scholarly journals Microscopic morphology and testis morphometry of captivity-bred Adult bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802)

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1461-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Carlos ◽  
Sérgio Luis Pinto da Matta
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽  
Nuclear Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Microscopic Morphology

The aim of this work was to study the testicular morphometry of captivity-bred adult bullfrogs. Fifteen young adult male were studied, in the rainy season and a lengthy photoperiod. The GSI was established at 0.15%. The nuclear diameter of germinative and Leydig cells, the nucleolus diameter of Sertoli cells and the area of cysts and tubules were determined and the mean number of ISPC, IISPC and SPT per cyst and the mean number of cysts per tubule was estimated. The nucleoplasmatic proportion of the nucleus of the Leydig cell was 76.22%, indicating less cytoplasmic activity. Eight generations of spermatogonia were found. The spermatogenesis efficiency in meiosis and in mitosis was 63 and 49%, respectively. The spermatogenesis of bullfrog fited in the pattern of other captivity Anurans, with differences as the morphology of Sertoli and Leydig cells nuclei.

scholarly journals STEREOLOGICAL QUANTITATION OF LEYDIG AND SERTOLI CELLS IN THE TESTIS FROM YOUNG AND OLD MEN

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Petersen ◽  
Bente Pakkenberg
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Optical Fractionator ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Old Men

One of the newer stereological methods, the optical fractionator, was applied to the study of the effects of ageing on the human testis. The estimated total number of Sertoli and Leydig cells per testis in men younger than 30 years were 430×106 (CV = SD/mean = 0.35) and 117×106 (CV = 0.53), respectively, while in men older than 50 years the estimated total Sertoli cell number was 266×106 (CV = 0.46) and the mean Leydig cell number 83×106 (CV = 0.53). The difference between the number of Sertoli cells in men younger than 30 years compared with men older than 50 years was close to statistical significance (p = 0.052) while no differences was found in total Leydig cell number (p = 0.22).

scholarly journals Testicular expression of NGF, TrkA and p75 during seasonal spermatogenesis of the wild ground squirrel (Citellus dauricus Brandt)

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhang ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
Q. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Nonbreeding Season ◽  
Function Change ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neuronal Systems

The nerve growth factor (NGF) not only has an essential effect on the nervous system, but also plays an important role in a variety of non-neuronal systems, such as the reproductive system. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes in<strong> </strong>expression of NGF and its receptors (TrkA and p75) in testes of the wild ground squirrel during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons.<strong> </strong>Immunolocalization for NGF was detected mainly in Leydig cells and Sertoli cells in testes of the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. The immunoreactivity of TrkA was highest in the elongated spermatids, whereas p75 in spermatogonia and spermatocytes in testes of the breeding season. In the nonbreeding season testes, TrkA showed positive immunostainings in Leydig cells, spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes, while p75 showed positive signals in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. Consistent with the immunohistochemical results, the mean mRNA and protein level of NGF and TrkA were higher in the testes of the breeding season, and then decreased to a relatively low level in the nonbreeding season. In addition, the concentration of plasma gonadotropins and testosterone were assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and the results showed a significant seasonal change between the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. To conclude, these results of this study provide the first evidence on the potential involvement of NGF and its receptor, TrkA and p75 in the seasonal spermatogenesis and testicular function change of the wild ground squirrel.

248. Oestrogen receptor beta is involved in the regulation of Leydig cell number in the mouse

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
M. Gould ◽  
H. D. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Receptor Beta

Recent evidence suggests that oestrogen plays a physiological role in the testis. Both oestrogen receptor alpha and oestrogen receptor beta (ERb) are present in the testis and administration of oestrogen has been shown to inhibit the development of Sertoli, Leydig and germ cells. This study investigates the effect of ERb on the testis using ERb knockout mice (bERKO). Adult male bERKO mice (n=8) and their wild-type littermates (n=7) were killed at 11 weeks postpartum. One testis from each animal was fixed in Bouin’s fluid and embedded. Each testis was fractionated and thick sections cut and stained with PAS. The optical disector method was used to count the number of Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids in each testis. Trunk blood was collected and plasma testosterone concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay. No significant differences in body or testis weight were seen between the bERKO or wild-type mice. Similar numbers of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids were also observed between the two groups. The number of Leydig cells was significantly increased in bERKO mice compared with their wild-type littermates (P < 0.05). Despite the increased number of Leydig cells in the bERKO mice there was no significant difference in plasma testosterone concentrations in this group compared to the wild-type mice. Oestrogen has been reported to inhibit proliferation of adult-type Leydig cells and to inhibit steroidogenesis. This study suggests that the regulation of Leydig cell proliferation may be mediated by ERb. The presence of normal circulating testosterone concentrations in bERKO mice suggests that the effects of oestrogen on steroidogenesis are not brought about by ERbeta.

Adult rat Sertoli cells secrete a factor or factors which modulate Leydig cell function

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Papadopoulos ◽  
P. Kamtchouing ◽  
M. A. Drosdowsky ◽  
M. T. Hochereau de Reviers ◽  
S. Carreau
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Stimulating Factor

ABSTRACT Production of testosterone and oestradiol-17β by Leydig cells from adult rats was stimulated by LH or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10 and 2·5-fold respectively). The addition of spent medium from normal, hemicastrated or γ-irradiated rat seminiferous tubule cultures, as well as from Sertoli cell cultures, to purified Leydig cells further enhanced both basal (44 and 53% for testosterone and oestradiol-17β respectively) and LH-stimulated (56 and 18%) steroid output. Simultaneously, a decrease (20–30%) in intracellular cyclic AMP levels was observed. This stimulating factor (or factors) secreted by the Sertoli cells is different from LHRH, is of proteinic nature and has a molecular weight ranging between 10 000 and 50 000; its synthesis is not controlled by FSH nor by testosterone. This factor(s) involved in rat Leydig cell steroidogenesis, at a step beyond the adenylate cyclase, does not require protein synthesis for testosterone formation whereas it does for oestradiol-17β production. It should be noted that a germ cell–Sertoli cell interaction modulates the synthesis of this factor(s). J. Endocr. (1987) 114, 459–467

scholarly journals Role of gonadotrophins in regulating numbers of Leydig and Sertoli cells during fetal and postnatal development in mice

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Baker ◽  
PJ O'Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Number Of Cells

The role of the gonadotrophins in regulating numbers of Leydig and Sertoli cells during fetal and postnatal development was examined using normal mice and hypogonadal (hpg) mice, which lack circulating gonadotrophins. The disector method was used to determine the number of cells from day 16 of gestation until adulthood. The numbers of Leydig cells did not change significantly between day 16 of gestation and day 5 after parturition in normal mice and were not significantly different from numbers in hpg mice at any age up to day 5 after parturition. There was a 16-fold increase in the number of Leydig cells in normal mice between day 5 and day 20 after parturition, followed by a further doubling of number of cells between day 20 and adulthood. The number of Leydig cells in hpg testes did not change between day 5 and day 20 after parturition but doubled between day 20 and adulthood so that the number of cells was about 10% of normal values from day 20 onwards. Leydig cell volume was constant in normal animals from birth up to day 20 and then showed a 2.5-fold increase in adult animals. Leydig cell volume was normal in hpg testes at birth but decreased thereafter and was about 20% of normal volume in adult mice. The number of Sertoli cells increased continuously from day 16 of gestation to day 20 after gestation in normal mice and then remained static until adulthood. The number of Sertoli cells in hpg testes was normal throughout fetal life but was reduced by about 30% on day 1 (day of parturition). Thereafter, Sertoli cells proliferated at a slower rate but over a longer period in the hpg testis so that on day 20 after parturition the number of Sertoli cells was about 50% of normal values, whereas in adult mice the number was 65% of normal. The number of gonocytes did not change between day 16 of gestation and day 1 and did not differ between normal and hpg testes. The number of gonocytes increased nine-fold in normal testes but only three-fold in hpg testes between day 1 and day 5 after parturition. Gonocytes differentiated into spermatogonia in both normal and hpg testes between day 5 and day 20 after parturition. These results show: (i) that fetal development of both Sertoli and Leydig cells is independent of gonadotrophins; (ii) that normal differentiation and proliferation of the adult Leydig cell population (starting about day 10 after parturition) is dependent on the presence of gonadotrophins; and (iii) that the number of Sertoli cells after birth is regulated by gonadotrophins, although proliferation will continue, at a lower rate and for longer, in the absence of gonadotrophins.

THYROID FUNCTION AND ADRENAL WEIGHT IN THE RABBIT

1958 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. BROWN-GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Absolute

SUMMARY Young adult male rabbits were thyroidectomized or treated with methylthiouracil and adrenal weights determined after 3 or 6 weeks. No significant changes were seen following thyroidectomy. After 3 weeks of methylthiouracil treatment the mean absolute weight of the adrenal glands, but not the relative weight, was reduced. After 6 weeks both the absolute and relative weights were increased above the control levels, but the differences were not statistically significant. The results are compared with those obtained by other workers for rabbits and for other species.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF NICOTINE INHALATION TO THE COUNT OF SPERMATOGONIA, SERTOLI CELLS AND LEYDIG CELLS OF YOUNG WHITE RAT WISTAR STRAIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aril Rizaldi ◽  
Doddy M Soebadi ◽  
Soetojo Soetojo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nicotine Exposure ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Wistar Strain

Objective: To analyze the difference in the number of spermatogonia, leydig cells and sertoli cells in young age of  white mice Wistar strain after inhalation of chronic nicotine exposure. Material & Method: Laboratory experimental study with post test only control group design, measurement of spermatogonium, leydig cell, sertoli cell in 5 groups of young male Wistar strain, negative control group and treatment group given nicotine exposure 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, and 4 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days. Results: A significant reduction in spermatogonium was found in the group given nicotine 0.5 mg/kgBW/day (p=0.048), 1 mg/kgBW/day (p=0.002), 2 mg/kgBW/day (p=0.002) and 4 mg/kgBW/day (p=0.000) when compared to the control group. Significant decreases were also seen in the group receiving 4 mg of nicotine exposure compared with 0.5 mg (p=0.018). Significant decrease in sertoli cell count was seen only in the nicotine group of 4 mg/kgBW/day compared with the control group (p=0.047). A significant decrease in leydig cell count was found in the nicotine 2 mg/kgBW/day (p=0.037) and nicotine group 4 mg/kgBW/day (p=0.023) when compared with the control group. Significant decreases were also found in the 4 mg/kgBW/day group compared to the 0.5 mg/kgBW/day group (p=0.004). In this study there were also a decrease in the number of spermatogonia, sertoli cells, and leydig cells in the increased dose of nicotine given although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Chronic exposure of nicotine per inhalation may decrease the number of spermatogonia, sertoli cells, and leydig cells. The higher the dose of nicotine given the greater the decrease in the number of spermatogonium cells, sertoli cells, and leydig cells that occur. This proves that nicotine is one of the causes of infertility in men.

Some histochemical and ultrastructural observations on the early foetal pig testis

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-277
Author(s):  
C. J. A. H. V. van Vorstenbosch ◽  
C. M. J. E. van Rossum-Kok ◽  
B. Colenbrander ◽  
C. J. G. Wensing
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Complex ◽  
Sustentacular Cells

Testes of foetal pigs between 26 to 35 days post coitum (p.c.) were investigated histochemically and ultrastructurally. Diaphorase and Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities were studied using, respectively, NADH and pregnenolone and dihydroxy androsterone as substrates. Ultrastructurally, attention was focused on the development of mesenchymal cells and on the sustentacular cells in the primitive sex cords in an attempt to detect the origin of Ley dig cells. Histochemically there is a concentration of activity toward the interstitium with increasing age. Also the reactions increase in intensity. Ultrastructurally no evidence for Leydig cell development from Sertoli cells could be observed. Mesenchymal cells between the sex cords show a development toward Leydig cells. This is absent in mesenchymal cells in the future tunica albuginea. Before 30 days p.c. no ‘true’ Leydig cells can be observed morphologically. The role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum/mitochondrial complex, which is present in many mesenchymal and sustentacular cells, is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of FSH on testicular morphology and spermatogenesis in gonadotrophin-deficient hypogonadal mice lacking androgen receptors

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J O'Shaughnessy ◽  
A Monteiro ◽  
G Verhoeven ◽  
K De Gendt ◽  
M H Abel
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Androgen Receptors ◽  
Round Spermatid ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Testicular Morphology

FSH and androgen act to stimulate and maintain spermatogenesis. FSH acts directly on the Sertoli cells to stimulate germ cell number and acts indirectly to increase androgen production by the Leydig cells. In order to differentiate between the direct effects of FSH on spermatogenesis and those mediated indirectly through androgen action, we have crossed hypogonadal (hpg) mice, which lack gonadotrophins, with mice lacking androgen receptors (AR) either ubiquitously (ARKO) or specifically on the Sertoli cells (SCARKO). These hpg.ARKO and hpg.SCARKO mice were treated with recombinant FSH for 7 days and testicular morphology and cell numbers were assessed. In untreated hpg and hpg.SCARKO mice, germ cell development was limited and did not progress beyond the pachytene stage. In hpg.ARKO mice, testes were smaller with fewer Sertoli cells and germ cells compared to hpg mice. Treatment with FSH had no effect on Sertoli cell number but significantly increased germ cell numbers in all groups. In hpg mice, FSH increased the numbers of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, and induced round spermatid formation. In hpg.SCARKO and hpg.ARKO mice, in contrast, only spermatogonial and spermatocyte numbers were increased with no formation of spermatids. Leydig cell numbers were increased by FSH in hpg and hpg.SCARKO mice but not in hpg.ARKO mice. Results show that in rodents 1) FSH acts to stimulate spermatogenesis through an increase in spermatogonial number and subsequent entry of these cells into meiosis, 2) FSH has no direct effect on the completion of meiosis and 3) FSH effects on Leydig cell number are mediated through interstitial ARs.

A study on comparison of bleeding time and clotting time in young adult male and female subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 05-09
Author(s):  
Ayesha Anjum ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Subjects

Background: Bleeding time is a laboratory test to assess the platelet function. It is dependent on various factors like function of platelets and pathway of coagulation. Clotting time is the time required for a sample of blood to clot in vitro under standard conditions. It is known from previous studies that there is a difference in the bleeding time and clotting time among males and females. The exact reasons for such differences have been postulated, but are insufficient. Therefore the aim of this study is to study and compare the gender differences in bleeding time and clotting time in young male and female subjects. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study is to determine and compare the differences in bleeding time and clotting time in young adult male and female subjects. Materials and Methods: This study was done in the Department of Physiology, Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur. Sixty medical students studying in first year M.B.B.S, were selected for the study, out of which thirty were males, and thirty were females. Bleeding time was determined by Duke’s method and Clotting time was determined by Wrights Capillary tube method. Data was analysed using SPSS software. Unpaired ‘t’ test was used for comparing the values. p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Result: The mean value of bleeding time in males was found to be,127.69±51,02 and in females it was 133.28±44.30. The mean of the CT in males was 212.18±60 and in females it was found to be 257.16±61.00.The mean BT and CT was significantly higher in females as compared to the males. Conclusion: It was found that there are differences in bleeding time and time in males and females, BT and CT were statistically more in females as compared to females.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document