Application of water quality biological indices using diatoms as bioindicators in the Gravataí river, RS, Brazil

The Gravataí river situated in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre has an area of approximately 2.020 km² and provides public water supply to about 500,000 inhabitants in 5 municipalities (latitude 29° 45'-30° 12' S; longitude 50° 27'-51° 12' W). The river basin has two regions with distinctive characteristics of occupation: the upper course shows intensive farming and the lower course presents urban and industrial uses. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality in the Gravataí River (RS, Brazil) by using physical, chemical and microbiological variables, and the water quality biological indices (WQBI) formulated for southern Brazilian rivers based on epilithic diatom communities as indicators. For comparison purposes, a local WQBI, called the Gravataí WQBI, was also used where species were given new saprobic values (s) and indicative values (vi) according to their occurrence and abundance in the river, using multivariate analytical techniques. The biological samples were taken every three months at six stations along the Gravataí River between September 2000 and August 2002. The results of the physical and chemical analyses of the water indicated a pollution gradient down the river, from the headwaters to the mouth, detected mainly by considering a significant decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen and turbidity, as well as a significant increase in BOD5, total nitrogen, ortho-phosphate and thermotolerant coliforms. Comparing the results obtained, differences were found regarding the predominant pollution levels as higher in the Gravataí WQBI, although both corroborated a tendency for the contamination gradient to increase from the headwaters to the mouth. Given the local anthropic changes, it is of great importance to continue the study of diatom species tolerance to organic pollution and eutrophication in different lotic systems of the region.

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SPATIAL EVALUATION OF THE WATER QUALITY FROM THE VELHAS RIVER CHANNEL, IN THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS

Periódico Tchê Química ◽

10.52571/ptq.v15.n30.2018.78_periodico30_pgs_75_86.pdf ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (30) ◽

pp. 75-86

Author(s):

C. C. PINTO ◽

K. B. ALMEIDA ◽

S. C. OLIVEIRA

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Principal Component ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Belo Horizonte ◽

Monitoring Stations

This study presents an evaluation of the water quality variability of 19 monitoring stations located in the channel of the Velhas river, using multivariate statistical techniques - Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis/Factor Analysis (PCA/FA). Sixteen physical-chemical parameters were evaluated between January 2009 and June 2016, totalizing 27,232 valid observations. The CA grouped the nineteen monitoring stations into three groups based on the pollution levels. The PCA/FA resulted in six latent factors for group 1, four for group 2 and five for group 3, accounting for 71.44%, 65.32% and 61.69% of the total variance in the respective water quality. The factors indicated that the parameters responsible for the variations in water quality are mainly related to the release of sanitary sewage and industrial effluents and also to agriculture and livestock activities. These results reflect different water quality conditions of the Velhas River in its extension but, in fact, it is verified a greater variability of the water in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte and its downstream, justified by the different loads of pollutants received in this region, mainly the releases of domestic sewage and industrial effluents.

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Sivas-Kurugöl Su Kalite Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v1i1.37-43.2 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ekrem Mutlu ◽

Tuğba Demir ◽

Banu Kutlu ◽

Telat Yanık

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Water Classification ◽

And Control ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Town ◽

And Chemical Properties

Kurugöl Lake; Sivas province Hafik county Kurugöl village located within the boundaries of Sivas province, 54 km, Hafik the town 24 miles away, an area of 8.9 ha altitude of 1362 m, an average depth of 3.4 - 4 m with gypsum plateau on the bottom of the boiling water along with rainfall and snowmelt with the lake is fed naturally. Kurugöl (Hafik - Sivas) waters of Lake of the physical and chemical properties during the year changes occurring determining water quality characteristics to reveal the pollution levels are determined, living life in terms of the availability of the detection, water pollution and control regulations by the lake water classification and fishing activities, compliance with were identified. The inland lake in Kurugöl (SKKY) according to the classification of water resources in accordance with the parameters measured I-III water quality varies from class.

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Water quality in four reservoirs of the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil

Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia ◽

10.1590/s2179-975x4914 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 370-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Denise Amazonas Pires ◽

Andrea Tucci ◽

Maria do Carmo Carvalho ◽

Marta Condé Lamparelli

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Environmental Data ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Trophic State Index ◽

São Paulo ◽

State Index ◽

Components Analysis ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Guarapiranga Reservoir

Abstract Aim: This paper describes some limnological variables of four reservoirs with different trophic status (Billings, Guarapiranga, Jundiaí and Paiva Castro) of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil, aiming to characterize the water quality in these reservoirs. Methods Water sampling occurred between October 2011 and September 2012, on subsurface, at the pelagic compartment. Physical and chemical characteristics of water were evaluated, and the Trophic State Index (TSI) was calculated. Multivariate Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used to ordinate sampling sites and periods in relation to environmental data. Results Two reservoirs were classified as eutrophic (Billings and Guarapiranga), one as mesotrophic (Jundiaí) and one as oligotrophic (Paiva Castro). The highest concentrations of total phosphorus, nitrogen and chlorophyll a were recorded in the eutrophic reservoirs. The lowest values of dissolved oxygen concentration were registered at Guarapiranga reservoir. Residence time in Paiva Castro reservoir was very low (one day); on the other hand, the highest value was recorded in Billings reservoir: 428 days.

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Fuzzy Evaluation of Water Quality Based on Micronucleus Technology of Vicia faba Root Tip

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2019/3047362 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Lingling Yang

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Vicia Faba ◽

Evaluation Model ◽

Root Tip ◽

Chaohu Lake ◽

Fuzzy Evaluation ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Mathematical Evaluation ◽

Physical And Chemical

By establishing a fuzzy mathematical evaluation model based on physical and chemical indicators, this paper investigates the genetic toxic pollution of Chaohu Lake in 2016 through the micronucleus technology of the Vicia faba root tip and evaluates the water quality of Chaohu Lake. The results show that, in recent years, the overall water quality of the lakes around Chaohu has improved slightly, but the pollution levels of some areas (such as Nan Fei He and Shi Wu Li He) are still serious. The results can also provide a more reliable theoretical basis for the planning and management of environment protection.

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Water quality assessment of rivers in Mongolia

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2006.304 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 53 (10) ◽

pp. 111-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P. Kelderman ◽

P. Batima

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Major Ions ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Organic Pollution ◽

Sediment Yields ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Run Off ◽

Acceptable Quality

A study was made on the water quality of the rivers in Mongolia over the years 1949–1990 for the three river basins in the country. In most of the 72 monitoring stations, the water quality is governed by geological and hydrological characteristics; bicarbonate and calcium are the most abundant major ions. No significant trends were observed between river discharges and total dissolved solids contents. The sediment yields (expressed in the run-off of total suspended solids, TSS) were always low, viz. between 0.02 and 20 × 103 kg TSS/km2.yr. In general, the rivers in Mongolia showed low pollution levels for organic pollution, phosphorus, nitrogen, etc., and no time trends were observed in this respect. This does not hold, however, for the northern Tuul River, where especially high BOD and ammonium values were found. This can probably be ascribed to the presence of industries and larger cities, as well as agricultural practices. The rivers in Mongolia can generally be classified as “clean” or “of acceptable quality”. In contrast, the Tuul River was shown to be “moderately polluted”, with a deteriorating trend in water quality over recent years.

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Evaluation of the ecological state of the major streams located in Doon valley using diatoms as indicators

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v10i1.1658 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 500-506

Author(s):

Rajbeer Singh ◽

Prakash Nautiyal ◽

Rachana Nautiyal

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Chemical Change ◽

Ecological Integrity ◽

Organic Pollution ◽

Ecological State ◽

Diatom Species ◽

Ecosystem Integrity ◽

Biological Communities ◽

Doon Valley ◽

Physical And Chemical

Biological communities reflect overall ecological integrity (i.e. chemical, physical and biological integrity). Since the diatom species exhibit variation in tolerances to physical and chemical change in water, they are excellent indicators changes in their environment. Based on the dominant categories for each characteristic, the ecological state of the stream can be determined. This study evaluates the ecological state of the streams in Doon Valley. The diatom samples collected at regular monthly intervals from the twelve streams located in the eastern and western Doon were treated with acid-peroxide and mounted in Naphrax for species count at x1500. About 250-300 valves of diatom species were counted and Van Dam ecologic values were computed by OMNIDIA ver. 5.3. pH was alkaliphilous (4), salinity - fresh brackish (2) and oxygenation - continuously high (1) for most of the streams. Saprobity and trophic status was largely β-mesosaprobous (2) and eutraphentic (5), respectively. The Leclercq index also shows non-existent (<10%) to low (10-20%) organic pollution, degradation (IDSE=3.5-3.0) and moderate anthropogenic eutrophication (20.1-45%) in most of the streams attributed to urbanization stress (62 MLD sewage). The water quality based on indices; IBD (Indice biologique diatomèes), IPS (Indice de polluo-sensibilite) and TDI (Trophic Diatom Index) showed the moderate water quality in the streams of the Valley. Like EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) India should also have the objective to ensure ecosystem integrity through bio-assessment and not just mere pollution control.

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Long Term Monitoring of the Macrobenthos of the Upper Clyde Estuary

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1984.0143 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 16 (5-7) ◽

pp. 359-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anne R Henderson

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

Organic Pollution ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

Pollution Loading ◽

Faunal Density ◽

History Of ◽

Long Term Monitoring ◽

Term Monitoring

The sublittoral macrobenthic invertebrate populations of the Upper Clyde Estuary are described. The estuary has a long history of organic pollution. The long term changes in species composition, faunal density and dominance patterns between 1974 and 1980 are presented. The fauna is dominated by brackish, pollution tolerant oligochaetes and polychaetes. Fluctuations in populations can be related to both seasonal variation in environmental conditions and long term improvements in water quality through a reduction in pollution loading to the estuary.

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The relationship between health effects in triathletes and microbiological quality of freshwater

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0549 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (5-6) ◽

pp. 19-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. J. Medema ◽

I. A. van Asperen ◽

J. M. Klokman-Houweling ◽

A. Nooitgedagt ◽

M. J. W. van de Laar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Health Complaints ◽

E Coli ◽

Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽

Microbiological Water Quality ◽

The Relationship ◽

Faecal Streptococci

This pilot study was carried out to determine the relationship between microbiological water quality parameters and the occurrence of health complaints among triathletes. Data were collected at an Olympic distance triathlon (n=314) and a run-bike-run (n=81; controls for exposure to fresh water). At the time of the triathlon, the concentrations of Escherichia coli , thermotolerant coliforms, faecal streptococci, entero- and reoviruses, F-specific RNA phages, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were examined over the swimming course. Information on the occurrence of health complaints during the competition and in the week thereafter was collected through a written questionnaire. The results show that triathletes and run-bike-runners are comparable with respect to factors other than water exposure (age, sex, training history, physical stress, lower intestinal health complaints during the competition) that may influence the occurrence of health complaints in the week after the competition. Triathletes and run-bike-runners reported gastro-intestinal (7.7% vs 2.5%), respiratory (5.5% vs 3.7%), skin/mucosal (2.6% vs 1.2%), general (3.5% vs 1.2%) and total symptoms (14.8% vs 7.4%) in the week after the event. The health risks for triathletes for all symptom groups are not significantly higher than for run-bike-runners. The geometric mean concentration of faecal indicator bacteria is relatively low: E. coli 170/100 ml; faecal streptococci 13/100 ml, enteroviruses were present at concentrations of 0.1/l. The group of triathletes was homogeneusly and relatively intensely exposed to water; they all swam in the same body of water at the same time and 75% reported to have swallowed freshwater. It was concluded that this study design is suitable to study the relationship between health complaints and microbiological water quality. In the summers of 1993 and 1994, a study will be carried out concerning several run-bike-runs and triathlons in freshwaters of different quality.

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Assessment of Automatically Monitored Water Levels and Water Quality Indicators in Rivers with Different Hydromorphological Conditions and Pollution Levels in Greece

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology8020086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Angeliki Mentzafou ◽

George Varlas ◽

Anastasios Papadopoulos ◽

Georgios Poulis ◽

Elias Dimitriou

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Time Series ◽

Quality Indicators ◽

High Frequency ◽

Automatic Monitoring ◽

Water Levels ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Water Quality Indicators ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Riverine Ecosystems

Water resources, especially riverine ecosystems, are globally under qualitative and quantitative degradation due to human-imposed pressures. High-temporal-resolution data obtained from automatic stations can provide insights into the processes that link catchment hydrology and streamwater chemistry. The scope of this paper was to investigate the statistical behavior of high-frequency measurements at sites with known hydromorphological and pollution pressures. For this purpose, hourly time series of water levels and key water quality indicators (temperature, electric conductivity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations) collected from four automatic monitoring stations under different hydromorphological conditions and pollution pressures were statistically elaborated. Based on the results, the hydromorphological conditions and pollution pressures of each station were confirmed to be reflected in the results of the statistical analysis performed. It was proven that the comparative use of the statistics and patterns of the water level and quality high-frequency time series could be used in the interpretation of the current site status as well as allowing the detection of possible changes. This approach can be used as a tool for the definition of thresholds, and will contribute to the design of management and restoration measures for the most impacted areas.

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Diatom Algae-Indicators of Water Quality in the Lower Zarafshan River, Uzbekistan

Water ◽

10.3390/w13030358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 358

Author(s):

Sophia Barinova ◽

Karomat Mamanazarova

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Organic Pollution ◽

Middle Part ◽

Pollution Indices ◽

Distribution Analysis ◽

State Monitoring ◽

Ecological Mapping ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

Toxicity Indices

This work is the first, the purpose of which was a comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River using bioindication of water quality by diatoms based on species’ ecological preferences, pollution indices, statistics, and ecological mapping. A total of 198 species and subspecies of diatoms were first identified from 195 samples collected four times a year at six sites in the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River in 2009–2015. The richest species were Cymbella, Navicula, and Nitzschia. Pleurosira laevis, resistant to salinity, was first found in aquatic habitats in Uzbekistan. Bioindicators of nine environmental variables make up 91% of the list. Distribution analysis of variables, pollution indices (SLA—SládečDek index of saprobity), and toxicity indices (WESI—Water Ecosystem State Index) show increases in salinity, turbidity, and decreases in organic pollution downstream. The source of acidification can be the Navoi region. We found an increase in the ability to self-purify with an increase in species richness and abundance of diatoms in the lower part of Zarafshan. Thus, the ecosystem of the studied part of the river successfully copes with the incoming pollution from the middle part of Zarafshan and demonstrates some stability and successful self-purification with a water quality class of 2–3. The first studied lower reaches of the ecosystem of the Zarafshan River using bioindicators, statistics, and ecological mapping show that the problem of aridization in Central Asia does not necessarily lead to degradation of the river ecosystem and an increase in pollution, but with rational water use can improve water quality and self-purification processes. Hence, diatoms can be good indicators of river water quality in a semi-arid region and reflect the climate and anthropogenic load change. We recommend that attention be paid to nutrient and turbidity management and to expand state monitoring points to the lower part of the river up to the Karakul region.

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