scholarly journals Sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) from caves in the state of Rondônia, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Maerschner Ogawa ◽  
Antonio Marques Pereira Júnior ◽  
Fábio Resadore ◽  
Ricardo de Godoi Mattos Ferreira ◽  
Jansen Fernandes Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time

Abstract This study had the aim of ascertaining the sandfly fauna and possible presence ofLeishmania in these insects, collected in caves in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. Collections were conducted in eight caves located in two different areas of this state. Leishmania in the sandflies collected was detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This was the first study on sandflies from caves in Rondônia and, among the total of 1,236 individuals collected, 24 species and 10 genera were identified. The speciesEvandromyia georgii was collected for the first time in Rondônia and the most abundant species were Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis with 448 individuals (36.2%), followed by T. octavioi with 283 (22.9%) and E. georgii with 179 (14.5%). For the PCR, 17 pools were analyzed and five pools were positive (forT. auraensis in three pools and for Nyssomyia shawi and N. antunesi in one pool each). The kDNA region was amplified and the presence of Leishmania DNA was confirmed. The sandfly fauna in these caves can be considered diverse in comparison with similar studies in other regions. It may be that some species use caves as a temporary shelter and breeding site, while other species live exclusively in this environment. The detection of LeishmaniaDNA indicates that this pathogen is circulating in cave environments and that further studies are needed in order to ascertain the risks of infection by leishmaniasis in these locations with high touristic potential.

Detection of a few DNA copies by real-time electrochemical polymerase chain reaction

The Analyst ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (18) ◽  
pp. 3432-3440 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moreau ◽  
S. Delile ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
C. Fave ◽  
A. Perrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Accurate Quantification

In the current work, accurate quantification over 10 to 108 DNA copies has been successfully achieved for the first time by real-time electrochemical PCR.

scholarly journals Monilinia spp. Causing Brown Rot of Stone Fruit in Serbia

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Hrustić ◽  
Goran Delibašić ◽  
Ivana Stanković ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Branka Krstić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
First Time

Brown rot is one of the most important pre- and postharvest fungal diseases of stone fruit worldwide. In Serbia, where production of stone fruit is economically important, Monilinia laxa and M. fructigena are widely distributed. In surveys from 2011 to 2013, 288 isolates of Monilinia spp. were collected from 131 localities in 16 districts and from six hosts in Serbia. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction, phylogenetic analysis, and morphological characterization, three species of Monilinia were identified as the causal agents of brown rot of stone fruit: M. laxa (89% of isolates), M. fructigena (3%), and M. fructicola (8%). In 2011, M. fructicola was reported for the first time on stone fruit in Serbia, with only one isolate detected. More isolates of M. fructicola were detected in 2012 (2 isolates) and 2013 (20 isolates). The presence of M. fructicola, as well as its increased frequency of detection during the survey, may indicate a change in the population structure of these pathogens, which could have an important impact on brown rot disease management in Serbia.

scholarly journals PCR detection of Bartonella spp. in the dog

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmila Konvalinová ◽  
Vlasta Svobodová ◽  
Dobromila Molinková ◽  
Miroslav Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time

Our study aimed at using PCR to identify the incidence ofBartonellaspp. in blood of dogs. Altogether 286 dogs of 92 breeds aged 3 month to 17 years were tested from October 2008 to December 2009. Healthy dogs as well as dogs with various clinical symptoms of disease were included in the group. Samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for the presence ofBartonellaspp. Following the DNA examination in 286 dogs by PCR and subsequent sequencing, two samples were identified asBartonella henselae(0.7%). Other species ofBartonellawere not found. It was the first time in the Czech Republic when incidence ofBartonellaspp. was determined in dogs.

scholarly journals Empoasca papayae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)-Mediated Transmission of Papaya Meleira Virus-Mexican Variant in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2015-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel García-Cámara ◽  
Raúl Tapia-Tussell ◽  
Anuar Magaña-Álvarez ◽  
Alberto Cortés Velázquez ◽  
Rodolfo Martín-Mex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Viral Titer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) causes sticky disease in Carica papaya in Brazil and Mexico. Despite its economic importance and the need for effective phytosanitary control, it remains unknown whether any insect is the vector of this virus. The aim of this work was to identify potential insect vectors of the PMeV-Mexican variant (PMeV-Mx) and determine whether these potential vectors are capable of transmitting the virus. Adult insects were collected in papaya fields in the south-southeast region of Mexico and were identified morphologically and molecularly. Their abundance and frequency were determined, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to establish if they carried PMeV-Mx. The Cicadellidae family (Hemiptera) was the most diverse and abundant, and Empoasca papayae was the most abundant species and had the highest virus titers. PMeV-Mx transmission assays were conducted under controlled conditions using E. papayae on C. papaya ‘Maradol’. E. papayae was a carrier of PMeV-Mx at 6 h after exposure, and its viral titer increased with time, peaking at 2.125 pg/μl of PMeV-Mx RNA from 20 ng/µl of cDNA, 5 days after exposure (dae). From 14 days after plants were exposed to insects, PMeV-Mx was detected and quantified in 100% of the evaluated papaya plants, whose viral RNA titer increased from 0.06 (21 dae) to 26.6 pg/μl of PMeV-Mx RNA (60 dae) from 20 ng/µl of cDNA. Three months later, these plants developed sticky disease symptoms, demonstrating that E. papayae is capable of transmitting PMeV-Mx to C. papaya ‘Maradol’.

scholarly journals Determination of Coxiella burnetii in bovine foetuses using PCR and immunohistochemistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ozkaraca ◽  
S. Ceribasi ◽  
AO Ceribasi ◽  
A. Kilic ◽  
S. Altun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Eastern Turkey ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time

This study was aimed at detection of Coxiella burnetii in bovine foetuses using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and at an estimation of its frequency in Eastern Turkey. Stamp, Giemsa, and Gimenez stains were used in addition to PCR and IHC to determine the presence of C. burnetii in samples from 70 bovine foetuses. While the staining methods did not detect the agent by direct visualisation of C. burnetii on smears, PCR and IHC identified its presence in two of the foetuses. The distribution of antigens in these two foetuses was, in decreasing order of concentration, in the spleen, the thymus, the lungs, the liver, and the kidneys. We conclude that C. burnetii diagnosis in bovine foetuses can be reliably performed using PCR and IHC. In addition, the frequency of 1.42% of C. burnetii positivity in bovine foetuses reported here was the first time that the presence of this agent was determined in Eastern Turkey.

scholarly journals Detection of Brucella sp. and Leptospira sp. in dogs using conventional polymerase chain reaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
Faham Khamesipour ◽  
Abbas Doosti ◽  
Mohsen Fard Emadi ◽  
Babafela Awosile
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Supplementary Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time

Abstract The study was conducted to detect Brucella sp. and Leptospira sp. in blood samples of dogs in Isfahan and Shahrekord province in Iran. A total of 94 blood samples were collected from dogs of different breed, age, sex, and dogs’ type (stray or nonstray). The samples were examined using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fourteen (14.89%) dogs were positive for Brucella sp. and 18 (19.15%). dogs for Leptospira sp. There were no significant differences between the prevalence of the pathogens, provinces, sex, and age groups (P > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in prevalence of Brucella sp. and Leptospira sp. between stray and non-stray dogs (P < 0.0001; χ2 = 30.3767). The study also demonstrated that PCR was successfully used for the first time in Iran for the detection of Brucella sp. and Leptospira sp. in blood samples of dogs. Therefore, we recommend the PCR as a supplementary method with other commonly recognised methods (e.g. serological methods) for the diagnosis of subclinical infections with the microorganisms. Strict measures for the control of stray dogs are also highly recommended.

scholarly journals Standardization of in-house polymerase chain reaction for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the reference tropical disease hospital in the State of Goiás, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Alves Vasconcelos Rodrigues ◽  
Álvaro Bisol Serafini ◽  
Marieta de Souza Pereira ◽  
Thathiane Dias da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Fouad Rabahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
The State ◽  
Tropical Disease ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Disease Hospital

scholarly journals Detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Jordanian Sheep and Goat Herds

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zendulková ◽  
A. Madanat ◽  
P. Lány ◽  
K. Rosenbergová ◽  
Z. Pospíšil
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycoplasma Species ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mycoplasma Agalactiae ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Contagious Agalactia ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time

The aim of the study was to ascertain whether sheep and goats from selected Jordanian herds were infected with Mycoplasma agalactiae, the most common aetiological agent of contagious agalactia of sheep and goats. All examined animals showed clinical signs of disease at the time of sample collection. The group included 35 animals, 15 sheep and 20 goats. For microbiological examination, a total of 107 swabs were taken from conjunctival, nasal, vaginal or preputial mucosae and from the external auditory canal. Identification of the species isolated was carried out by a polymerase chain reaction. Of the 35 animals, 21 (4 sheep and 17 goats) tested positive for Mycoplasma agalactiae. These results confirmed our assumption that this mycoplasma species is present in Jordanian herds and, for the first time, provided evidence that contagious agalactia of sheep and goats occurs in Jordan.

scholarly journals Detection of Brazilian spotted fever infection by polymerase chain reaction in a patient from the state of São Paulo

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Maria Mendes Nascimento ◽  
Flávia de Sousa Gehrke ◽  
Rosa Amélia Maldonado ◽  
Silvia Colombo ◽  
Luiz Jacintho da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Brazilian Spotted Fever ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Molecular Detection of Tobacco rattle virus in Bleeding Heart [Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem.] Growing in Alaska

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
South Central ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dicentra Spectabilis

Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) was detected in bleeding heart from South Central Alaskan home gardens in 2010-11. TRV M-type and NM-type isolates were confirmed from these symptomatic bleeding heart plants by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR polymerase chain reaction, protein, serological, and virus transmission assays. RNA1 was sequenced from one of the bleeding heart M-type isolates, and the nucleotide identity ranged from 91% to 94% when compared with six TRV isolates from potato, spinach, and alstroemeria. This is the first detection of TRV from D. spectabilis in Alaska. It is also the first time that M- and NM-type isolates have been distinguished from bleeding heart plants. The significance of these findings is that even though TRV infected plants containing NM-type isolates probably will not be spread to other plants by its specific nematode vector; vegetative propagated roots from TRV infected plants of either type of isolates will continue to be a source of diseased plants to home gardeners. Accepted for publication 18 December 2012. Published 27 February 2013.

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