scholarly journals Performance of Brazilian children on phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helenice Charchat-Fichman ◽  
Rosinda Martins Oliveira ◽  
Andreza Morais da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Phonemic Fluency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Fluency Task ◽  
Brazilian Children

Abstract The most used verbal fluency paradigms are semantic and letter fluency tasks. Studies suggest that these paradigms access semantic memory and executive function and are sensitive to frontal lobe disturbances. There are few studies in Brazilian samples on these paradigms. Objective: The present study investigated performance, and the effects of age, on verbal fluency tasks in Brazilian children. The results were compared with those of other studies, and the consistency of the scoring criteria data is presented. Methods: A sample of 119 children (7 to 10 years old) was submitted to the three phonemic fluency (F, A, M) tasks and three semantic fluency (animals, clothes, fruits) tasks. The results of thirty subjects were scored by two independent examiners. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between the scores calculated by the two independent examiners. Significant positive correlations were found between performance on the semantic fluency task and the phonemic fluency task. The effect of age was significant for both tasks, and a significant difference was found between the 7- and 9-year-old subjects and between the 7- and 10-year-old subjects. The 8-year-old group did not differ to any of the other age groups. Conclusion: The pattern of results was similar to that observed in previous Brazilian and international studies.

scholarly journals The impact of age and education on phonemic and semantic verbal fluency: Behavioral and fMRI correlates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochele Paz Fonseca ◽  
Karine Marcotte ◽  
Lilian C. Hubner ◽  
Nicolle Zimmermann ◽  
Tânia Maria Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Education Effect ◽  
Phonemic Fluency ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the impact of age and education on the neural and behavioral correlates of verbal fluency. Forty-eight healthy adult participants were included: high-educated young and elderly, low-educated young and elderly. Participants performed semantic and phonemic and a control task during fMRI scanning. The phonemic fluency data showed an education effect across age groups. As for the semantic fluency data, there was an education effect only in young participants. The second-level fMRI results showed, in phonemic fluency, a main effect of age in the left posterior cingulate, superior temporal gyrus (STG) and right caudate, whereas the main effect of education involved activation in the right semantic fluency, there were a main effect of age in the left paracentral lobule and posterior cingulate, a main effect of education in the left claustrum and an interaction in the right claustrum and STG and the hippocampus bilaterally.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Clustering and Switching in Verbal Fluency according to Healthy Elderly Group

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-640
Author(s):  
Juyeong Kim ◽  
Hyunjoo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Verbal Fluency Task ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phonemic Verbal Fluency ◽  
Fluency Task

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of clusters and switches through verbal fluency tasks by different age groups among the elderly.Methods: Ninety-four healthy elderly adults participated in this study. The verbal fluency task consisted of semantic verbal fluency and phonemic verbal fluency. The categories of ‘animal’ and ‘supermarket’ were used for semantic fluency, and the categories ‘/k/’, ‘/o/’ and ‘/s/’ were used for phonemic fluency.Results: First, there was a significant difference between the age groups. The number of correct responses in the verbal fluency task decreased as age increased. Second, the mean cluster size for verbal fluency did not show a significant difference among groups in tasks of semantic and phonemic verbal fluency. Third, the number of switches showed a significant difference between groups in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency. In the post-analysis results of semantic fluency, a significant difference was found in the category of ‘animals’ between the young-old and old-old age group, and a significant difference was found in the number of switches in the category of ‘supermarket’ between the middle-old and old-old age group. Finally, the semantic fluency task showed the highest frequency of perseverative error, and the phonemic fluency task showed the highest frequency of other errors.Conclusion: These results of this study are meaningful in investigating characteristics of cluster and switch as well as the performance of correct rate through the verbal fluency tasks according to the elderly group.

The Effects of Second-Language Acquisition on Verbal Fluency Among Elderly Israelis

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir M. Poreh ◽  
Avraham Schweiger
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Phonemic Fluency ◽  
Language Areas ◽  
Fluency Task

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the effect of age of second-language acquisition (Hebrew) on verbal fluency in a random sample of 196 elderly Israelis from four distinct ethnic groups. Using conventional statistics, it was shown that phonemic fluency, particularly switching, is associated with education and the age of Hebrew acquisition, while semantic fluency, particularly clustering, is associated with age. Ethnic differences were not significant after controlling for the age of Hebrew acquisition and education. Additional analyses show that the tendency of subjects to use borrowed, non-Hebrew words on the phonemic fluency task was associated with lower total scores on this task and later age of Hebrew acquisition. In contrast, the tendency to use non-Hebrew words on the semantic fluency task was associated with age and higher total scores. These findings are discussed with regard to recent functional imaging studies of bilingual subjects. Such findings indicate that native and second languages form distinct areas of activation in the dominant anterior language area, an area often associated with phonemic processing and switching, whereas an overlap of activation of various languages has been demonstrated within the posterior language areas, those that are often associated with semantic processing.

scholarly journals Lateralized Cerebellar Contributions to Word Generation: A Phonemic and Semantic Fluency Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom A. Schweizer ◽  
Michael P. Alexander ◽  
B. A. Susan Gillingham ◽  
Michael Cusimano ◽  
Donald T. Stuss
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Cerebellar Lesion ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Phonemic Fluency ◽  
Cerebellar Lesions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fluency Task ◽  
Neuropsychological Findings

Impairment on verbal fluency tasks has been one of the more consistently reported neuropsychological findings after cerebellar lesions, but it has not been uniformly observed and the possible underlying cognitive basis has not been investigated. We tested twenty-two patients with chronic, unilateral cerebellar lesions (12 Left, 10 Right) and thirty controls on phonemic and semantic fluency tasks. We measured total words produced, words produced in the initial 15 seconds, errors and strategy switches. In the phonemic fluency task, the right cerebellar lesion (RC) group produced significantly fewer words compared to the left cerebellar lesion (LC) group and healthy controls, particularly over the first 15 seconds of the task with no increase in errors and significantly fewer switches over the entire task. In the semantic fluency task there was only a modest decrease in total words in the RC group compared to controls. RC lesions impair fluency with many of the same performance characteristics as left prefrontal lesions. This supports the hypotheses of a prefrontal-lateral cerebellar system for modulation of attention/executive or strategy demanding tasks.

Clustering and switching strategies in verbal fluency tasks: Comparison between schizophrenics and healthy adults

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPPE H. ROBERT ◽  
VALÉRIE LAFONT ◽  
ISABELLE MEDECIN ◽  
LAURENCE BERTHET ◽  
SANDRINE THAUBY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Phonemic Fluency ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Fluency Task

Verbal fluency tasks are frequently used in clinical neuropsychology. Clustering (the production of words within semantic subcategories) and switching (the ability to shift between clusters) have been described as 2 components underlying fluency performance. We compared the use of clustering and switching in schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects. Seventy-eight schizophrenic subjects (DSM–IV criteria) and 64 control participants matched for age and educational level were recruited. Negative, disorganized, and productive clinical dimensions were evaluated using the SANS and SAPS scales. The number of words generated per semantic–phonemic cluster and the number of switches were evaluated during 2 verbal fluency tasks (phonemic and semantic). In the healthy controls switching and clustering were closely related to the total number of words generated in the verbal fluency tests. The role of the 2 components was partly dependent on the specific task. Switching was prevalent in formal fluency, while both switching and clustering contributed to semantic fluency. In comparison to the healthy controls, the overall group of schizophrenic patients showed a significant impairment of switching in the formal fluency task and of both switching and clustering in the semantic fluency task, and both the negative and disorganized dimensions correlated with verbal fluency performance, the number of switches during the phonemic fluency task, and the clustering during semantic fluency task. (JINS, 1998, 4, 539–546.)

Does body position, age, and heart rate induce IOP’s changes?

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110233
Author(s):  
Marcelina Sobczak ◽  
Magdalena Asejczyk ◽  
Malwina Geniusz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objectives: The main goal of this research was to determine the differences between the values of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the supine and sitting positions, and to assess the effect of age and cardiovascular parameters. Methods: Seventy-two healthy adults were enrolled and classified into age groups: 20–30 years (group A), 31–40 years (group B), and 41–71 years (group C). Corneal biometry and cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate (HR), were measured. IOP measurements were taken in the sitting position (IOPS) and in the supine position (IOPL) using the iCare® Pro tonometer. Results: A significant difference between the IOPS and IOPL in the entire cohort was found ( p < 0.001). Regarding the age subgroups, a significant difference ( p < 0.001) between the IOPS and IOPL was obtained in group A (2.6 ± 1.6 mmHg) and group C (1.5 ± 1.3 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the IOPS between groups. The highest IOP values were obtained for group A. The correlations between HR and IOPS are statistically significant for group A and group B, and for HR and IOPL-S for group B only. Multivariate analysis showed that HR has a significant influence on the difference in IOP in the two body positions. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the effect of age and the values of IOPS and IOPL was shown. Cardiovascular parameters showed some relevant statistical dependencies, but with a rather marginal significance in young people. The influence of body position for the measurement of IOP for healthy subjects does not seem to matter, despite the fact that there are some dependencies that are statistically significant.

The Incidence of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Hirsch ◽  
Nathalie Jette ◽  
Alexandra Frolkis ◽  
Thomas Steeves ◽  
Tamara Pringsheim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. Epidemiological studies on the incidence of PD are important to better understand the risk factors for PD and determine the condition's natural history. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the incidence of PD and its variation by age and gender. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for epidemiologic studies of PD from 2001 to 2014, as a previously published systematic review included studies published until 2001. Data were analyzed separately for age group and gender, and meta-regression was used to determine whether a significant difference was present between groups. Results: Twenty-seven studies were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis of international studies showed rising incidence with age in both men and women. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the 80+ group, which may be explained by methodological differences between studies. While males had a higher incidence of PD in all age groups, this difference was only statistically significant for those in the age range 60-69 and 70-79 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PD incidence generally increases with age, although it may stabilize in those who are 80+.

scholarly journals Performance of Children in Phonemic and Semantic Verbal Fluency Tasks

Psico-USF ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmara de Lucena Leite ◽  
Izabel Augusta Hazin Pires ◽  
Laura Carolina Lemos Aragão ◽  
Artemis Paiva de Paula ◽  
Ediana Rossely de Oliveira Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Semantic Verbal Fluency ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

Abstract This study investigated the performance of children from the Brazilian Northeast region, from 7 to 10 years in phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks. The participants were 102 subjects (62 girls and 40 boys) who performed three phonemic and three semantic fluency tasks. The results were submitted to correlational and variance analysis to investigate the influence of the variables age and gender on the subjects performance. There was no effect of gender on the results. Significant contrasts between age groups were found, and better performance was observed on phonemic tasks. Also, the performance in this task changed along development, in contrast to what happened with the semantic fluency. The findings seem to be in accordance to neurodevelopmental aspects, taken into account that explicit memory systems show more precocious maturational course, with earlier consolidation, in comparison to the executive functions and frontal lobes, which go on developing until adult ages.

scholarly journals Verbal Fluency Performance in Normal Adult Population in Iran: Norms and Effects of Age, Education and Gender

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Shirdel ◽  
◽  
Setareh Esmaeeli ◽  
Kaveh Alavi ◽  
Pezhman Ghaemmaghami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Verbal fluency is a cognitive function that can be easily assessed in bedside and provide useful data for clinical assessment of a variety of cognitive functions. We decided to provide a standardized test for the assessment of verbal fluency in Persian language, including both phonemic and semantic fluency subtests. Method: First, three letters (P, D, and Sh) and three categories (animals, fruits, and objects of kitchen) were selected based on a pilot study and a panel of specialists. Then, we selected 500 Persian speaking participants (47.8% male) that were 18 to 65 years old via convenient sampling from general population. Participants were stratified according to age, gender, and education. They performed the verbal fluency test. Results: The mean number of generated words in letter fluency and semantic fluency (±SD) were 8.3±4.1 and 18.0±5.5, respectively. Age, educational level, and mother tongue were associated with letter fluency. Semantic fluency was associated with age, gender, education level, and mother tongue. Conclusion: For a more reliable clinical assessment, we suggest to use all of the three letters and three semantic categories for each subject, calculate the mean of the produced words and compare them with the suggested cut-points provided for each subcategory. Age was negatively correlated with the number of generated words in letter fluency (r=-0.33; p<0.001) and semantic fluency tasks (r=-0.26; p<0.001). In letter fluency task, there was not a statistically significant difference between males and females according to the number of generated words (P=0.057). However, in semantic fluency, female participants generated more words (p=0.005). Mother tongue (Farsi) showed a significant effect both on letter fluency (t=5.55, p<0.001) and semantic fluency (t=9.41, p<0.001). Level of education had a significant association with both letter fluency (F=117.23, p<0.001) and semantic fluency (F=64.48, p<0.001).

scholarly journals An Investigation on Serum Mineral Levels of Healthy Norduz and Hair Goats Raised in Semi-Intensive Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1795-1802
Author(s):  
Ayşe Özge Demir ◽  
Ferda Karakuş ◽  
Suna Akkol
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Serum Minerals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Ppm Level

The aim of this study was to determine the some serum minerals and their interactions between in 2, 3 and 4 years-old healthy Norduz (n=45) and Hair (n=31) goats raised in semi-intensive conditions. Mineral levels were determined with Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) in ppm level. Results were calculated as Fe 1.578±0.088 and 1.379±0.095 mmol/L, Cu 1.300±0.067 and 1.303±0.080 mg/L, Zn 0.972±0.029 and 0.937±0.029 mg/L, K 4.574±0.091 and 2.102±0.074 mmol/L, Mg 2.089±0.057 and 4.670±0.098 mmol/L, Mn 2.163±0.152 and 2.215±0.198 mg/L, Pb 0.078±0.005 and 0.087±0.006 mg/L for Norduz and Hair goats, respectively. While the differences in the mineral levels of hair goats were not significant, significant differences has been found between the age groups in terms of K, F and Pb in Norduz goats. In addition, while there was no statistically significant difference between 3-year-old goats, statistically significant differences hs been found for Fe and 2-year-old goats K and Mg in 4-year-old goats. Moreover, with respect to correlation coefficients, positive correlations were obtained both between K-Mg at Norduz goats and between Fe-Cu, Fe-K, Fe-Mg, K-Mg at Hair goats in all years-old groups.

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