scholarly journals Induction and differentiation of reproductive buds in Coffea arabica L.

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidia Majerowicz ◽  
Maro R. Söndahl
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches

The induction and differentiation phases of reproductive buds of Coffea arabica L. have not received much attention. In the present paper, axillary buds from five plagiotropic branches that developed in the same growing season without fruits (1st crop branches), and from green segments of five recently grown plagiotropic branches with fruits (2nd crop branches), were collected every two weeks during successive inductive months of the year. This study was carried out with adult arabica trees, Catuaí Vermelho cv. IAC 81, cultivated under normal farming conditions in the region of Campinas, SP, Brazil (22º54' Lat. S). Slides of longitudinal-axial sections of 10-12 mum thickness were mounted for the characterization and quantification of histological stages of bud differentiation. The results indicate that the regulatory signals controlling the phases of induction and differentiation of floral buds are distinct, and that there are differences in the response between branches with and without fruits. In the case of 1st crop branches (no fruits present), induction of floral buds took place in January and February, whereas floral bud differentiation was observed during the months of March and April. In 2nd crop branches (fruits present), the induction of floral buds was observed during any month of the year provided that they had already overcome their juvenile state (October-July, in this study). In these 2nd crop branches, the flower bud differentiation was only observed after harvesting all pre-existing fruits of each branch (after May, in this study), which suggests that floral bud differentiation in Arabica coffee is influenced by the source-sink relationship, i.e. by the presence of developing fruits within each plagiotropic branch.

scholarly journals Gibberellic acid, paclobutrazol, fluoridone, abscisic acid affecting flowering and fruit set of coffee

1969 ◽  
Vol 89 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Flores ◽  
Winston De la Torre ◽  
Miguel Monroig ◽  
Wigmar González
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Applications of gibberellic acid (GA), paclobutrazol and gibberellic acid (Paclo/GA), fluoridone and gibberellic acid (FL/GA), and abscisic acid (ABA) were made to synchronize flowering in coffee trees (Coffea arabica L.). Overall growth of trees and branches was not affected by the treatments. Production of new leaves was not affected by the treatments. However, the Paclo/GA treatment tended to increase the production of secondary branches. Flower bud production was affected by the ABA treatment during the first three weeks, showing an initial reduction in number and a late development of buds. Plants receiving the GA treatment produced more flowers during the first week of evaluation as well as a higher number and greater weight of mature fruits during the first week of harvesting. 

scholarly journals Rootstock Effects on the Flowering of `Delicious' Apple. I. Bud Development

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1010-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Hirst ◽  
David C Ferree
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
One Year ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Floral development was studied in buds of `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' apple trees growing on B.9, M.26 EMLA, M.7 EMLA, P.18, and seedling rootstocks. In each of 3 years, buds were sampled from the previous years growth at intervals throughout the growing season and dissected to determine whether the apex was domed, indicating the start of floral development. Number of bud scales and true leaves increased during the early part of the growing season, but remained fairly constant beyond 70 days after full bloom. The type of rootstock did not affect the number of bud scales or transition leaves, and effects on true leaf numbers were small and inconsistent. Final bract number per floral bud was similarly unaffected by rootstock. The proportion of buds in which flowers were formed was influenced by rootstock in only one year of the study, which was characterized by high temperatures and low rainfall over the period of flower formation. Bracts were observed only in floral buds, and became visible after doming of bud apices had occurred. Flowers were formed during the first 20 days in August, regardless of rootstock or year. The appendage number of vegetative buds was constant from 70 days after full bloom until the end of the growing season, but the number of appendages in floral buds increased due to the continued production of bracts. The critical bud appendage number for `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' before flower formation was 20, and was stable among rootstocks and years. Buds with diameters above 3.1 mm were generally floral, but on this basis only 65% of buds could be correctly classified. Spur leaf number, spur leaf area, and spur leaf dry weight were not good predictors of floral formation within the spur bud.

scholarly journals Flower Bud Differentiation and Development of ‘Jinsi No.4’ Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in Hunan Province of Southern China

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Feng Zou ◽  
Jinghua Duan ◽  
Huan Xiong ◽  
Deyi Yuan ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Paraffin Section ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
Single Flower ◽  
Floral Bud

Ziziphus jujuba Mill. is one of the most important fruit crops and has been cultivated in China for more than 4000 years. Z. jujuba fruit is rich in nutritional and medicinal values. Compared to other wood fruits, Z. jujuba is unique in its flowering and fruiting characteristics. Floral buds differentiation and formation of Z. jujuba is an essential process that affects yield. Z. jujuba ‘Jinsi No.4’ blooms profusely, yet its final yield is low. In this study, the floral bud differentiation and development of ‘Jinsi No.4’ were examined by paraffin section. Results showed that the floral buds of ‘Jinsi No.4’ differentiated in the current year and started from early April. The duration of a single flower differentiation was short, taking only 7 days for maturation of flowers buds. Floral bud differentiation of ‘Jinsi No.4’ can be divided into six stages, i.e., pre-differentiation, initial differentiation, sepal differentiation, petal differentiation, stamen differentiation, and pistil differentiation. Flower development experienced seven stages, i.e., alabastrum, alabastrum break, sepal flattening, petal flattening, stamen flattening, filament withering, and ovule swelling. Dysplasia was observed in some floral organs in Z. jujuba ‘Jinsi No.4’, suggesting that the dysplasia of floral organs may be one of the main reasons for low yields. Our findings on flower bud development in ‘Jinsi No.4’ will contribute to its production and flowering management in Hunan area of southern China.

scholarly journals Patterns of Floral Bud Development in Canes of Erect and Trailing Blackberries

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiomi Takeda ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
Derek Peacock ◽  
John R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Basal Branch ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Flower Bud Development

Flower bud development was studied in `Cherokee', `Boysen', and `Marion' blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson). In `Cherokee' (erect type), the transition to reproductive development in buds on the branch canes occurred during September in Arkansas and Oregon. Transitions of buds in the axils of the most basal nodes (proximal to the main cane) and the most distal nodes lagged behind buds in the midsection (about nodes 6 to 10). Along the midsection of branch canes, the buds developed uniformly. In buds of `Boysen' and `Marion' (trailing type), the transition to reproductive development occurred in October and sepal primordia were observed in most buds examined by November. Progression of floral bud development continued into January, but at a slower rate than in autumn. Buds on the main canes (>3 m long) of `Boysen' and `Marion' remained at a more advanced stage of flower bud differentiation than buds on the basal branch canes. In both cultivars, buds from the middle one-third section, and sometimes buds from the bottom one-third section, tended to be more advanced than those buds in the top one-third section during much of the sampling period. The results suggest that rate and patterns of flower bud development vary among cultivars grown in different locations. However, the pattern of flower bud development was not in a basipetal fashion on main or branch canes.

scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO DE CAFEEIROS SUBMETIDOS A CINCO LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E TRÊS PARCELAMENTOS DE ADUBAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner Martins da Cunha Vilella ◽  
Manoel Alves de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Coffee Tree ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Splitting System ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches

Crescimento de cafeeiros submetidos a cinco lâminas de irrigação e três parcelamentos de adubação   Wagner Martins da Cunha VilellaManoel Alves de FariaDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CP 37, CEP 37200-000. E-mail: [email protected]   1 RESUMO   Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de cinco lâminas de irrigação e três parcelamentos de adubação sobre o crescimento do cafeeiro, em experimento localizado no campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. Utilizando irrigação por gotejamento, testou-se cinco lâminas de irrigação correspondentes a 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% e 0% (sem irrigação) da evaporação do tanque Classe A (ECA). Todos os tratamentos receberam a mesma dosagem de adubação, divididas em três, seis e nove vezes, entre os meses de outubro a março de cada ano. Os tratamentos de irrigação influenciaram significativamente o diâmetro do caule, altura das plantas, diâmetro de copa, comprimento dos ramos plagiotrópicos e número de internódios nos ramos plagiotrópicos, sendo que a reposição de 100% da ECA proporcionou o maior índice de desenvolvimento destas características. O parcelamento da adubação influenciou o comprimento dos ramos plagiotrópicos, onde a divisão em nove parcelamentos obteve o melhor resultado. O número de ramos plagiotrópicos e o número de ramificações nos plagiotrópicos não sofreram influência de nenhum tratamento aplicado. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a irrigação favorece o crescimento dos cafeeiros, principalmente repondo-se 100% da ECA, e a divisão da adubação em três, seis ou nove vezes, pouco interfere em seu crescimento.  UNITERMOS: Coffea arabica L., manejo de água, fertirrigação.   VILELLA, W.M.C.; FARIA, M.A. de, Growth of coffee trees submitted to five irrigation depths and three fertilization splittings   2 abstract   This study aimed to evaluate the application effects of five water depths and three fertilization splittings on coffee tree growth. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Lavras, based on Lavras city, MG, Brazil. Five irrigation depths were tested through drip irrigation which corresponded  to 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% and 0% (without irrigation) Class A pan (ECA) evaporation. All treatments received the same fertilizer amount divided into three, six and nine splittings from April to October each year. The irrigation treatments significantly influenced stem diameter, plant height, canopy diameter, length of the plagiotropic branches and number of internodes in the plagiotropic branches. 100%  ECA provided the greatest growth index of these characteristics. Fertilizer splitting influenced plagiotropic branch length in which the nine splitting system provided the best result for this characteristic. Plagiotropic and secondary branch number were not affected by any applied treatment.  Irrigation has favored the coffee tree growth mainly through 100% ECA restitution. On the other hand, the fertilization splitting into three, six or nine times has had little effect on  its growth.  KEYWORDS: Coffea arabica L., water management, fertirrigation.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jenis Pupuk Organik Cair Pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Terhadap Pertambahan Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Nurleli Sapurah ◽  
Trisda Kurniawan ◽  
Erida Nurahmi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches

Abstrak. Kopi merupakan bahan minuman yang memiliki aroma, rasa dan khasiat yang khas biji kopi mengandung kafein, kafein banyak digunakan dalam bentuk obat, makanan dan minuman produksi kopi dipengaruhi oleh teknik budidaya tanaman kopi salah satunya bagian pemupukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis pupuk organik cair pada berbagai konsentrasi terhadap pertambahan pertumbuhan vegetatif kopi arabika. Penelitian ini dilaksanakaan di Kebun Rakyat Desa Keudah Penosan Sepakat Kecamatan Blangjerango Kabupaten Gayo Lues dari bulan April sampai Juni 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial 2 x 4 dan 3 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 24 satuan percobaan pada hasil uji F yang signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur taraf 5%. Faktor pertama adalah jenis pupuk organik cair dengan 2 taraf yaitu: pupuk organik cair nasa dan pupuk organik cair mol Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi dengan 4 taraf yaitu, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 cc L-1 air. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertambahan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, pertambahan pertumbuhan diameter pangkal batang, pertambahan pertumbuhan panjang cabang Plagiotrop, pertambahan pertumbuhan jumlah daun cabang plagiotrop dan pertambahan pertumbuhan jumlah cabang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis pupuk organik cair nasa berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman umur 90, pertambahan pertumbuhan diameter pangkal batang umur 60 hari dan pertambahan pertumbuhan jumlah cabang plagiotrop umur 90 hari. Konsentrasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan pertumbuhan panjang cabang plagiotrop umur 90 hari konsentrasi terbaik yaitu 2 cc L-1 air pada jenis pupuk Mol dan tidak terdapat intraksi nyata. The Effect Type of Liquid Organik Fertilizer at Varius Consentration Vegetative Growth Arabica Caffea (Coffea arabica L.) Abstract.Coffee is a beverage that has the aroma, taste and special quality. Coffee beans contains caffeine, caffeine is widely used as medicine, food and beverages. Coffee production is influenced by coffee cultivation techniques, one of the techniques is fertilization. This study aims to determine the effect of types of liquid organic fertilizer in various concentrations on the increasing of vegetative growth of arabica coffee. This research was carried out at citizenry plantation, Keudah Penosan Sepakat Village, Blangjerango District, Gayo Lues Regency from April to June 2018. This study used a Factorial-Randomized Block Design 2 x 4 and 3 replications and there were 24 experimental units. The results of the significant F test is continued by Honest Real Difference test level of 5%. The first factor was the type of liquid organic fertilizer with 2 treatments : Nasa liquid organic fertilizer and mol liquid organic fertilizer. The second factor was concentration with 4 treatments :  2, 4, 6, and 8 cc L-1 water. The parameters observed were the increase of plant height growth , stem root diameter growth,  plagiotropic branch length growth, the number of leaves of plagiotropic branches growth and the number of branches. The results showed that the type of liquid organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the increase of plant height 90 DAP, the increase of stem root diameter growth and the increase of the number of plagiotropic branches 90 DAP. Concentration has a significant effect on the increase of the plagiotropic branch length 90 DAP. The best concentration is 2 cc L-1 water with Mol fertilizer and there was no real intraction.   

scholarly journals (333) Floral Commitment and Morphogenesis in Ten Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083A-1083
Author(s):  
Jianying Peng ◽  
Peter Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Single Peak ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Floral Bud

Buds were sampled from nonflowering spurs on 1-year-old wood of 10 apple cultivars during the 2004 growing season and dissected to determine floral commitment and morphogenesis. Dissected buds were classified into five stages based on floral bud morphogenesis. The 10 cultivars differed in their patterns of floral commitment and morphogenesis. At the end of the growing season, the proportion of floral buds was 30% to 100% depending on cultivar. The probability of observing doming, indicating floral commitment, was from 5% to 50% depending on cultivar, with `NJ90' (50%), `Zestar' (30%), and `CQR10T17' (30%) rated among the highest. The lowest probability (5%) was with `Ambrosia', `Pinova', and `Silken'. The time of a peak of floral commitment was earliest in `Delblush' and `CQR10T17' and latest in `Sundance'™ and `Pinova'. Most cultivars exhibited a single peak of floral commitment, except for `Pink Lady' in which two peaks were present. The duration of the process of flower initiation was from 20 to 43 days depending on cultivar. The timing of floral commitment and morphogenesis was not related either to blooming date, or to fruit harvest time of the cultivar.

SISTEMA DE PRODUCCIÓN DE CAFÉ (Coffea arabica L.) EN LA COMUNIDAD DEL CERRO CUATE, ILIATENCO, GUERRERO

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Delgado-Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Objetivo: Analizar el proceso de producción y comercialización de café en la comunidad del Cerro Cuate, Iliatenco, en la región de la Montaña de Guerrero, México.Diseño/Metodología/aproximación: el trabajo se realizó por; 1) investigación documental), 2) selección del área de estudio, 3) Entrevista estructurada con preguntas abiertas a 22 cafeticultores, soportada con la técnica de encuesta seccional y la herramienta de cédulas de entrevistas, y 4) análisis de la información. El tamaño de muestra se definió por el método de muestreo por conveniencia, y la selección de las unidades de análisis por la técnica bola de nieve. Resultados: El sistema de producción de café que predominó fue el sistema rústico de montaña, intercalado con plátano y frutales. La máxima productividad de las plantaciones se alcanza de 5.5 a 7.5años de edad, la renovación de plantas la hacen a los 12 años. El rendimiento de café fue de 3.7 kg por planta por año. La producción del café la realizan principalmente hombres (77.3%), entre 56 y 70años de edad. La venta se realiza en la presentación de café capulín a granel a intermediarios, a la ARIC, a CAFECO, a la Unión de Ejidos y a la Organización Mixtrui.Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Se da una propuesta de mejora para favorecer el proceso de producción, beneficio y comercialización del café.Hallazgos/conclusiones: Coffea arabica es el principal café que se cultiva, con las variedades Typica, Caturra, Mundo Novo, Garnica y Bourbón. Los factores que limitan su producción y calidad son faltade planeación en manejo del cultivo y no contar con asesoría técnica.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document