scholarly journals Catalase activity in Smicridea McLachlan, 1871 (Insecta, Trichoptera) collected from natural and altered/impacted streams

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Cristiane Biasus ◽  
Luiz Ubiratan Hepp ◽  
Rogério Luis Cansian ◽  
Rozane Maria Restello ◽  
Albanin Aparecida Mielniczki-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Drainage Area ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
Agricultural Streams ◽  
Enzyme Pattern ◽  
Activity Measure

Aim: We compare catalase activity in SmicrideaMcLachlan, 1871 (Insecta, Trichoptera) collected in natural and agricultural streams and correlates the enzyme pattern with metal content in the water.MethodsOrganisms were collected in sites classified as natural (riparian vegetation in buffer zone) and altered/impacted (agricultural land use in drainage area) environments, located at Cravo River and Campo River sub-basins (RS, Brazil). Next the collected larvae were identified and used to proteins quantification and catalase activity measure. The concentration of Mg, Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd in the water was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.ResultsCatalase activity in Smicridea ranged from 1.5 to 6 U, with mean values about 2.63 ± 0.096 U (SEM). The presence of metals was higher in the streams located at agricultural drainage area, except for Mg at the Cravo sub-basin and Cu at the Campo sub-basin. Catalase was higher in Smicridea collected in natural streams as compared to that agriculture streams and was correlated with Pb and Cd levels.ConclusionsThe data showed the potential of this biomarker as a useful tool for complementation of water quality biomonitoring studies using Smicridea as bioindicator.

scholarly journals No Difference in Instream Decomposition Among Upland Agricultural and Forested Streams in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen C. Kadeka ◽  
Frank O. Masese ◽  
David M. Lusega ◽  
Augustine Sitati ◽  
Benjamin N. Kondowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Agricultural Streams

Expansion of agriculture is particularly worrying in tropical regions of the world, where native forests have been replaced by croplands and grasslands, with severe consequences for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning. However, limited data exist on the effects of agriculture on the functioning of tropical streams. We conducted a leaf litter decomposition experiment in coarse- and fine-mesh litterbags using the three species of leaves (Eucalyptus globulus [non-native], Vernonia myriantha, and Syzygium cordatum [indigenous]) in three forested and agricultural streams to determine the effect of agriculture on instream leaf litter decomposition in headwater stream sites. We also examined the functional composition of macroinvertebrates in the streams through the contents of benthic kick samples. Agricultural streams had a less dense riparian canopy and smaller abundance of coarse organic particulate matter, and higher electric conductivity and suspended solids than forested streams. In terms of the effects of litter quality on decomposition rates, Vernonia had the fastest decomposition rates while Eucalyptus had the slowest in both forested and agricultural sites. Shredder invertebrates were less abundant in agricultural streams, and in both stream types, they were less diverse and abundant than other functional groups. Overall, leaf litter decomposition rates did not respond to agricultural land-use. The hypothesized negative effects of agriculture on organic matter processing were minimal and likely modulated by intact riparian zones along agricultural streams.

scholarly journals Drought Sensitivity and Trends of Riparian Vegetation Vigor in Nevada, USA (1985–2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Albano ◽  
Kenneth C. McGwire ◽  
Mark B. Hausner ◽  
Daniel J. McEvoy ◽  
Charles G. Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Vegetation Responses

Dryland riparian areas are under increasing stress due to expanding human water demands and a warming climate. Quantifying responses of dryland riparian vegetation to these pressures is complicated by high climatic variability, which can create strong, transient changes in vegetation vigor that could mask other disturbance events. In this study, we utilize a 34-year archive of Landsat satellite data to (1) quantify the strength and timescales of vegetation responses to interannual variability in drought status and (2) isolate and remove this influence to assess resultant trends in vegetation vigor for riparian areas across the state of Nevada, the driest state in the USA. Correlations between annual late-summer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were calculated across a range of time periods (varying timing and durations) for all riparian pixels within each of the 45 ecoregions, and the variability of these values across the study area is shown. We then applied a novel drought adjustment method that used the strongest SPEI–NDVI timescale relationships for each ecoregion to remove the influence of interannual drought status. Our key result is a 30 m resolution map of drought-adjusted riparian NDVI trends (1985–2018). We highlight and describe locations where impacts of invasive species biocontrol, mine water management, agriculture, changing water levels, and fire are readily visualized with our results. We found more negatively trending riparian areas in association with wide valley bottoms, low-intensity agricultural land uses, and private land ownerships and more positive trends in association with narrow drainages, public lands, and surrounding perennial water bodies (an indication of declining water levels allowing increased vegetative cover). The drought-adjusted NDVI improved the statistical significance of trend estimates, thereby improving the ability to detect such changes. Results from this study provide insight into the strength and timescales of riparian vegetation responses to drought and can provide important information for managing riparian areas within the study area. The novel approach to drought adjustment is readily transferrable to other regions.

HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN HALTON REGION SOILS: AN ASSESSMENT FOR FUTURE MUNICIPAL SLUDGE UTILIZATION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. WEBBER ◽  
A. SHAMESS
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Sludge Application

Studies were conducted to determine: (a) the heavy metal concentrations in Halton Region agricultural soils; and (b) whether a 1984 estimate of at least 39 yr for practicing land application of sludge in the Region was valid. Soil samples were taken on a regular grid pattern from the agricultural area of the Region. In a very large proportion of the samples, heavy metal concentrations were less than the maximum permissible values for sludge application to land in Ontario and in most of the samples, they were less than or approximately equal to the mean values for uncontaminated soils in Ontario. In a small proportion of the samples, heavy metal concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible values for sludge application to land in Ontario. These samples were obtained mainly west of the Niagara Escarpment in the southwest corner of the Region and the offending metals were primarily Pb and Zn. High Pb and Zn concentrations in these soils were not related to sludge application but were naturally occurring and probably were derived from Pb and Zn sulfides in the soil parent material. It was concluded that sludge may be applied on a very large proportion of the agricultural land in Halton Region and that the 1984 estimate of at least 39 yr for continuing this practice was valid. Moreover, in view of recent reductions in annual sludge quantity for land application in the Region and in sludge Cd concentration, the 39-yr estimate was considered to be conservative. Key words: Heavy metals, cadmium, Halton Region, municipal sludge, land application

scholarly journals Sosio-Ekologi Masyarakat Sekitar Sabuk Hijau (Greenbelt) Waduk Jatigede

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Anita Budiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Green Belt ◽  
The Core ◽  
Biophysical Factor ◽  
Land Use Plan ◽  
Ownership Of Land

Green Belt area of the Jatigede Reservoir are located at an elevation of 260-262.5 masl covering 5 administrative districts namely Jatigede, Jatinunggal, Wado, Darmaraja and Cisitu. Spatialy is included into a local protected area which one the ownership of land is under the authority of the reservoir management. The phenomenon that occurred earlier in the dams in Indonesia are the green belt fields has degradation such as occupational settlement and conversion of agricultural land by civil society which does not convey the principles of soil and water conservation. Green belt area as buffer zone and an interface between the core zone (aquatic) and the outside of reservoir area (community settlement). The socioecological interaction between human and natural resources will always occur in the buffer zone. The object of this research is to learn of socio-ecology at green belt land as multifunctional area both for conservation and production function and in its utilization involving people affected by the construction of Jatigede dam. The method used is a concurrent quantitative-qualitative combination to explore the biophysical, social, economic and cultural characteristics and perception of the stakeholders about exictence the green belt of the Jatigede dam. The socio-ecology of civil society not use concept in land use plan green belt of jatigede reservoir is to make zonation based on biophysical factor that is zones of conservation and production.  Keywords : Green belt, Jatigede Reservoir, Socio-ecology landscape

scholarly journals Bank instability and erosion problems in Bishnumati River, Kathmandu, Nepal

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Basanta Raj Adhikari ◽  
Naresh Kazi Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Erosion Hazard ◽  
Bagmati River

The Bishnumati River, a major tributary of the Bagmati River in the Kathmandu basin, suffers from bank erosion, river instability, and environmental degradation. These processes are responsible for the loss of sediments, modification of river morphology, loss of vegetative buffer zone, and deterioration of stream environment. Bank erosion hazard in the Bishnumati River was assessed at ten different reaches using bank height ratio, ratio of riparian vegetation rooting depth to bank height, rooting density percentage, bank slope, and bank surface protection. Vertical and lateral stability of the river was assessed at four reference segments, namely at Bishnumatigaun, Okhaltar, Mahadevtar, and Tamsipakha, respectively from upstream to downstream. The riverbanks in the Bishnumatigaun segment show fluctuating trends of bank erosion potential from upstream to downstream. All the four segments of the Bishnumati River are vertically unstable and all the segments except the Okhaltar are entrenched. The Tamsipakha and Okhaltar segments have a high risk of lateral shifting, as they possess high values of bank erosion hazard index, meandering width ratio, and width-depth ratio. The Bishnumati river is in a degrading condition and capable of eroding sediments. The main causes of river instability are the excavation of river sediments, encroachment on riverbanks, clearing of riparian vegetation, and canalization.

scholarly journals A comparison of the accuracy of different types of samples for spatial structure indices determination in beech forests in Serbia

Topola ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Bratislav Matović ◽  
Dejan Stojanović ◽  
Stefan Stjepanović ◽  
Marko Gutalj ◽  
Boban Miletić
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Accuracy Comparison ◽  
Fixed Radius ◽  
Structure Indices ◽  
Dominance Indices ◽  
Linear Correlations

In this paper we compared the accuracy of different samples (minus the sample with the NN1 edge correction and buffer zone, plus sample and modified cluster sample) to determine indices of spatial structure in beech forests in Serbia, which can be used in regular forest inventory. The research was conducted in 11 forest stands of different structure at the territory of Central Serbia. Field data used for the assessment of spatial structure indices were collected across the examined stands on the sample plots of different sizes, using systematic grid, with the square layout of sample plots (100x100 meters). The study was conducted on 242 sample plots. For accuracy comparison of different sample types, five indices were used: Uniform angle index, Mean directional index, Species mingling index, DBH differentiation and DBH dominance indices. One-way ANOVA showed that at the stand level there were no statistically significant differences between mean values of indices obtained by different sample types. However, Simple linear correlations confirmed for most indices that if the spatial structure is to be determined with accuracy at the level of sample plots (in this case, a circular fixed radius plot of 5 acres) it is necessary to use a plus sample during data collection. For species mingling and DBH differentiation indices, Simple linear correlations show that both minus sampling with edge correction buffer zone and modified cluster sampling with somewhat less accuracy can be used to a certain extent. Minus sampling with NN1 edge correction is not practical for use on sample plots of this size in beech forests in Serbia.

scholarly journals Land Suitability and Direction of Strategic Agricultural Commodities in East Kalimantan to Support the Development of the New Nation’s Capital of Republic of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
NFN Sukarman ◽  
Erna Suryani ◽  
Husnain Husnain
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
The Republic

<p class="JSDLKatakunci"><strong>Abstra</strong><strong>ct</strong><strong>.</strong> The development of the new nation's capital in East Kalimantan must be supported with sufficient food supply. An Agricultural buffer zone must be provided as production area of food crops, horticulture, plantation, and livestock to suffice the food needs. The planning of landuse arrangement in the area required land suitability assessment for various agricultural commodities. The purpose of this paper is to provide information of land suitability in East Kalimantan Province that support the development plan of the new capital of the Republic of Indonesia. Literature studies of the previous research in East Kalimantan Province are carried out by the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development (ICALRRD), as well as other research institutions. Based on the researches by ICALRRD conducted between year 2016-2019, the land suitable for agriculture is quite extensive (7.7 million ha), mostly for dry land farming. It is classified as suitable (S) mainly for plantation, forage, dry land food, horticulture, and upland rice, especially rainfed paddy. Only a small part is suitable for swamp lowland paddy field or tidal paddy field. The efforts to develop the regions include: (1) the expansion of new areas called as extensification (E), and a little through intensification (I). Extensification is conducted by cultivating superior commodities on new opening land that were previously in the form of shrubs or swampy shrubs, and open area or pasture. The available area for extensification program in East Kalimantan is 2.728 million ha. (2) The intensification program is carried out through the development of commodities in the existing land by strengthening the application of land technology, water management, crops varieties selection and cultivation techniques covering 73.2 thousand ha.</p><p><strong>Abstrak. </strong>Rencana pemindahan ibu kota negara ke Kalimantan Timur, perlu didukung oleh kawasan penyangga pertanian (tanaman pangan, hortikultura, perkebunan, dan peternakan) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan masyarakat. Perencanaan penyusunan kawasan tersebut memerlukan data kesesuaian lahan berbagai komoditas pertanian. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi data tentang kesesuaian lahan di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dalam mendukung rencana pembangunan ibukota baru Republik Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan makalah ini adalah studi literatur dari hasil penelitian di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, baik yang dilaksanakan oleh Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian (BBSDLP), maupun lembaga penelitian lain. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian BBSDLP antara tahun 2016-2019, lahan yang sesuai untuk pertanian cukup luas (7,7 juta ha), terutama untuk pertanian lahan kering. Lahan yang tergolong kelas sesuai (S) sebagian besar untuk tanaman perkebunan, pakan ternak, pertanian tanaman pangan lahan kering, hortikultura, dan padi sawah tadah hujan. Hanya sedikit yang sesuai untuk pertanian padi rawa lebak atau padi pasang surut. Upaya yang dapat ditempuh untuk membangun kawasan ini adalah: (1) melalui perluasan areal baru atau ekstensifikasi (E) tanaman perkebunan, pakan ternak, pertanian tanaman pangan lahan kering, hortikultura, dan padi sawah tadah hujan, pada lahan bukaan baru yang sebelumnya berupa semak belukar atau semak belukar rawa, lahan terbuka atau padang rumput seluas 2,728 juta ha. (2) melalui program intensifikasi (I) dilakukan melalui pengembangan komoditas di lahan sawah eksisting melalui penguatan aplikasi teknologi pengelolaan lahan, pengelolaan air, penggunaan varietas unggul, dan teknik budidaya, seluas 73,2 ribu ha.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of Urbanization Processes on the Dynamics and Scale of Spatial Transformations in the Mazowiecki Landscape Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Janeczko ◽  
Radosław Dąbrowski ◽  
Joanna Budnicka-Kosior ◽  
Małgorzata Woźnicka
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
Development Area ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Agricultural Areas

This paper explores how urbanization processes, since the 1950s, affected forested areas in the Mazowiecki Landscape Park and determines if these processes resulted in a significant reduction of forest. Spatial analyses, which were used to generate very detailed data on the area of forests, agricultural land, and development areas, were carried out, and the spatial directions of the changes were determined. The results indicate that, in comparison to the 1950s, in the 1990s, the forest area did not decrease, but, in fact, increased, despite a significant increase in the development area, both in the present area of the park and in its buffer zone. This was due to the fact that new buildings were constructed in mainly agricultural areas. At the same time, intensive afforestation of weak soils, mainly inland dunes, was carried out in this area. Comparing the current period to the 1990s, further dynamic growth of the development area can be observed, especially in the park’s protective zone, with a simultaneous decrease in the forest area and agricultural land.

Comparison between telemetry and spot-mapping to determine space use of the Kenyan endemic Hinde's babbler

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Fischer ◽  
Jan Christian Habel
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Telemetry Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Spot Mapping ◽  
Family Groups

Abstract:Different methods to measure species behaviour and space use may produce diverging results, and provide advantages and shortcomings. Data from spot-mapping of animals might be affected from restricted detectability of individuals in dense vegetation, while radio-tracking provides a less biased (or even unbiased) measure of space use. Here we compare results from spot-mapping and telemetry of four family groups (i.e. five individuals belonging to these four family groups), respectively of the Kenyan endemic cooperative-breeding bird Hinde's babbler, Turdoides hindei. Data from spot-mapping showed that the space use of T. hindei is mostly restricted to riparian vegetation. Home-range sizes calculated from telemetry were five times larger if compared with data obtained from spot-mapping. Telemetry data showed that T. hindei also moves across agricultural land, and mean and maximum displacements are larger if compared with data obtained from spot-mapping. Several reasons might lead to these differences: (1) Telemetry data also consider rare long-distance excursions, while (2) observers of spot-mapping might fail to observe long-distance movements and thus underestimate home-range sizes as well as displacement distances; (3) results from telemetry might become blurred from measurement error during the triangulation of fixes. Our study confirms that both methods provide advantages, but also shortcomings, which need to be considered when selecting a method to elaborate a research question.

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