scholarly journals Activity, habitat use, feeding behavior, and diet of four sympatric species of Serranidae (Actinopterygii: Perciformes) in southeastern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Zaniolo Gibran
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Dusky Grouper

Diplectrum formosum (the sand perch), Diplectrum radiale (the aquavina), Epinephelus marginatus (the dusky grouper) and Mycteroperca acutirostris (the comb grouper) are four sympatric serranid of remarkable ecological and commercial importance. This study investigated the feeding of these four species in the São Sebastião Channel, São Paulo State (southeastern Brazil), comparing their diet, habitat utilization and morphological features related to foraging. These four serranids are opportunistic visual predators that use a total of nine different tactics to capture their preys, feed mostly on crustaceans during the day and twilight, and keep stationary and quiescent at night. The ecomorphological study was conducted to test its predictive value to infer lifestyles. It was verified that such analysis should be used carefully and must be complemented by field observations. Although morphologically and behaviorally very similar, D. formosum and D. radiale showed different preferences to the substratum type used by large individuals, which are exclusively sit-and-wait predators. On the other hand, E. marginatus displayed more sedentary habits than M. acutirostris, the most versatile predator from the studied species. The studied species of Diplectrum and E. marginatus can be regarded as benthic serranids, while M. acutirostris could be viewed as a nektobenthic species.

scholarly journals Helicometrina nimia Linton, 1910 (Digenea: Opecoelidae) in dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Teleostei: Serranidae) from southeastern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Roumbedakis ◽  
NC. Marchiori ◽  
P. Garcia ◽  
J Pereira Junior ◽  
LAS. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Diagnostic Character ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
New Host ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Dusky Grouper ◽  
São Paulo State

Helicometrina nimia (Opecoelidae) is a digenean with wide distribution. Fish families most commonly used as hosts for H. nimia are Serranidae, Pomodasydae, Scorpaenidae and Clinidae. In the present study, a new host and a new host locality are presented for the species. A description of the studied specimens, besides comments concerning its taxonomic status and biometrically compared tables of H. nimia reports are given. The taxonomic status of members of Helicometrina has been questionable. The greatest controversy for the genus seems to be related to the validity of diagnostic features, especially in regard to the number of testes. In the present study, all studied specimens presented a permanent and steady number of testes (n=9) and therefore its use as a diagnostic character is supported by the present authors. Epinephelus marginatus is considered a new host for Helicometrina nimia, and São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil, a new locality for the species.

scholarly journals Attraction to conspecifcs in Rhinella icterica and R. ornata tadpoles (Anura: Bufonidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Polettini Neto ◽  
Jaime Bertoluci
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Innate Behavior

Abstract: Tadpoles are able to perceive and discriminate signals from environment and they may use this ability in behaviors and ecological processes. Recognition mechanisms may be involved in schooling by means of attraction among individuals, characterizing a social process. By means of laboratory experiments the present study investigated the presence or absence of attraction to conspecifics in tadpoles of Rhinella icterica and R. ornata, two sympatric species from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. We collected eggs of these two species in the field and reared them in laboratory according to two different methods (isolated or in groups of siblings). Tadpoles were submitted to experiments of choice between conspecifics, heterospecifics, and an empty compartment. Rhinella icterica tadpoles preferred to associate with conspecifics rather than R. ornata tadpoles, and we verified this is an innate behavior. Rhinella ornata tadpoles failed to discriminate between conspecifics and R. icterica tadpoles. When submitted to choice between a group of tadpoles of the other species and an empty compartment, R. icterica tadpoles presented random distribution, while R. ornata tadpoles preferred to associate with heterospecifics. Our results indicate R. icterica tadpoles have preference to associate with conspecifics, while R. ornata tadpoles may school indiscriminately. This study contributes for a better understanding of larval anuran social behavior.

Habitat preferences and behaviour of newly settled Jasus edwardsii (Palinuridae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii ◽  
Laboratory Tank ◽  
Settlement Behaviour

Any attempt to enhance production of rock lobsters by increasing survival at and soon after settlement, or by catching pueruli for on-growing or out-planting, requires knowledge of settlement behaviour and the habitat of settlers and young juveniles. I investigated biotic and physical factors important in habitat use by recently settled Jasus edwardsii in laboratory tank experiments. Both pueruli and first-instar juveniles sought shelter over and above conspecifics or any of the other marine life tested. They preferred conditioned refuges over those unconditioned, horizontal apertures over upward-facing vertical ones, and rough surfaces over smooth. Although some structurally complex seaweed and bryozoan species seemingly provide suitable refuge, they were less often used by the young lobsters than were hard-walled shelters. These results are generally consistent with the few field observations available and the results of experiments with collectors. Both pueruli and first-instar juveniles are capable of almost completely burying themselves in sand, but they are intolerant of deep silt. Any structures deployed to catch pueruli or to increase survival of recently settled J. edwardsii should ideally provide wellconditioned, firm but rough-walled, horizontal holes or crevices. The availability of such situations in nature may strongly influence lobster survival and abundance, and hence productivity.

Helminth parasites of two sympatric lizards, Enyalius iheringii and E. perditus (Leiosauridae), from an Atlantic Rainforest area of southeastern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Vrcibradic ◽  
Luciano Anjos ◽  
Joaquim Vicente ◽  
Charles Bursey
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

AbstractWe present data on helminths harboured by two sympatric species of Enyalius Wagler, 1830 (E. iheringiii Boulenger, 1885 and E. perditus Jackson, 1978) from the Atlantic Rainforest of the Ilha de São Sebastião, in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Six helminth species were found in the hosts: five nematodes (Cosmocerca sp., Oswaldocruzia burseyi Durette-Desset, Anjos et Vrcibradic, 2006, Oswaldocruzia fredi Durette-Desset, Anjos et Vrcibradic, 2006, Rhabdias sp., and Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923), and one acanthocephalan (Acanthocephalus sp.). Overall helminth prevalences were relatively high for both species [6/6 (100%) for E. iheringii and 9/14 (64%) for E. perditus]. The helminth assemblages from both host species were depauperate and dominated by generalist helminths with direct life-cycles.

Modeling cetacean habitat use in an urban coastal area in southeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
L Lodi ◽  
R Tardin ◽  
G Maricato
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Few Data

Most studies of cetacean habitat use do not consider the influence of anthropogenic activities. We investigated the influence of environmental and anthropogenic variables on habitat use by humpback Megaptera novaeangliae and Bryde’s whales Balaenoptera brydei off the coast of the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. Although there are 2 marine protected areas (MPAs) in this area, few data are available on cetacean habitat use or on the overlap of different cetacean species within these MPAs. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the MPAs and propose a buffer zone to better protect the biodiversity of the study area. We conducted systematic surveys and developed spatial eigenvector generalized linear models to characterize habitat use by the species in the study area. Habitat use by humpback whales was influenced only by depth, whereas for Bryde’s whales there was the additional influence of anthropogenic variables. For Bryde’s whales, which use the area for feeding, sea surface temperature and the distance to anchorages had a major influence on habitat use. We also showed that neither of the MPAs in the study area adequately protects the hotspots of either whale species. Most of the humpback whale grid cells with high sighting predictions were located within 2 km of the MPAs, while areas of high sighting prediction of Bryde’s whales were located up to 5 km from the MPAs, closer to beaches. Our findings provide important insights for the delimitation of protected areas and zoning of the MPAs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dog population in an urban area of Southeastern Brazil

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cáris M. Nunes ◽  
Dejanira de A. Martines ◽  
Stélios Fikaris ◽  
Luzia H. Queiróz
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Rabies Vaccination ◽  
Size And Structure

Planning control programs, for diseases such as rabies requires information on the size and structure of the dog and cat population. In order to evaluate the dog population of the urban area of Araçatuba city, S. Paulo State, Brazil, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire to interview members of households. Eighty-eight districts were visited (37,778 houses) and the interview was possible at 77.93% of these. Human population size evaluated was 113,157 inhabitants. Houses that owned animals represented 55.2%, 26,926 of the animals concerned were dogs and 5,755 were cats. Of the dogs, 56.64% were 1-4 year olds and males represented 56.2% of the total population. Dog: person ratio was estimated at 2.8 dogs to every 10 persons, almost 3 times the ratio hitherto estimated and used in the planning of rabies vaccination campaigns.

RELATIONS OF MOTOR ABILITY OF BALANCE AND SUCCESS OF PERFORMANCE OF GYMNASTICS ELEMENTS ON THE FLOOR EXERCISE

sportlogia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Saša Jovanović ◽  
◽  
Snežana Bijelić ◽  
Adriana Ljubojević ◽  
Dalibor Fulurija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
The Other ◽  
Motor Ability ◽  
Training Methodology ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between motor ability for balance and the performance of selected gymnastic elements on the floor in students aged 7-8 years, to provide an overview of the current motor status of the respondents at this age, and to develop suggestions for possible changes in the curriculum at this age, and to develop suggestions for supplementing training methodology. Training of selected gymnastics elements was conducted on a sample of 42 subjects who had no previous experience in performing gymnastics elements during regular physical education classes, and the predictor variable was tested using four tests assessing motor balance ability. The tests assessing motor balance ability showed a statistically significant predictive value for the performance of all three gymnastics exercises. It is noticeable that the value of the prediction model increased the more complex an item was derived, indicating the complexity of the motor balance space and the high and stable level of the same in the subjects at the time of testing. Regarding the tests used, it can be noted that the test FLAM was significantly involved in the prediction of performance success in all three gymnastic elements, while the other two tests showed their predictive value in the execution of the hand stand. On the other hand, the study shows that the gymnastic elements used should be used in physical education classes to contribute to the promotion and development of all motor skills of students and as part of the preparation for the execution of more complex elements on the floor and apparatus in higher grades.

scholarly journals The complex vocalization of Scinax cardosoi (Anura: Hylidae), with comments on advertisement calls in the S. ruber Clade

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ribeiro de Carvalho ◽  
Lucas Borges Martins ◽  
Ariovaldo Antonio Giaretta
Keyword(s):  
Original Description ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Call Duration ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Lower Amplitude

The complex vocalization of Scinax cardosoi (Anura: Hylidae), with comments on advertisement calls in the S. ruber Clade. The complex vocalization of Scinax cardosoi from a population of Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil is described and compared with available acoustic data for the other species of the S. ruber Clade. Three distinct types of high-pitched, pulsed calls were identified, and are referred to as “short,” “long,” and “trilled” calls. Short calls (16–66 ms) resemble squeaks, and consist of a pulsed signal (8–28 pulses/call) with regular amplitude modulations throughout their duration; the amplitude peak occurs at about the midpoint of the call duration. Long calls (268–518 ms) resemble giggles, and have lower amplitude than short calls; typically, they consist of pulsed note series (1–6 notes/call). Trilled calls resemble insect chirps and have the lowest amplitude of the three call types; they consist of long (1.1–3.0 s) pulsed note series (9–25 notes/call). Acoustic data are taxonomically informative in the Scinax ruber Clade and provide phenotypic characters diagnosing S. cardosoi in addition to those features proposed in its original description. The vocalization repertoire of S. cardosoi resembles the complex vocal repertoires (i.e., multiple call types emitted in variable combinations) of members of the S. catharinae Clade more than some species of the S. ruber Clade, which tend to have simpler call structures (i.e., a single type of multipulsed note).

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