Comparative therapeutic use of Risedronate and Calcarea phosphorica - allopathy versus homeopathy - in bone repair in castrated rats

Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by progressive bone loss, has been the target of several studies in the past few years. It results in a much higher risk for fractures and might cause slower bone lesion healing. The aim of this work was to study the effects of Risedronate (allopathic medicine) and Calcarea phosphorica 6CH (homeopathic medicine) on the repair of bone lesions in male rats with osteoporosis induced by castration. Eighty-four three-month-old rats were used divided into four groups of twenty-one animals each. Three groups where castrated and one group was submitted to Sham surgery. One month later, cortical lesions were made in all animals' tibiae and, after one day, the different experimental treatments began according to the following groups: CR - castrated/Risedronate (1 mg/kg/day); CCp - castrated/Calcarea phosphorica 6CH (3 drops/day); CP - castrated/placebo and SP - Sham/placebo. The animals were sacrificed at seven, fourteen and twenty-eight days after the beginning of the treatments and had their tibiae removed. Digital radiographs of the tibiae were taken and analyzed in order to evaluate the optical density of the defect area. Then, they were decalcified and processed for histological and histomorphometrical analysis. The data were submitted to ANOVA, and to the Tukey and Dunnett tests (5%). The allopathic and homeopathic treatments led to different bone formation as regards remodeling and maturation aspects. Further research is necessary to access the resistance and quality of the newly formed bone.

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Plant Extracts in the Bone Repair Process: A Systematic Review

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2019/1296153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lyvia Lopes Miranda ◽

Vanessa de Paula Guimarães-Lopes ◽

Luciana Schulthais Altoé ◽

Mariáurea Matias Sarandy ◽

Fabiana Cristina Silveira Alves Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Animal Models ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Lesion ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Fracture Repair ◽

Bone Lesions ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Bone lesions are an important public health problem, with high socioeconomic costs. Bone tissue repair is coordinated by an inflammatory dynamic process mediated by osteoprogenitor cells of the periosteum and endosteum, responsible for the formation of a new bone matrix. Studies using antioxidant products from plants for bone lesion treatment have been growing worldwide. We developed a systematic review to compile the results of works with animal models investigating the anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts in the treatment of bone lesions and analyze the methodological quality of the studies on this subject. Studies were selected in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases according to the PRISMA statement. The research filters were constructed using three parameters: animal model, bone repair, and plant extracts. 31 full-text articles were recovered from 10 countries. Phytochemical prospecting was reported in 15 studies (48.39%). The most common secondary metabolites were flavonoids, cited in 32.26% studies (n=10). Essential criteria to in vivo animal studies were frequently underreported, suggesting publication bias. The animals treated with plant extracts presented positive results in the osteoblastic proliferation, and consequently, this treatment accelerated osteogenic differentiation and bone callus formation, as well as bone fracture repair. Possibly, these results are associated with antioxidant, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory power of the extracts. The absence or incomplete characterization of the animal models, treatment protocols, and phytochemical and toxicity analyses impairs the internal validity of the evidence, making it difficult to determine the effectiveness and safety of plant-derived products in bone repair.

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Quality of bone repair in ovariectomized rats with bone lesions treated with phytotherapic and homeopathic Arnica montana

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2017.v20i1.1332 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edmundo Silva ◽

Vanessa Fernandes Pereira ◽

Luana Marotta Reis Vasconcellos ◽

Felipe Eduardo Oliveira ◽

Adriana Aigotti Haberbeck Brandão

Keyword(s):

Bone Repair ◽

Bone Structure ◽

The Elderly ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Bone Lesions ◽

Arnica Montana ◽

Sham Surgery ◽

International Data

Objective: National and international data show that in the next years the elder population tends to have an exponential increase becoming to be significantly higher than other ages. Among the frequent diseases in the elderly, osteoporosis is a disease that decreases bone mass and deteriorates bone structure causing fragility and a high risk of fracture. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of phytotherapic and homeopathic Arnica montana on bone repair quality and its possible use in the treatment of bone fracture in patients with osteoporosis. Material and Methods: This experimental study was performed in Wistar adult female rats divided in 4 groups according to the following treatments: ovariectomized treated with homeopathic A. montana 6CH (OVZ 6CH); ovariectomized treated with phytotherapic A. montana (OVZ TM); ovariectomized with placebo (OVZ PL) and rats with sham surgery and placebo (Sham PL). In a period of 45 days after ovariectomy or sham surgery, all animals got a monocortical lesion. They were euthanized after 6, 12, 18 and 28 days and had the tibiae removed to evaluate dimensions and bone repair by radiographic density, biomechanical test and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and TUKEY tests (p < 0.05). Results: Results showed that treatment with Arnica 6CH was better than Arnica TM considering bone resistance and bone repair quality. Conclusion: This study concluded that treatment with homeopathic A. montana was more efficient than with phytotherapic Arnica in bone regeneration in rats with osteoporosis.KeywordsArnica montana; Homeopathy; Osteoporosis; Phytotherapy; Radiographic bone density.

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Periapical Repair Following Endodontic Surgery: Two- and Three-Dimensional Imaging Evaluation Methods

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300252 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 69-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Érica Gouveia Jorge ◽

Mario Tanomaru-Filho ◽

Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru ◽

José Maurício dos Santos Nunes Reis ◽

Rubens Spin-Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Bone Lesion ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Bone Lesions ◽

Lesion Area ◽

Imaging Evaluation ◽

Endodontic Surgery ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference

This study quantitatively assessed the periapical bone repair following endodontic surgery, using planimetric evaluation based on two- (conventional and digital intraoral radiographic images - IRs) and three-dimensional (cone beam computed tomography - CBCT) evaluation. Eleven maxillary anterior teeth (of 11 patients) with periapical bone lesions and indication for surgical endodontic treatment were selected. IRs and CBCT images were acquired before the endodontic surgery, and 48 h, 4, and 8-months after the surgery. In each period of evaluation, the area (mm2) of the bone lesion was measured in the images, and the values for the three methods were compared. The area in the CBCT images was measured in the mesio-distal sections comprising the largest diameter of the lesion. Data were submitted to repeated measures 2-way ANOVA and t-tests with Bonferroni correction. There was significant difference between the periods of evaluation (p=0.002) regarding the assessed periapical bone lesion area. There was no statistically significant difference between the methods of evaluation (p=0.023). In the CBCT images the lesion areas were 10% larger than those observed in the conventional IRs (22.84 mm2) and 15% larger than those observed in the digital IRs (21.48 mm2). From the baseline (40.12 mm2) to 4 (20.06 mm2) and 8-months (9.40 mm2), reductions of 50 and 77% in the lesion area, respectively, were observed (p<0.0001). From 4 to 8-months, this value was 53%. Progressive bone repair could be seen from 48h to 8-months following endodontic surgery based on two- (conventional and digital IRs) and three-dimensional (CBCT) evaluation. CBCT images provided results similar to those assessed by means of IRs.

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The Epidemiology of Benign Proliferative Processes of the Skeletal System in Children

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18179338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (17) ◽

pp. 9338

Author(s):

Michal Rutkowski ◽

Kinga Niewinska

Keyword(s):

Fibrous Dysplasia ◽

Bone Lesion ◽

Bone Tumour ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Bone Diseases ◽

Initial Diagnosis ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Bone Lesions ◽

Paediatric Orthopaedic

A suspicion of a proliferative bone lesion in a child seems to be a major diagnostic problem for clinicians. There are no diagnostic and treatment algorithms described in the literature and no reliable cohort epidemiological data. Our study was conducted among 289 paediatric patients (0–18 years old) with an initial diagnosis of a bone tumour or tumour-like lesion. The study comprised a retrospective epidemiological analysis, an assessment of the concordance of the initial diagnoses with the histopathological diagnoses and an analysis of the specific locations of the various bone lesions. The results obtained have made it possible to formulate the following conclusions. (1) The most common proliferative bone lesion in children is osteochondroma; also common are fibrous dysplasia, non-ossifying fibromas and bone cysts. (2) Verifying the initial diagnosis by means of biopsy is essential. (3) Osteochondromas are typically located in the metaphyses of long bones, fibrous dysplasia in the femur and skull, cyst-like lesions in the proximal humerus and non-osteochondral fibromas exclusively in the lower limbs. What could improve the quality of treatment for children with primary proliferative bone diseases is the establishment of centres of paediatric orthopaedic oncology skilled in early diagnosis and prompt management.

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Reuse of Sludge from Pulp and Paper Industry Pilot and Full Scale Applications

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0069 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 17-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

V. Eroǧlu ◽

A. M. Saatçi

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Full Scale ◽

Primary Sludge ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Made In

Recent advances made in the reuse of pulp and paper industry sludges in hardboard production are explained. Data obtained from pilot and full-scale plants using primary sludge of a pulp and paper industry as an additive in the production of hardboard is presented. An economic analysis of the reuse of pulp and paper primary sludge in hardboard manufacturing is given. The quality of the hardboard produced is tested and compared with the qualities of the hardboard produced by the same plant before the addition of primary sludge. The hardboard with primary sludge additive has been used in Turkey for about a year in the manufacturing of office and home furniture. The results are very satisfactory when the primary sludge is used at 1/4 ratio.

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Determination of Environmental Factors for the Implementation of the Exploitability Index in Industrial Aggregate Mining Using Multi-Criteria Analysis

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10040196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

Julio Manuel de Luis-Ruiz ◽

Benito Ramiro Salas-Menocal ◽

Gema Fernández-Maroto ◽

Rubén Pérez-Álvarez ◽

Raúl Pereda-García

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Environmental Factor ◽

Human Life ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

Main Components ◽

Hierarchy Process ◽

Made In

The quality of human life is linked to the exploitation of mining resources. The Exploitability Index (EI) assesses the actual possibilities to enable a mine according to several factors. The environment is one of the most constraining ones, but its analysis is made in a shallow way. This research is focused on its determination, according to a new preliminary methodology that sets the main components of the environmental impact related to the development of an exploitation of industrial minerals and its weighting according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is applied to the case of the ophitic outcrops in Cantabria (Spain). Twelve components are proposed and weighted with the AHP and an algorithm that allows for assigning a normalized value for the environmental factor to each deposit. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are applied, allowing us to map a large number of components of the environmental factors. This provides a much more accurate estimation of the environmental factor, with respect to reality, and improves the traditional methodology in a substantial way. It can be established as a methodology for mining spaces planning, but it is suitable for other contexts, and it raises developing the environmental analysis before selecting the outcrop to be exploited.

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Diagnostic Value of Whole-Body MRI Short Protocols in Bone Lesion Detection in Multiple Myeloma Patients

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11061053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1053

Author(s):

Davide Ippolito ◽

Teresa Giandola ◽

Cesare Maino ◽

Davide Gandola ◽

Maria Ragusi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Bone Marrow Involvement ◽

Bone Lesion ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Lesion Detection ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Whole Body ◽

Bone Lesions ◽

Whole Body Mri ◽

Mri Protocol

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of short whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) protocols for the overall assessment of bone marrow involvement in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), in comparison with standard whole-body MRI protocol. Patients with biopsy-proven MM, who underwent a WBMRI with full-body coverage (from vertex to feet) were retrospectively enrolled. WBMRI images were independently evaluated by two expert radiologists, in terms of infiltration patterns (normal, focal, diffuse, and combined), according to location (the whole skeleton was divided into six anatomic districts: skull, spine, sternum and ribs, upper limbs, pelvis and proximal two-thirds of the femur, remaining parts of lower limbs) and lytic lesions number (<5, 5–20, and >20). The majority of patients showed focal and combined infiltration patterns with bone lesions predominantly distributed in the spine and pelvis. As skull and lower limbs are less frequently involved by focal bone lesions, excluding them from the standard MRI protocol allows to obtain a shorter protocol, maintaining a good diagnostic value.

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Downregulation of exosomal let-7d and miR-16 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

BMC Pulmonary Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12890-021-01550-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Donato Lacedonia ◽

Giulia Scioscia ◽

Piera Soccio ◽

Massimo Conese ◽

Lucia Catucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Therapy Response ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exosomal Mirnas ◽

Different Types ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Made In

Abstract Background Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a degenerative interstitial lung disease with both a poor prognosis and quality of life once the diagnosis is made. In the last decade many features of the disease have been investigated to better understand the pathological steps that lead to the onset of the disease and, moreover, different types of biomarkers have been tested to find valid diagnostic, prognostic and therapy response predictive ones. In the complexity of IPF, microRNA (miRNAs) biomarker investigation seems to be promising. Methods We analysed the expression of five exosomal miRNAs supposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease from serum of a group of IPF patients (n = 61) and we compared it with the expression of the same miRNAs in a group of healthy controls (n = 15). Results In the current study what emerged is let-7d down-regulation and, unexpectedly, miR-16 significant down-regulation. Moreover, through a cross-sectional analysis, a clustering of the expression of miR-16, miR-21 and miR-26a was found. Conclusions These findings could help the individuation of previously unknown key players in the pathophysiology of IPF and, most interestingly, more specific targets for the development of effective medications.

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Influence of dosimetry method on bone lesion absorbed dose estimates in PSMA therapy: application to mCRPC patients receiving Lu-177-PSMA-I&T

EJNMMI Physics ◽

10.1186/s40658-021-00369-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Julia Brosch-Lenz ◽

Carlos Uribe ◽

Astrid Gosewisch ◽

Lena Kaiser ◽

Andrei Todica ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organs At Risk ◽

Bone Lesion ◽

Absorbed Dose ◽

Hounsfield Unit ◽

Outcome Data ◽

Computational Effort ◽

Bone Lesions ◽

Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽

Percentage Difference ◽

Density Weighting

Abstract Background Patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) present with an increased tumor burden in the skeleton. For these patients, Lutetium-177 (Lu-177) radioligand therapy targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has gained increasing interest with promising outcome data. Patient-individualized dosimetry enables improvement of therapy success with the aim of minimizing absorbed dose to organs at risk while maximizing absorbed dose to tumors. Different dosimetric approaches with varying complexity and accuracy exist for this purpose. The Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) formalism applied to tumors assumes a homogeneous activity distribution in a sphere with unit density for derivation of tumor S values (TSV). Voxel S value (VSV) approaches can account for heterogeneous activities but are simulated for a specific tissue. Full patient-individual Monte Carlo (MC) absorbed dose simulation addresses both, heterogeneous activity and density distributions. Subsequent CT-based density weighting has the potential to overcome the assumption of homogeneous density in the MIRD formalism with TSV and VSV methods, which could be a major limitation for the application in bone metastases with heterogeneous density. The aim of this investigation is a comparison of these methods for bone lesion dosimetry in mCRPC patients receiving Lu-177-PSMA therapy. Results In total, 289 bone lesions in 15 mCRPC patients were analyzed. Percentage difference (PD) of average absorbed dose per lesion compared to MC, averaged over all lesions, was + 14 ± 10% (min: − 21%; max: + 56%) for TSVs. With lesion-individual density weighting using Hounsfield Unit (HU)-to-density conversion on the patient’s CT image, PD was reduced to − 8 ± 1% (min: − 10%; max: − 3%). PD on a voxel level for three-dimensional (3D) voxel-wise dosimetry methods, averaged per lesion, revealed large PDs of + 18 ± 11% (min: − 27%; max: + 58%) for a soft tissue VSV approach compared to MC; after voxel-wise density correction, this was reduced to − 5 ± 1% (min: − 12%; max: − 2%). Conclusion Patient-individual MC absorbed dose simulation is capable to account for heterogeneous densities in bone lesions. Since the computational effort prevents its routine clinical application, TSV or VSV dosimetry approaches are used. This study showed the necessity of lesion-individual density weighting for TSV or VSV in Lu-177-PSMA therapy bone lesion dosimetry.

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Arthroscopic International Cartilage Repair Society Classification System Has Only Moderate Reliability in a Porcine Cartilage Repair Model

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546521998006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036354652199800

Author(s):

Jani Puhakka ◽

Teemu Paatela ◽

Eve Salonius ◽

Virpi Muhonen ◽

Anna Meller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cartilage Repair ◽

Scoring System ◽

Femoral Condyle ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Type Iii Collagen ◽

Intrarater Reliability ◽

Scoring Method ◽

International Cartilage Repair Society ◽

Made In

Background: The International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) score was designed for arthroscopic use to evaluate the quality of cartilage repair. Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of the ICRS scoring system using an animal cartilage repair model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A chondral defect with an area of 1.5 cm2 was made in the medial femoral condyle of 18 domestic pigs. Five weeks later, 9 pigs were treated using a novel recombinant human type III collagen/polylactide scaffold, and 9 were left to heal spontaneously. After 4 months, the pigs were sacrificed, then 3 arthroscopic surgeons evaluated the medial femoral condyles via video-recorded simulated arthroscopy using the ICRS scoring system. The surgeons repeated the evaluation twice within a 9-month period using their recorded arthroscopy. Results: The porcine cartilage repair model produced cartilage repair tissue of poor to good quality. The mean ICRS total scores for all observations were 6.6 (SD, 2.6) in arthroscopy, 5.9 (SD, 2.7) in the first reevaluation, and 6.2 (SD, 2.8) in the second reevaluation. The interrater reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the ICRS total scores (ICC, 0.46-0.60) and for each individual subscore (ICC, 0.26-0.71) showed poor to moderate reliability. The intrarater reliability with the ICC also showed poor to moderate reliability for ICRS total scores (ICC, 0.52-0.59) and for each individual subscore (ICC, 0.29-0.58). A modified Bland-Altman plot for the initial arthroscopy and for the 2 reevaluations showed an evident disagreement among the observers. Conclusion: In an animal cartilage repair model, the ICRS scoring system seems to have poor to moderate reliability. Clinical Relevance: Arthroscopic assessment of cartilage repair using the ICRS scoring method has limited reliability. We need more objective methods with acceptable reliability to evaluate cartilage repair outcomes.

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