scholarly journals Redescription of Panaqolus purusiensis(LaMonte, 1935) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with identification key to the species of the genus

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Andreas Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Color Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
New Material ◽  
Distinct Color ◽  
Dark Body

Despite Panaqolus purusiensis being described nearly 80 years ago, very little is known about it. The taxon was described based on a single specimen. Researching collection catalogues has revealed two more specimens that were caught together along with the holotype but had subsequently been deposited in different museums. Recent collections, including one from the type locality, have made more specimens available. Examination of this new material reveals that this species has three distinct color patterns that are size dependent. Specimens with standard length (SL) less than 30 mm show a coloration common among various species of Panaqolus consisting of regular bands on the body, fins and head. Specimens from 30-90 mm SL have a specific color pattern with thinner bands and those larger than 90 mm SL have a uniformly dark body with only the fins continuing to show bands. The most similar species are P. changae, P. gnomus, P. maccus, and P. nocturnus.The first three can easily be distinguished by their coloration and by body proportions. Specimens of P. nocturnusof more than 90 mm SL however are nearly indistinguishable from P. purusiensisof the same size, making identification difficult.

Intrapopulational variation in color pattern of Trichomycterus davisi (Haseman, 1911) (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) corroborated by morphometrics and molecular analysis

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4290 (3) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAUL HENRIQUE CARDOSO NASCIMENTO ◽  
WILSON FRANTINE-SILVA ◽  
LENICE SOUZA-SHIBATTA ◽  
SILVIA HELENA SOFIA ◽  
JULIANO FERRER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ontogenetic Variation ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Intrapopulational Variation ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Distance

Color patterns of the body are commonly used to distinguish and identify species of Trichomycterus. Therefore, variation in color pattern in a population can cause doubt concerning species identification. With the purpose to test the hypothesis of high variation in color pattern of Trichomycterus davisi (Haseman, 1911), 118 specimens were collected in a stream of a private Ecological Park in southern Brazil, of which 88 were used in the morphological analysis and 30 for DNA barcoding analysis. Three phenotypic classes were determined analyzing the distribution, size and shape of dark brown spots and blotches. The results of morphometric analysis indicate a tendency of association of those pigmentation patterns with the standard length, evidencing ontogenetic variation of color pattern in the species. The results of K2P intraspecific genetic distance (<0.72%), haplotypes network and Bayesian phylogenetic tree corroborate the existence of only one species with a high variable color pattern. 

A revision of Callulops doriae (Anura: Microhylidae), with descriptions of four new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4612 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
FRED KRAUS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Unique Color ◽  
New Material ◽  
Pattern Information

I investigate the taxonomy of frogs currently assigned to the single species Callulops doriae, which is unique in the genus for its warty, dark-spotted dorsum and large yellow or orange blotches in the groin and on the hidden surfaces of the thighs. I show that many species are currently encompassed under this single name, I remove Manthophryne neuhaussi from synonymy, and I describe four new species, three of which have long been in museum collections, and one of which is newly collected by me. Each of these new species is most readily distinguished by their unique color patterns, but additional morphological features―primarily morphometric―also serve to distinguish among them. Despite this partition of C. doriae, additional museum specimens cannot be assigned to any of the species treated here and certainly represent unrecognized species. But the poor states of preservation of some of these and the absence of color-pattern information in life preclude describing them until new material of each is available. Three of the six species treated herein, which occur in the southern portion of the Papuan Peninsula, were previously included in a molecular phylogeny, and inferred dates of divergence for them accord well with the geological dynamism of this region created by opening of the Woodlark Rift. In two cases, pairs of species are reported in general sympatry, and elevational data suggest that these species are likely to segregate elevationally where their ranges approach each other. At least four of the species treated herein are known to produce viscous glandular secretions that presumably deter predators, and I describe the defensive display of one of these, which I presume is aposematic. 

Regional Color Patterns in the Parasitic Hymenoptera

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 132-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. M. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Color Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Small Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
White Spots ◽  
The World ◽  
Warm Climates

Parasitic Hymenoptera in all parts of the world exhibit many striking color patterns. These patterns are differentiated into groups according to the locality, size and habits of the insect.The really small species, i.e. those under 4 mm. long, can hardly be said to have a color pattern at all, and have virtually no regional differentiation anywhere except for a general prevalence of darker coloration in cool climates and paler in warm climates. In tropical regions many of the smaller Hymenoptera are confined to the shady interior of forests. These species often exhibit a disruptive pattern consisting of white spots at the tip of the antennae and the tip of the hind legs or ovipositor. These white spots show strikingly against a dark forest background and serve to draw attention away from the body of the insect itself. Such disruptive patterns are seldom found in temperate fhest species of the smallest sizes but are common in large sized forest-dwelling ichneumonids in all parts of the world.

Using Historical Biogeography Models to Study Color Pattern Evolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M Eliason ◽  
Michael J Andersen ◽  
Shannon J Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Color Pattern ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Historical Biogeography ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plumage Color ◽  
Structural Colors ◽  
Color Evolution ◽  
Complex Phenotypes ◽  
Distinct Color ◽  
Parasite Evolution

Abstract Color is among the most striking features of organisms, varying not only in spectral properties like hue and brightness, but also in where and how it is produced on the body. Different combinations of colors on a bird’s body are important in both environmental and social contexts. Previous comparative studies have treated plumage patches individually or derived plumage complexity scores from color measurements across a bird’s body. However, these approaches do not consider the multivariate nature of plumages (allowing for plumage to evolve as a whole) or account for interpatch distances. Here, we leverage a rich toolkit used in historical biogeography to assess color pattern evolution in a cosmopolitan radiation of birds, kingfishers (Aves: Alcedinidae). We demonstrate the utility of this approach and test hypotheses about the tempo and mode of color evolution in kingfishers. Our results highlight the importance of considering interpatch distances in understanding macroevolutionary trends in color diversity and demonstrate how historical biogeography models are a useful way to model plumage color pattern evolution. Furthermore, they show that distinct color mechanisms (pigments or structural colors) spread across the body in different ways and at different rates. Specifically, net rates are higher for structural colors than pigment-based colors. Together, our study suggests a role for both development and selection in driving extraordinary color pattern diversity in kingfishers. We anticipate this approach will be useful for modeling other complex phenotypes besides color, such as parasite evolution across the body.

scholarly journals Two new species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae) from Serra do Cachimbo, Pará, Northern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro M Sousa ◽  
André L. Netto-Ferreira ◽  
José L. O Birindelli
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Longitudinal Stripe ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Distinct Color ◽  
Adipose Fin ◽  
Black Area ◽  
Pelvic Fin

Two new species of Moenkhausia, one from the rio Tapajós and the other from the rio Xingu basins are described as apparently endemics of the Serra do Cachimbo. Both species, along with M. petymbuaba, share a distinct color pattern composed of large conspicuous dark blotches on the base of the body scales. Moenkhausia chlorophthalma, from rio Treze de Maio, a tributary to rio Curuá (rio Xingu basin), is distinguished by the presence of a proximal well delimited black area on the adipose fin and a green eye in life. Moenkhausia plumbea of the headwaters of tributaries of the rio Braço Norte, rio Tapajós basin is diagnosed by the presence of a dark longitudinal stripe across the eye and six branched pelvic-fin rays (vs. seven). Relationships of the new species with other Moenkhausia are discussed.

scholarly journals Capturing and analyzing pattern diversity: an example using the melanistic spotted patterns of leopard geckos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilmann Glimm ◽  
Maria Kiskowski ◽  
Nickolas Moreno ◽  
Ylenia Chiari
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Pattern Diversity ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Body Patterns

AbstractAnimal color patterns are widely studied in ecology, evolution, and through mathematical modeling. Patterns may vary among distinct body parts such as the head, trunk or tail. As large amounts of photographic data is becoming more easily available, there is a growing need for general quantitative methods for capturing and analyzing the full complexity and details of pattern variation. Detailed information on variation in color pattern elements is necessary to understand how patterns are produced and established during development, and which evolutionary forces may constrain such a variation. Here, we develop an approach to capture and analyze variation in melanistic color pattern elements in leopard geckos. We use this data to study the variation among different body parts of leopard geckos and to draw inferences about their development. We compare patterns using 14 different indices such as the ratio of melanistic versus total area, the ellipticity of spots, and the size of spots and use these to define a composite distance between two patterns. Pattern presence/absence among the different body parts indicates a clear pathway of pattern establishment from the head to the back legs. Together with weak within-individual correlation between leg patterns and main body patterns, this suggests that pattern establishment in the head and tail may be independent from the rest of the body. We found that patterns vary greatest in size and density of the spots among body parts and individuals, but little in their average shapes. We also found a correlation between the melanistic patterns of the two front legs, as well as the two back legs, and also between the head, tail and trunk, especially for the density and size of the spots, but not their shape or inter-spot distance. Our data collection and analysis approach can be applied to other organisms to study variation in color patterns between body parts and to address questions on pattern formation and establishment in animals.

On the morphology and distribution of Dipolydora giardi  and status of D. trilobata (Annelida: Spionidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1086 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
VASILY I. RADASHEVSKY ◽  
MARY E. PETERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Northern France ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Material ◽  
Soft Bottoms

The spionid polychaete Dipolydora giardi (Mesnil, 1896), originally described as a borer in coralline algae from northern France, was later reported world-wide boring into various shells, sponges and also inhabiting mud tubes on soft bottoms. The reported morphological variability and wide range of habitats suggested that more than one species might be involved. In the present study, D. giardi is redescribed based on some material from northern France sent by F. Mesnil in 1896 to the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, and on new material collected in Italy. The species is characterized by its incised prostomium, caruncle to the end of chaetiger 3, branchiae on the anterior half of the body (usually beginning on chaetiger 10), pygidium with one ventral lobe and two smaller dorsal lobes, and heavy falcate spines of chaetiger 5 with a large lateral tooth on one side and a smaller accessory spur on the other side. Dipolydora trilobata (Radashevsky, 1993) is a closely similar species, but is maintained as distinct. Dipolydora anoculata (Moore, 1907) is probably a valid species and should be removed from the synonymy of D. giardi.

scholarly journals Capturing and analyzing pattern diversity: an example using the melanistic spotted patterns of leopard geckos

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11829
Author(s):  
Tilmann Glimm ◽  
Maria Kiskowski ◽  
Nickolas Moreno ◽  
Ylenia Chiari
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Pattern Diversity ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Body Patterns

Animal color patterns are widely studied in ecology, evolution, and through mathematical modeling. Patterns may vary among distinct body parts such as the head, trunk or tail. As large amounts of photographic data is becoming more easily available, there is a growing need for general quantitative methods for capturing and analyzing the full complexity and details of pattern variation. Detailed information on variation in color pattern elements is necessary to understand how patterns are produced and established during development, and which evolutionary forces may constrain such a variation. Here, we develop an approach to capture and analyze variation in melanistic color pattern elements in leopard geckos. We use this data to study the variation among different body parts of leopard geckos and to draw inferences about their development. We compare patterns using 14 different indices such as the ratio of melanistic versus total area, the ellipticity of spots, and the size of spots and use these to define a composite distance between two patterns. Pattern presence/absence among the different body parts indicates a clear pathway of pattern establishment from the head to the back legs. Together with weak within-individual correlation between leg patterns and main body patterns, this suggests that pattern establishment in the head and tail may be independent from the rest of the body. We found that patterns vary greatest in size and density of the spots among body parts and individuals, but little in their average shapes. We also found a correlation between the melanistic patterns of the two front legs, as well as the two back legs, and also between the head, tail and trunk, especially for the density and size of the spots, but not their shape or inter-spot distance. Our data collection and analysis approach can be applied to other organisms to study variation in color patterns between body parts and to address questions on pattern formation and establishment in animals.

Functional significance of preserved color patterns of mollusks from the Gosport Sand (Eocene) of Alabama

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia H. Kelley ◽  
Charles T. Swann
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Life Mode ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
Excellent Preservation ◽  
Architectural Constraints

The excellent preservation of the molluscan fauna from the Gosport Sand (Eocene) at Little Stave Creek, Alabama, has made it possible to describe the preserved color patterns of 15 species. In this study the functional significance of these color patterns is tested in the context of the current adaptationist controversy. The pigment of the color pattern is thought to be a result of metabolic waste disposal. Therefore, the presence of the pigment is functional, although the patterns formed by the pigment may or may not have been adaptive. In this investigation the criteria proposed by Seilacher (1972) for testing the functionality of color patterns were applied to the Gosport fauna and the results compared with life mode as interpreted from knowledge of extant relatives and functional morphology. Using Seilacher's criteria of little ontogenetic and intraspecific variability, the color patterns appear to have been functional. However, the functional morphology studies indicate an infaunal life mode which would preclude functional color patterns. Particular color patterns are instead interpreted to be the result of historical factors, such as multiple adaptive peaks or random fixation of alleles, or of architectural constraints including possibly pleiotropy or allometry. The low variability of color patterns, which was noted within species and genera, suggests that color patterns may also serve a useful taxonomic purpose.

A revision of Xinjiangchelys oshanensis (Ye, 1973), and new material from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng, Yunnan Province, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Tong ◽  
Zhiming Dong ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
New Material

Abstract Xinjiangchelys oshanensis (Ye, 1973) was originally described as Plesiochelys oshanensisYe, 1973 from the Jurassic Upper Lufeng series of Eshan, Yunnan Province, China. The species was based on a single specimen (IVPP V4444), a damaged shell with articulated carapace and plastron. This species was later referred to as Xinjiangchelys? oshanensis and X. oshanensis respectively, but has never been revised and often overlooked in the studies of Asian Mesozoic turtles. In this paper, we provide the systematic revision of X. oshanensis (Ye, 1973) after new restoration of the specimen. Five additional shells from the Middle Jurassic Chuanjie Formation of Lufeng, Yunnan Province, China are referred to this species. Our study confirms the validity of the species and its assignment to the genus Xinjiangchelys. The study of the new material completes the shell morphology of X. oshanensis and provides additional information about its age.

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