Nutritional value of dehydrated maize straw ammoniated with urea

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and in situ degradation dry matter of maize straw ammoniated with urea. This was a completely randomized design with five levels of ammoniation (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8% dry matter), with five repetitions. There was effect (P<0.05) of the ammoniation process on the retention of nitrogen in maize straw. For each 1% utilization of urea, we observed a reduction of 1.57% nitrogen retention. The dry matter content was not influenced (P>0.05) by the ammoniation; straw presented a mean value of 75%. In turn, the crude protein content increased (P<0.05) with ammoniation, increasing from 2.74% in the straw without treatment to 10 and 11% with the levels of 6 and 8% urea, respectively. For each 1% urea used, we found a reduction (P<0.05) of 0.65% in the neutral detergent fiber content of maize straw. The acid detergent fiber presented effect (P<0.05) in response to ammoniation. The technique provided a reduction of 0.69% acid detergent fiber for each 1% urea used. For dry matter degradation, we observed an increase in the soluble fraction up to the level of 6% urea. The ammoniation process favored the increase in the dry matter degradation rate of maize straw. It is recommended to conduct the ammoniation process in maize straw with 6% urea.

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Evaluation of corn cultivars harvested at two cutting heights for ensilage

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982011000100003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 12-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hamilton Caetano ◽

Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira ◽

José Esler de Freitas Júnior ◽

Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽

Francisco Palma Rennó ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Fiber Digestibility ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Cutting Height

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, bromatological-chemical composition and digestibility of 11 corn cultivars (Zea mays) harvested at two cutting heights. Cultivars D 766, D 657, D 1000, P 3021, P 3041, C 805, C 333, AG 5011, FO 01, CO 9621 and BR 205 were evaluated when they were harvested 5 cm above ground (low) and 5 cm below the insertion of the first ear (high). The experiment was designed as random blocks, with three replicates, arranged in an 11 x 2 factorial scheme. Cultivars presented similar productions of forage dry matter and grains. Percentages of stalk, leaf, straw, cob and kernel fractions were different among cultivars, as well as dry matter content of the whole plant at harvest. Considering the whole plant, only the contents of gross energy, nitrogen in neutral detergent fiber, and in vitro neutral and acid detergent fiber digestibility did not differ among cultivars. Increase on the cutting height improved forage quality due to the reduction of stalk and leaf fractions and contents of cell wall constituents.

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Bromatological Composition of Elephant Grass Genotypes for Bioenergy Production

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v38i230292 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Henrique Guimarães De Favare ◽

Joadil Gonçalves De Abreu ◽

Livia Vieira De Barros ◽

Felipe Gomes Da Silva ◽

Luis Miguel Mendes Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber

Aimed to evaluate the bromatological composition of different genotypes of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) to energy production through combustion. The experimental design was a randomized block with 3 repetition and the treatments arranged in a subdivided plots scheme, considering as a plots the thirteen genotypes and harvests (dry and rainy) as subplots. The genotypes evaluated were Cubano Pinda, Porto Rico, Vrukwona, Piracicaba 241, Cuba 116, Taiwan A-25, Mecker, Napier, Canará, Guaçu, Cameroon, CNPGL 93-41-1 and CNPGL 91-25-1 clones. The experiment lasted two consecutive years with harvests made every 6 months, with a harvest in the dry season (September) and another one in the rainy season (March), totaling 4 harvests. For dry matter content analysis, three tillers were selected at random and dried in an oven at 55ºC until reaching a constant mass. For biomass quality analysis, the samples were ground in Willey type mills with 1 mm sieves, submitted to bromatological analysis to determine the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, volatile materials, and fixed carbon content. Higher levels of dry matter (greater than 44.4%), acid detergent fiber (greater than 44.8%), volatile matter (greater than 94.3%) and higher calorific value (greater than 3,450 kcal kg-1) occur in the dry period of the year and in genotypes Mercker, Piracicaba 241, Guaçu and BRS Canará genotypes.

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Chemical composition, aerobic stability, and fermentation pattern of white oat silage wilted with glyphosate

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n3p971 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 971

Author(s):

Antonio Vinicius Iank Bueno ◽

Fernando Alberto Jacovaci ◽

Matheus Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽

Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽

João Luiz Pratti Daniel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Fermentation Pattern ◽

Silage Production ◽

High Buffer Capacity

White oat has good nutritional quality but is not an easy forage to ensile due to its high buffer capacity and moisture content at ensiling moment. Therefore, wilting is necessary to offset such negative aspects. However, this process demands skilled workforce and adequate machinery. In this way, chemical desiccation is a promising technology to reduce the steps needed for wilting. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of glyphosate as a chemical desiccant on the nutritional quality, fermentation pattern, losses, and aerobic stability of wilted white oat (Avena sativa) silages. White oat sowing occurred in the first fortnight of May 2013. Desiccant application took place when oat reached milky-dough grain stage (96 days after planting). Glyphosate doses evaluated were 0, 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 mL ha?1. Three days after desiccation, all treatments were ensiled, and the silos were stored for 150 days. A completely randomized design was used, and all statistical procedures were performed by means of Bayesian Inference. No differences were found for lactic acid, but treated-silage pH linearly decreased. The lowest concentration of butyric acid (3.40 mg kg-1) was observed at 900.80 mL ha-1. For ammonia, the highest point (50 g kg-1) occurred at 916.51 mL ha-1. Aerobic stability was not influenced by treatments. Maximum dry matter recovery index (934 g kg-1) was observed at 864.20 mL ha-1 glyphosate. Wilted forage from treatments 500 mL ha-1, 750 mL ha-1, and 1000 mL ha-1 had greater dry matter content compared to control (320.1, 326, 301.3, and 270.7 g kg-1 respectively). Hemicellulose linearly decreased and crude protein linearly increased. The lowest concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (642.8 g kg-1) and neutral-detergent insoluble nitrogen (2.30 g kg-1) occurred at doses of 1141.32 mL ha-1 and 829.14 mL ha-1, respectively. In brief, for wilted white oat silage production, harvested at milky-dough grain stage, glyphosate application prior to ensiling up to 1000 mL ha-1 led to better conservation compared to non-treated silage.

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Análisis químico y digestibilidad “in vitro” de rastrojo de maíz (Zea mays L.).

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/am.v12i2.17232 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Jesús Fuentes ◽

Calixtro Magaña ◽

Lorenzo Suárez ◽

Rodolfo Peña ◽

Sergio Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corn Stover ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Physical Treatments ◽

Dry Matter Weight

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical and physical treatments on the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and organic matter (IVOMD) digestibility of corn stover. Seventy five bales of corn stover (25 ground, 25 chopped, and 25 whole) were treated with 4% ammonia (NH3) of the dry matter weight. A completely randomized design with factorial array 2x3 (0.0 and 4.0% NH3 and three particle sizes). Results indicated that dry matter content decreased as particle size increased. Protein content increased by 110, 116 and 91 units for the ground, chopped and whole corn stover treated with NH3 with respect to the control. Ether extract increased by 7.3% for corn stover treated with NH3. Similar trend was followed by the ash content which increased by 6.0% for corn stover treated with NH3. Ammonia treatment affected negatively the neutral detergent fiber values by 20.0, 7.0 and 7.7% for ground, chopped and whole corn stover, respectively. Similar results were found for acid detergent fiber with values of 7.17, 12.53 and 11.42% lower for ground, chopped and whole corn stover, respectively; than those found for the untreated material. IVDMD and IVOMD were increased with NH3 treatment.

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Nutritional characteristics of sorghum hybrids hay (sorghum sudanense x sorghum bicolor)

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v39i3.32524 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mário Henrique Melo e Lima ◽

Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽

Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽

Renê Ferreira Costa ◽

José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Matter Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Extract Content ◽

Nutritional Characteristics

This study evaluated the nutritional characteristics of hay of nineteen hybrids between sorghum and Sudan grass. The experimental design was a randomized block with nineteen treatments and three replications. The chemical characteristics of the respective hays were analyzed 52 days after sowing and 45 and 49 regrowth days. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, and when the F test was significant, the treatment means were compared by the Scott and Knott test at 5%. Genotypes 1013026 and 1014020 showed similar dry matter content. As for ether extract content, the highest values ranged from 2.20 to 2.66%. Higher values of minerals were observed in hybrids 1013026 and 1011005. In relation to crude protein, higher content values were reported for hybrids 1013021 and 1013020 (14.59 and 15.47% CP). When evaluating the neutral detergent fiber content, lower values varied between 56.05 and 57.07% for hybrids 1013016 and 1011009. Considering the content of acid detergent fiber, values ranged from 32.70 to 35.78%. Values of dry matter digestibility were higher than 50%. All hybrids provide quality hay, however the hybrid 1014019 showed the best nutritional value.

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KUALITAS NUTRISI AMPAS SAGU HASIL FERMENTASI JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus) DENGAN WAKTU PANEN YANG BERBEDA

Agrinimal Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Tanaman ◽

10.30598/ajitt.2019.7.2.69-76 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 69-76

Author(s):

Insun Sangadji

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Least Square ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Randomized Design

Improving local feedstuff which is abundantly available in Maluku Province suh as sago (Metroxylon rumphii) by-product to be a nutritional feedstuff for live is an innovative way to address the scarcity of nutritious feed for livestock in Maluku. The purpose of this research was arranged into a complete randomized design with four treatments: control (no fermentation), before harvest (after full mycelium), the first harvest, and the second harvest. Each treatment was replicated triple. Least square test was applied to determine the statistical differences among the treatmenst. The observed variables were dry matter, crude protein, Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and lignin. The result showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) on dry matter content, protein content, NDF, ADF and lignin content among treatments. Average dry matter content in each treatment was 40.08%, 35.16%, 28,78% and 27,23% for control, before harvest, the second harvest and the first harvest, respectively. Avarage protein content in each treatment was 5.52%, 5.33%, 5.21% and 2.05% for before harvest, the first harvest, the second harvest and control, respectively. Avarage NDF content in each treatment was 55.59%, 51.21%, 48.73% and 46.43% for control, before harvest, the first harvest and the second harvest, respectively. Average ADF content in each treatment was 46.53%, 44.57%, 43.74% and 42.13% for control, before harvest, the secobd harvest and the first harvest, respectively. Average lignin content in each treatment was 5.63%,4.37%, 3.29% and 3.21% for control, before harvest, the second harvest and the first harvesst, respectively. Based on nutrient content, it is suggested that fermented sago by-product on the first harvest time can be applied as livestock feedstuff. However, fermented sago by-product on the second harvest time is economical.

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Silage of Marandu Grass with Levels of Stylo Legume Treated or Not with Microbial Inoculant

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n9p36 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Joao P. S. Rigueira ◽

Odilon G. Pereira ◽

Karina G. Ribeiro ◽

Sebastião De C. V. Filho ◽

Andréia S. Cezário ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Microbial Inoculant ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Fermentation Profile ◽

Four Levels ◽

Different Levels

The chemical composition, fermentation profile, microbial population and dry matter recovery were evaluated in marandu grass silages containing different levels of Stylo legume cv. Campo Grande treated or not with microbial inoculant. A 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (four levels of Stylo legume, with and without microbial inoculant) was used in a completely randomized design with four replications. The levels of Stylo legume used were 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the weight in the natural matter. The marandu grass was harvested at 70 days of regrowth and the Stylo legume at the pre-flowering stage. It was observed the effect of interaction between levels of Stylo legume and microbial inoculant on dry matter content, effluent losses, dry matter recovery and yeast and molds populations. The dry matter content of the silages with and without inoculant increased (P < 0.05) linearly with the addition of Stylo legume. A linear decreasing effect was observed for neutral detergent fiber contents and a linear crescent effect for the crude protein contents of the silages with addition of Stylo legume. The pH values had a quadratic effect with addition of Stylo legume, with a maximum value of 4.16 in the inclusion of 12.25% of Stylo legume. The LAB population increased linearly with an increase in the levels of Stylo legume. The dry matter recovery increased linearly with the addition of Stylo legume, in the silages without inoculant. It is concluded that the consortium of marandu grass with Stylo legume improves the chemical composition, fermentation profile, and decrease the dry matter losses of the silages, regardless of the use of microbial inoculant.

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Nutritional value of tifton 85 bermudagrass at two cutting heights and different times of storage

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p2129 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 2129

Author(s):

Samantha Mariana Monteiro Sunahara ◽

Marcela Abbado Neres ◽

Jaqueline Rocha Wobeto Sarto ◽

Caroline Daiane Nath ◽

Kácia Carine Scheidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Ground Level ◽

Matter Content ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Cutting Height

The goal of this study was to assess the dehydration curve and nutritional value of Tifton 85 bermudagrass at two cutting heights from ground level (4 and 8 cm) during 120 days of storage in a closed shed. The dehydration curve was determined using samples from the entire plant at eight different times. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with plots subdivided per times and five replicates. The second step consisted of assessing the nutritional value of the stored Tifton 85 bermudagrass in randomized blocks with plots subdivided per times and two treatments per plot: cutting height of four and eight centimeters from the ground, and five different times for the subplots, with five replicates. Dehydration of Tifton 85 bermudagrass at the two heights occurred in 48 hours, considered an ideal time for hay drying. The dry matter content responded quadratically to the time of storage of the two heights, only differing during baling and after 120 days of storage. Crude protein content had a quadratic behavior in the two cutting heights, with the smallest value after 30 days of storage (107.0 g kg-1) and the largest after 90 days (147.8 g kg-1) in the cutting height of eight centimeters. The ether extract exhibited a quadratic behavior in the two cutting heights, only differing after 90 days of storage. The neutral detergent fiber content had linear positive response according to the time of storage, with no difference between the cutting heights. For the neutral detergent fiber content in the two cutting heights, the quadratic regression model was the best fit to the data, differing between the heights after 30 and 60 days of storage. In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro cell wall digestibility values of the stored hay were lower than the values obtained at the time of cutting. Cutting performed at four centimeters from the ground was the most suitable for hay production due to higher dry matter production and nutritional value without difference between bailing treatments. Hay storage caused undesirable changes in the nutritional value, especially in fiber content and in vitro digestibility.

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Yield and nutritional value of BRS Capiaçu grass at different regrowth ages

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p2045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 2045 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Flávio Pinto Monção ◽

Marco Aurélio Moraes Soares Costa ◽

João Paulo Sampaio Rigueria ◽

Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽

Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Northern Region ◽

Matter Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

The objective was to evaluate the productivity, chemical composition, ruminal degradability of dry matter and digestibility of BRS capiaçu grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) managed at five regrowth ages. A completely randomized design with ten replications was used in the BRS capiaçu elephant grass subjected to five cutting intervals (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) in the summer, making a total of 50 plots with a useful area of 4 x 2 m. There were daily increases in the dry matter production in the order of 382 kg ha-1, with 49,859 kg ha-1 being produced at 150 regrowth days. The dry matter content and organic matter linearly increased (P < 0.01) at different regrowth ages. The crude protein content, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber linearly reduced (P < 0.01) 0.037%, 0.196% and 0.256% per day, respectively. Potential degradability of dry matter decreased from 68.9% at 30 days to 44.7% at 150 regrowth days (0.194 percentage units per day). The rate of degradation of fraction B 'c' was not modified (P = 0.94), averaging 1.46% hour-1. In the cultivation of BRS capiaçu elephant grass in the summer season, in the northern region of Minas Gerais, the age for harvesting between 90 and 120 days of regrowth is recommended.

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Valorization of dietary lemon pomace waste to enhance lucerne silage composition and quality characteristics, and ruminal biogas production and fermentation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-392203/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maghsoud Besharati ◽

Valiollah Palangi ◽

Zabihollah Nemati ◽

Rashid Safari ◽

Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Gas Production ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Production Volume ◽

Randomized Design

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding various levels of waste sour lemon pomace to lucerne on the properties and ruminal gas production of silage. Levels of 0 (Control), 25 (L1), 50 (L2), 75 (L3), and 100 (L4) % lemon pomace were replaced by lucerne for silage preparation and silenced for 60 days. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications (3 silos per treatment). After opening the silos, pH and dry matter were measured immediately, and the dried samples were kept at -20 until further tests. The silage pH decreased with the addition of lemon pomace compared to the control (p < 0.05). Total silage volatile fatty acids and dry matter content increased with adding lemon pomace. The results of gas production also showed that lemon pomace increased the in vitro gas production volume. Adding lemon pomace to lucerne silage due to the high pectin content in these agricultural wastes caused a rapid decrease of silage pH and an acidic environment. It prevented the growth of non-beneficial bacterial species. The obtained data showed that waste sour lemon has a good potential to use as a livestock feedstuff that can be useful in reducing the cost of ruminant production and preventing environmental pollution.

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