scholarly journals Spatial analysis of canine leishmaniasis in an area of transmission of the semi-arid region of the State of Paraíba, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raizza Barros Sousa Silva ◽  
Laysa Freire Franco-Silva ◽  
Diana Azevedo Lima ◽  
Angélica Beatriz Araújo de Andrade Freitas ◽  
Walter Massa Ramalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Canine Plasma

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis is a widely distributed zoonosis and canine infection is an important indicator of risk for the occurrence of the disease in humans. The goal of this analysis was to study the spatial clustering of canine leishmaniasis (CL) in the municipality of Santa Luzia, state of Paraíba. For this, 749 samples of canine plasma were tested using three serological tests. The dog was considered positive if it reacted in two serological tests. The location of the residences was performed with a Global Positioning System receiver (GPS Garmin® eTrex 30), and used to perform georeferencing and spatial analysis. The prevalence of CL was 15.49% and it was observed that most cases of the urban area were concentrated in the Frei Damião neighborhood, on the outskirts of the city, where a high-risk cluster for the occurrence of the disease was formed (p = 0.02; RR = 2.48). No statistically significant cluster was observed in rural areas. CL is widely distributed in the municipality of Santa Luzia in a heterogeneous manner and with a tendency to urbanization. The areas identified with high prevalence and highest risk should be prioritized to maximize the efficiency of the Visceral Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control Program and minimize the chance of new canine and human cases.

scholarly journals Intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in a region of northeastern Brazil: a situation analysis after the discontinuance of a zoonosis control program

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranielly Araujo Nogueira ◽  
Maria Gabriela Sampaio Lira ◽  
Sarah Ingrid Pinto Santos ◽  
Renata Mondêgo-Oliveira ◽  
Fábio Henrique Evangelista de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Municipal Health

Abstract In São Luís, Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, the notification of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases intensified in 1982, showing endemic and epidemic patterns. In this city, the Center for Zoonoses Control (CZC) was an organization in charge of the control and prevention of the disease. However, technical and political reasons have led to a significant decline in the periodicity of its activities. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the epidemiological scenario of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) and the prevalence of the disease in dogs after the cessation of the CZC activities, covering the period of 2007 to 2016. The seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis was determined based on clinical and serological profiles. HVL cases were notified using data provided by the Municipal Health Department of São Luís. A seropositivity rate of 45.8% (p = 0.0001) was found among dogs, 54% (p = 0.374) of which were asymptomatic. As for human cases, there were 415 notifications, with an increase in the incidence of the zoonosis observed during the aforementioned period. Thus, it can be inferred that after the control and surveillance activities were curtailed, there was an increase in the number of seropositive animals in circulation, acting as reservoirs of infection for dogs and humans.

scholarly journals Serological and molecular diagnostic tests for canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazilian endemic area: one out of five seronegative dogs are infected

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (12) ◽  
pp. 2436-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. LOPES ◽  
A. P. SEVÁ ◽  
F. FERREIRA ◽  
C. M. NUNES ◽  
L. B. KEID ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Immunoenzymatic Assay

SUMMARYEuthanasia of infected dogs is one of the measures adopted in Brazil to control visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in endemic areas. To detect infected dogs, animals are screened with the rapid test DPP® Visceral Canine Leishmaniasis for detection of antibodies against K26/K39 fusion antigens of amastigotes (DPP). DPP-positives are confirmed with an immunoenzymatic assay probing soluble antigens of promastigotes (ELISA), while DPP-negatives are considered free of infection. Here, 975 dogs from an endemic region were surveyed by using DPP, ELISA and real-time PCR (qPCR) for the diagnosis of VL. When DPP-negative dogs were tested by qPCR applied in blood and lymph node aspirates, 174/887 (19·6%) were positive in at least one sample. In a second sampling using 115 cases, the DPP-negative dogs were tested by qPCR in blood, lymph node and conjunctival swab samples, and 36/79 (45·6%) were positive in at least one sample. Low-to-moderate pairwise agreement was observed between all possible pair of tests. In conclusion, the official diagnosis of VL in dogs in Brazilian endemic areas failed to accuse an expressive number of infected animals and the impact of the low accuracy of serological tests in the success of euthanasia-based measure for VL control need to be assessed.

scholarly journals Factors associated with Leishmania chagasi infection in domestic dogs from Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pereira da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Loureiro Werneck ◽  
Emanuelle Cardoso Macedo ◽  
Hanny de Carvalho ◽  
Maria do Socorro Pires e Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

INTRODUCTION: Many studies have evaluated risk factors for human visceral leishmaniasis, but few have focused on the infection among dogs. The objective of this study was to assess the association between peridomestic socioeconomic and environmental factors and the presence of dogs seropositive for Leishmania chagasi in the City of Teresina, Brazil. METHODS: This case-control study was based on the results of a routine seroepidemiological survey among domestic dogs carried out in 2007. Serological tests were performed by means of indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. All dwellings in which at least one seropositive dog was detected were considered cases, and controls were a random sample of dwellings in which only seronegative dogs were identified. Associations between variables were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) estimated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Dwellings with a history of dogs removed by the visceral leishmaniasis control program in the last 12 months had five-fold higher odds of having at least one seropositive dog as compared with dwellings having no history of dog removal (OR = 5.19; 95%CI = 3.20-8.42). Dwellings with cats had 58% increased odds of dog infection as compared with those having no cats (OR = 1.58; 95%CI = 1.01-2.47). CONCLUSIONS: Identification of factors associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis might be used for the delimitation of areas of higher risk for human visceral leishmaniasis, since infection in dogs generally precedes the appearance of human cases.

scholarly journals Applicability Evaluation of Several Spatial Clustering Methods in Spatiotemporal Data Mining of Floating Car Trajectory

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Hao-xuan Chen ◽  
Fei Tao ◽  
Pei-long Ma ◽  
Li-na Gao ◽  
Tong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Trajectory Mining ◽  
Density Peaks ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Taxi Trajectory

Spatial analysis is an important means of mining floating car trajectory information, and clustering method and density analysis are common methods among them. The choice of the clustering method affects the accuracy and time efficiency of the analysis results. Therefore, clarifying the principles and characteristics of each method is the primary prerequisite for problem solving. Taking four representative spatial analysis methods—KMeans, Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), Clustering by Fast Search and Find of Density Peaks (CFSFDP), and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE)—as examples, combined with the hotspot spatiotemporal mining problem of taxi trajectory, through quantitative analysis and experimental verification, it is found that DBSCAN and KDE algorithms have strong hotspot discovery capabilities, but the heat regions’ shape of DBSCAN is found to be relatively more robust. DBSCAN and CFSFDP can achieve high spatial accuracy in calculating the entrance and exit position of a Point of Interest (POI). KDE and DBSCAN are more suitable for the classification of heat index. When the dataset scale is similar, KMeans has the highest operating efficiency, while CFSFDP and KDE are inferior. This paper resolves to a certain extent the lack of scientific basis for selecting spatial analysis methods in current research. The conclusions drawn in this paper can provide technical support and act as a reference for the selection of methods to solve the taxi trajectory mining problem.

The Urban Spread of Visceral Leishmaniasis: Clues from Spatial Analysis

Epidemiology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme L. Werneck ◽  
Carlos H. N. Costa ◽  
Alexander M. Walker ◽  
John R. David ◽  
Matthew Wand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis

scholarly journals The shadows of a ghost: a survey of canine leishmaniasis in Presidente Prudente and its spatial dispersion in the western region of São Paulo state, an emerging focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Aparecida Zampieri D’Andrea ◽  
Elivelton da Silva Fonseca ◽  
Luiz Euribel Prestes-Carneiro ◽  
Raul Borges Guimarães ◽  
Renata Corrêa Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Spatial Dispersion ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Western Region ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
The Western Region

scholarly journals USE OF THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF ASYMPTOMATIC Leishmania INFECTION IN A VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS-ENDEMIC AREA

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Almeida Silva ◽  
Héctor Dardo Romero ◽  
Aline Fagundes ◽  
Nédia Nehme ◽  
Otávio Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The diagnosis of asymptomatic infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi has become more important over recent years. Expansion of visceral leishmaniasis might be associated with other routes of transmission such as transfusion, congenital or even vector transmission, and subjects with asymptomatic infection are potential reservoirs. Moreover, the identification of infection may contribute to the management of patients with immunosuppressive conditions (HIV, transplants, use of immunomodulators) and to the assessment of the effectiveness of control measures. In this study, 149 subjects living in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area were evaluated clinically and submitted to genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serological testing, and the Montenegro skin test. Forty-nine (32.9%) of the subjects had a positive PCR result and none of them developed the disease within a follow-up period of three years. No association was observed between the results of PCR, serological and skin tests. A positive PCR result in subjects from the endemic area did not indicate a risk of progression to visceral leishmaniasis and was not associated with a positive result in the serological tests.

scholarly journals Triatomine Fauna and Recent Epidemiological Dynamics of Chagas Disease in an Endemic Area of Northeast Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia M. Melo ◽  
Ana Carla F. G. Cruz ◽  
Antônio Fernando V. A. Lima ◽  
Luan R. Silva ◽  
Rubens R. Madi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The State ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
South Central ◽  
Disease Control Program

Updated information of the dispersion dynamics of Chagas disease (CD) and a systemic analysis of these data will aid the early identification of areas that are vulnerable to transmission and enable efficient intervention. This work synthesized spatiotemporal information regarding triatomine fauna and analyzed this information in combination with the results from serological tests to elucidate the epidemiological panorama of CD in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. This is a retrospective analytical study that utilized information from the database of the National Chagas Disease Control Program. Between 2010 and 2016, 838 triatomines of eight species, namely, Panstrongylus geniculatus, which was first recorded in the state of Sergipe, Panstrongylus lutzi, P. megistus, Triatoma brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, T. tibiamaculata, T. melanocephala, and Rhodnius neglectus, were collected. Optical microscopy revealed that 13.2% of triatomines examined were infected by Trypanosoma cruzi-like flagellates. The distribution of triatomines exhibits an expanding south-central to northern dispersion, with a preference for semiarid and agreste areas and occasional observations in humid coastal areas due to anthropogenic actions reflected in the environment. Of the human cases analyzed from 2012 to 2016, 8.3% (191/2316) presented positive serology for Trypanosoma cruzi, and this proportion showed a gradual increase in the southern center of the state and new notifications in coastal regions. There is a need for intensification and continuity of the measures adopted by the Chagas Disease Control Program in Sergipe, identifying new priority areas for intervention and preferential ecotopes of the vectors, considering the occurrence of positive triatomines intradomicilliary and a source of new triatomines in the peridomiciles.

scholarly journals Strategies to link rural areas to European and national transport networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Dana Sitányiová ◽  
Soňa Masarovičová ◽  
Daniele Berselli ◽  
Antonio Nicolini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Limited Budget ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Peripheral Areas

Transport capacity is very important indicator of country’s economic power reflecting its economic development. All means of transport must be efficient and able to transport goods and people as cheaply and quickly as possible. This requires constant upgrading of transport networks often with limited budget. This is a problem especially in rural areas, where population density is very low and there are difficulties in providing transport links between cities and rural communities. It is very expensive to upgrade transport network and also to ensure public transport services there. Individual car transport can diminish the problem, but some groups (the young, old or poor) will always require public transport service, moreover increasing car traffic put pressure especially on existing road transport. Public transport linking isolated rural regions to transport hubs towards the European and national transport networks play a crucial role in that regard. Paper presents some outputs of RUMOBIL project focusing on pilot actions testing a number of innovative applications during a period 2017-2018 how sparsely populated peripheral areas can be better linked to a primary, secondary or tertiary transport node by public transport.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Phlebotominae) and canine visceral leishmaniasis in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Pereira Spada ◽  
Diogo Tiago da Silva ◽  
Kennya Rozy Real Martins ◽  
Lílian Aparecida Colebrusco Rodas ◽  
Maria Luana Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
One Year

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis and also the canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, state of São Paulo. Blood samples were collected from 32 dogs from different rural properties (small farms) and were analyzed by ELISA and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in order to diagnose CVL. From these serological tests, 31.25% of the dogs were positive for CVL and these were distributed in 66.7% (8/12) of the rural properties, which were positive for L. longipalpis. CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) light traps were installed in 12 properties (one per property) and insects were caught on three consecutive days per month for one year. L. longipalpis was present on 100% of the rural properties visited, at least once during the twelve-month interval, totaling 64 males and 25 females. The insects were more numerous after the peak of the rain, but the association between prevalence of peridomestic vectors and the climatic data (precipitation, relative air humidity and temperature) and the occurrences of CVL among dogs on each rural property were not statistical significant (p <0.05). However, the occurrence of CVL cases in dogs and the presence of L. longipalpis indicate that more attention is necessairy for the control of this disease in the rural area studied.

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