scholarly journals High genetic diversity of Anaplasma marginale infecting dairy cattle in northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Gomes Pereira ◽  
Amanda Barbosa Garcia ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves ◽  
Inalda Angélica de Souza Ramos ◽  
Maria do Socorro Costa Oliveira Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
The State ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Anaplasma marginale is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium found in ruminants’ erythrocytes and is the etiological agent of bovine anaplasmosis. The bacterium’s genetic diversity has been characterized based on sequences of major surface proteins (MSPs), such as MSP1α. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity of A. marginale in cattle in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. To this end, 343 blood samples were harvested and subjected to iELISA assays using the recombinant surface protein MSP5. Out of 343 blood samples, 235 (68.5%) were randomly chosen and submitted to DNA extraction, qPCR and conventional PCR targeting the msp1α gene to determine amino acid sequences and classify the genotypes. The iELISA results showed 81.34% seropositivity (279/343), whereas qPCR revealed 224 positive samples (95.32%). Among these qPCR-positive samples, 67.4% (151/224) were also positive in the cPCR. Among the 50 obtained sequences, 21 strains had not been previously reported. Regarding the genotypes, H (26/50) and E (18/50) were identified most often, while genotypes F and C were only identified twice each and B and G once each. In conclusion, high prevalence and genetic diversity for A. marginale were observed in dairy cattle herds in the state of Maranhão.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of circulating Saffold viruses in Pakistan and Afghanistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 1945-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Naeem ◽  
Takushi Hosomi ◽  
Yorihiro Nishimura ◽  
Muhammad Masroor Alam ◽  
Tomoichiro Oka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genotype Assignment ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Human cardioviruses or Saffold viruses (SAFVs) of the family Picornaviridae are newly emerging viruses whose genetic and phenotypic diversity are poorly understood. We report here the full genome sequence of 11 SAFV genotypes from Pakistan and Afghanistan, along with a re-evaluation of their genetic diversity and recombination. We detected 88 SAFV from stool samples of 943 acute flaccid paralysis cases using reverse transcriptase-PCR targeting the 5′ untranslated region (UTR). Further characterization based on complete VP1 analysis revealed 71 SAFVs belonging to 11 genotypes, including three previously unidentified genotypes. SAFV showed high genetic diversity and recombination based on phylogenetic, pairwise distance distributions and recombination mapping analyses performed herein. Phylogenies based on non-structural and UTRs were highly incongruent indicating frequent recombination events among SAFVs. We improved the SAFV genotyping classification criteria by determining new VP1 thresholds based on the principles used for the classification of enteroviruses. For genotype assignment, we propose a threshold of 23 and 10 % divergence for VP1 nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively. Other members of the species Theilovirus, such as Thera virus and Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus, are difficult to classify in the same species as SAFV, because they are genetically distinct from SAFV, with 41–56 % aa pairwise distances. The new genetic information obtained in this study will improve our understanding of the evolution and classification of SAFV.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi in chickens in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Runglawan Chawengkirttikul ◽  
Witchuta Junsiri ◽  
Amaya Watthanadirek ◽  
Napassorn Poolsawat ◽  
Sutthida Minsakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
High Entropy

AbstractLeucocytozoon sabrazesi is the intracellular protozoa of leucocytozoonosis, which is transmitted by the insect vectors and affects chickens in most subtropical and tropical regions of the globe, except South America, and causing enormous economic losses due to decreasing meat yield and egg production. In this study, L. sabrazesi gametocytes have been observed in the blood smears, and molecular methods have been used to analyse the occurrence and genetic diversity of L. sabrazesi in blood samples from 313 chickens raised in northern, western and southern parts of Thailand. The nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) assay based on the cytb gene revealed that 80.51% (252/313) chickens were positive of L. sabrazesi. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that L. sabrazesi cytb gene is conserved in Thailand, showed 2 clades and 2 subclades with similarity ranged from 89.5 to 100%. The diversity analysis showed 13 and 18 haplotypes of the sequences from Thailand and from other countries, respectively. The entropy analyses of nucleic acid sequences showed 26 high entropy peaks with values ranging from 0.24493 to 1.21056, while those of amino acid sequences exhibited 5 high entropy peaks with values ranging from 0.39267 to 0.97012. The results; therefore, indicate a high molecular occurrence of L. sabrazesi in chicken blood samples with the associated factors that is statistically significant (p < 0.05). Hence, our results could be used to improve the immunodiagnostic methods and to find appropriate preventive control strategies or vaccination programs against leucocytozoonosis in order to mitigate or eliminate the harmful impact of this infection on chicken industry.

Creole cattle from northwestern Mexico has high genetic diversity in the locus DRB3.2

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
I.G. Fernández ◽  
I. Leyva-Baca ◽  
F. Rodríguez-Almeida ◽  
R. Ulloa-Arvizu ◽  
J.G. Ríos-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Baja California ◽  
The State ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Creole Cattle ◽  
Northwestern Mexico

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of creole cattle in northwestern Mexico using the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). A total of 56 creole cattle were sampled from five communities; in the state of Chihuahua (Cerocahui, Guadalupe y Calvo and Cuauhtémoc) and in the state of Baja California Sur (La Paz and Mulegé). The BoLA-DRB3.2 locus was genotyped by PCR-RFLP assay. Thirty-nine alleles were identified, out of which 14 had not been previously reported. The average level of inbreeding in all populations analyzed wasFIS= 0.09 (P&lt; 0.0001), but only two populations (Cerocahui and Guadalupe y Calvo) showed an excess of homozygotes (P&lt; 0.05). The breed differentiation in all populations studied wasFSC= 0.068 (P&lt; 0.0001). The smallest genetic distance was between La Paz and Mulegé (0.022); but Mulegé presented smaller distances (0.028–0.053) with the populations of La Paz (0.071–0.083) and with Chihuahua. Baja California Sur populations are grouped in a separate branch than Chihuahua populations. We conclude that creole cattle from Baja California Sur and Chihuahua show high genetic diversity in the locus BoLA-DRB3.2.

High genetic diversity and superinfection by Anaplasma marginale strains in naturally infected Angus beef cattle during a clinical anaplasmosis outbreak in southeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 101829
Author(s):  
Amanda Barbosa Garcia ◽  
Márcia Mariza Gomes Jusi ◽  
Carla Roberta Freschi ◽  
Inalda Angélica Souza Ramos ◽  
Natália Serra Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals High Genetic Diversity of Anaplasma marginale Detected from Philippine Cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1009-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Patalinghug YBAÑEZ ◽  
Rochelle Haidee D. YBAÑEZ ◽  
Florencia G. CLAVERIA ◽  
Mary Jane CRUZ-FLORES ◽  
Xuen XUENAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals Prevalence study on Trypanosoma vivax in dairy cattle in the Western region on the State of Paraná, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Alessandra Snak ◽  
Arielle Aparecida Lara ◽  
Felipe Gustavo Garcia ◽  
Euclides Mario Pieri ◽  
Júlia Angélica Gonçalves da Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
The State ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Trypanosoma Vivax ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Western Region

In Brazil, Trypanosoma vivax is present in several states. The disease is endemic in Pantanal and Minas Gerais. In Paraná there is still no report of the parasite, but due to the state borders with Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo, Paraguay and Argentina, it is believed that the protozoan circulates in the region without diagnosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of T. vivax in dairy cattle in the western region of Paraná. For this purpose, 600 blood samples and 400 serum samples were collected from dairy cattle, distributed in 60 and 40 properties, respectively. While buffy coat smears were performed on blood samples, serum samples were used in Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction. All samples, in both techniques, presented negative results for T. vivax. These results indicate that the studied hemoprotozoan is not circulating among the cattle in the western region of Paraná. However, future work evolving beef cattle must be carried out and preventive measures should be adopted in order to avoid the entry of the parasite in the State of Paraná.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of Neospora caninum among goats (Capra hircus) in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M.A. Braz ◽  
J.D.M. Valente ◽  
E.M.C. Villalobos ◽  
M.C.C.S.H. Lara ◽  
C.A.L. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Factor Evaluation

ABSTRACT Although goat dairy farms in Brazil may have a higher risk of infection by Neospora caninum than beef farms, risk factor evaluation on a representative population remains to be fully established in Brazil. Accordingly, this study aimed to establish the occurrence of anti-N. caninum antibodies and factors associated with exposure in 406 blood samples from five dairy and three beef goat farms in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Anti-N. caninum antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), with samples considered positive when reacting with dilution ≥ 1:50. A total of 106/406 goats (26.11%; 95% CI: 21.96-30.72%) were seroreactive comprising 2/61 (3.28%), 10/45 (22.22%), 13/50 (26.00%), 17/51 (33.33%) to 29/46 (63.04%) in dairy farms, and from 3/54 (5.56%), 12/50 (24.00%) to 20/49 (40.82%) on the beef farms. No significant associations were found in relation to age, gender, dairy versus beef farms, occurrence of abortions or mummified fetuses, and seroreactivity to N. caninum (P>0.05). In conclusion, goat farms in the state of Paraíba showed the highest occurrence of anti-N. caninum antibodies to date in Brazil.

scholarly journals Investigating the presence of equine piroplasmosis in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (11) ◽  
pp. e97-e97
Author(s):  
Robert M Coultous ◽  
Desmond P Leadon ◽  
Brian R Shiels ◽  
David Sutton ◽  
William Weir
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Pcr Targeting

BackgroundEquine piroplasmosis (EP) is a notifiable disease in Ireland and a significant concern to domestic and international equine industries. Information regarding EP presence in Ireland is currently limited. This retrospective surveillance study describes a serological and molecular analysis of blood samples submitted to the Irish Equine Centre for EP testing between January 2013 and April 2016.MethodsFollowing serological testing, seropositive samples were screened using a PCR targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Amplicon sequences were bioinformatically analysed to identify the parasite species and to assess genetic diversity.ResultsFrom 2099 screened equine blood samples, 2.5 per cent and 1 per cent were seropositive for Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, respectively. T equi DNA was detected in 9 per cent of the seropositive samples while B caballi DNA was not detected in any sample. The T equi DNA sequences displayed no genetic diversity at this locus, in contrast to samples from the UK and from endemic areas.ConclusionDetection of EP-seropositive and parasitaemic horses in Ireland indicates a clear and present health risk to the equine population. It is recommended that owners adopt appropriate biosecurity measures and that clinicians are mindful of this disease as a differential diagnosis.

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