without Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás (paiaguás grass)intercropped, and with or without Azospirillum brasilense inoculation, for the continuity of the no-tillage system in theCerrado, after harvesting for ensiling. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farmof the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Ilha Solteira Campus, located in the municipality of Selvíria, MatoGrosso do Sul State. The experimental design used a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments weretwo years of cultivation (2015 and 2016) and two different seeding arrangements of sorghum (grain or dual aptitude),monocropped or intercropped with paiaguás grass, with or without inoculation of sorghum seeds with Azospirillumbrasilense. The use of regrowth of both sorghum types (grain sorghum or dual aptitude), mainly intercropped withpaiaguás grass, was viable for the production of remaining straw in the off-season period, due to the higher productivityof dry matter, with greater accumulation of nutrients.Keywords: Decomposition, crop-livestock integration, Urochloa brizantha, no-tillage.

scholarly journals Soil compaction and cover with black oat on soybean grain yield in lowland under no-tillage system

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
Alison Machado Fontinelli ◽  
Lucas Santos da Silva ◽  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Matheus Martins Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Surface Residue ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Winter Fallow

ABSTRACT: Brazil is the largest exporter and second largest producer of soybean grains. Most of this production is from plants grown under no-tillage system (NT). This research evaluated the effect of soil compaction, and different amounts of black oat residues on the soil surface on soybean growth and grain yield in lowland under NT. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications, in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 crop seasons. The treatments consisted of: 1) winter fallow without soil compaction (WF); 2) winter fallow with soil compaction (WF-C); 3) black oats and complete removal of surface residues, with soil compaction (0R-C); 4) black oats and removal half of surface residues, with soil compaction (0.5R-C); 5) black oats without surface residue removal, with soil compaction (1R-C); 6) black oats without surface residue removal, plus the residues from treatment 3, with soil compaction (2R-C); 7) black oats without surface residue removal, without soil compaction (1R). When the soybean plants were at the phenological stage R2, they were evaluated nodule, root and shoot dry matter, nitrogen contents, plant height, and grain yield. The soil physical properties were evaluated in the 0.0-0.05, 0.10-0.15 and 0.20-0.25 m layers. The soybean aerial dry matter is > 38% in non-compacted soil in year with soil water excess, regardless of the amount of surface oat straw. In year with small water deficit, soil with more surface oat straw produced > 5% shoot dry matter and > 4% of soybean grain, regardless of compaction. The plant growth and grain yield soybean in lowland varied according to the water conditions, and were affected by soil compaction and amounts of black oats residues on soil surface.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TIME OF GLYPHOSATE APPLICATION IN THE CONTROL OF BRACHIARIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
Hugo Marcus Fialho e Moraes ◽  
Wendel Magno de Souza ◽  
Rodrigo Magalhães Faria ◽  
Lino Roberto Ferreira ◽  
Christiano da Conceição de Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The no-tillage system is considered an important tool for sustainable production. In this system, the burndown of brachiaria is usually performed with the application of systemic herbicides, such as glyphosate. As a result of environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity and winds), the timing of spraying can directly interfere in the control efficiency. Therefore, the objective was to study different times of application of glyphosate in the control efficiency of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. The glyphosate was applied in the morning, afternoon and evening, at doses of 0; 360; 720; 1080; 1440 and 2160 g a.e. ha-1. To analyse the efficiency of U. brizantha burndown, the phytotoxicity was evaluated at 21 days after application. At 42 after application a mowing was done and 90 days after mowing, the dry matter accumulation and the Leaf Area Index of regrowth were determined. The best control results of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu were obtained in the applications of glyphosate during the morning and afternoon. Evening applications of glyphosate should be avoided.

scholarly journals Surface applied lime dynamics and base saturation index in a consolidated no-tillage area

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Diego Bortolini ◽  
Luís César Cassol ◽  
Jonatas Thiago Piva ◽  
Cristiam Bosi ◽  
Kassiano Felipe Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Tillage System

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of chemical properties and crop yields during five years after liming, in a consolidated no-tillage system area and indicate a base saturation index to serve as a criterion for recommendation. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four repetitions, being the treatments the five lime doses (0, 2.4, 4.8, 7.2 and 9.6 Mg ha-1) applied and maintained on the soil surface. Soil chemical properties were evaluated in eight soil sampling, in the layers 0 to 0.025; 0.025 to 0.05; 0.05 to 0.10; 0.10 to 0.15; 0.15 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m, besides crop grain yield (wheat, soybean and corn) and black oat dry matter yield, totaling five years of evaluation. The surface liming in no-tillage system increased the exchangeable magnesium and calcium contents, base saturation and soil pH and reduced the exchangeable aluminum content. The cumulative grain yield (six crops) and black oat dry matter yield (three crops) was not influenced by liming. These results suggested, from this study conditions, that the value of 50% of base saturation should be adopted as a criterion for liming for crops implanted under consolidated no-tillage systems.

scholarly journals Evaluation of physiological traits in upland rice for adaptation to no-tillage system

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre B. Heinemann ◽  
Luís Fernando Stone ◽  
Nand K. Fageria ◽  
Lucas M. de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Early Vigor

In the cerrado region of Brazil, no-tillage is an alternative management practice to conserve soil and reduce cost of crop production. However, many studies have been showed that there is a decrease in the yield when upland rice is cropped in this system. Therefore, there is a need that new breeding initiatives introgress favorable traits into upland rice for no-tillage adaptation. Key traits include faster emergence, ability to germinate when deep seeded, faster root development, and early canopy closure during the vegetative stages. All those traits can be summarized as "early vigor". So, the objective of this study was to evaluate physiological traits of four contrasting parental upland rice cultivars to verify their adaptation to no-tillage system. A greenhouse experiment with four upland rice cultivars (BRS Primavera, BRS Curinga, BRS Soberana, and Douradão) were planted at three different dates and growth at potential conditions. Development stages, total dry matter, leaf area, leaf dry matter, leaf length, leaf elongation rate and leaf duration were measured and calculated. Based on physiological traits, the four cultivars showed differences in the growth cycle. However, for biomass and leaf area growth and leaf expansion traits they did not differ significantly, probably being the lack of genetic "early vigor" a characteristic of the modern cultivars. The growth and development pattern was significantly affected by planting dates and not by cultivars.

scholarly journals Agronomic Components of Brown Linseed as a Function of Spacing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Dionei Schmidt Muraro ◽  
Claudir José Basso ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Vinícius Jardel Szareski ◽  
Luan Cutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
The One ◽  
Santa Maria

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of brown linseed, submitted to different spacing between lines. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen Campus, under a typical eutrophic Red Latosol, from September to December 2013. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications and four treatments, with experimental plots of 4.0 × 3.0 meters, totaling 12.0 m². The treatments consisted of four line spaces, 17, 34, 51 and 68 cm. The following parameters were evaluated: dry matter, plant height, stem diameter, weight of one thousand seeds and grain yield. The spacing of 0.17 m was the one that stood out showing higher yield and agronomic characteristics favorable to the crop, such as a smaller stature of important plant from the point of view of a lower lodging and a greater production of dry matter, and consequently residual straw for cultivation in succession, this being a basic premise in areas under no-tillage system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document