scholarly journals Zooplankton trajectory before, during and after a hydropower dam construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Schmidt ◽  
Patrícia Dammski Borges de Andrade ◽  
André Andrian Padial
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Riverine Ecosystems ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Aim Understanding the impact of anthropogenic activities is central for supporting management and conservation efforts. In aquatic ecosystems, the construction of dams for hydroelectric power plants is a major environmental change that turns the riverine ecosystem into a reservoir lake. Such environmental deep alteration causes profound impacts in biota. The goal of this study is to make a comprehensive description of zooplankton trajectory following the construction of a reservoir in the transition from the hotspot Cerrado to Amazon, Central Brazil. Methods We used data sampled before, during and after the formation of the reservoir lake in 10 sampling units each period. We evaluated compositional changes, shifts in spatial organization, and a variation in beta-diversity from before to after the dam constructions using a set of multivariate analyses. We evaluated effects for Rotifers, Copepods and Cladocerans separately. Results Compositional changes were evident for all zooplankton groups: Rotifers, Copepods and Cladocerans. Besides, spatial community organization was also affected but depending on the beta-diversity facet and data resolution – mainly turnover using abundance data, except for Copepods. Finally, an increase in nestedness occurred for all groups during the formation of the reservoir lake. Conclusions In summary, our study showed the deep impacts for zooplankton that the formation of a reservoir lake causes. We innovate by making a complete assessment, which indicate clearly the complexity of evidencing impacts in aquatic communities. We also suggest that long-term monitoring should continue in reservoirs for scientific purposes. The changes in biota also make clear that the construction of dams should be accompanied by preservation of other pristine riverine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Spatial Variability and Trends of Flows and Sediments under the Impact of Climate Change in the Upper Indus Basin

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Waqas Ul Hussan ◽  
Muhammad Khurram Shahzad ◽  
Frank Seidel ◽  
Anna Costa ◽  
Franz Nestmann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Upper Indus Basin ◽  
The Impact

Extensive research of the variability of flows under the impact of climate change has been conducted for the Upper Indus Basin (UIB). However, limited literature is available on the spatial distribution and trends of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in the sub-basins of UIB. This study covers the comparative assessment of flows and SSC trends measured at 13 stations in the UIB along with the variability of precipitation and temperatures possibly due to climate change for the past three decades. In the course of this period, the country’s largest reservoir, Tarbela, on the Indus River was depleted rapidly due to heavy sediment influx from the UIB. Sediment management of existing storage and future planned hydraulic structures (to tap 30,000 MW in the region) depends on the correct assessment of SSC, their variation patterns, and trends. In this study, the SSC trends are determined along with trends of discharges, precipitation, and temperatures using the non-parametric Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator. The results reveal that the annual flows and SSC are in a balanced state for the Indus River at Besham Qila, whereas the SSC are significantly reduced ranging from 18.56%–28.20% per decade in the rivers of Gilgit at Alam Bridge, Indus at Kachura, and Brandu at Daggar. The SSC significantly increase ranging from 20.08%–40.72% per decade in the winter together with a significant increase of average air temperature. During summers, the SSC are decreased significantly ranging from 18.63%–27.79% per decade along with flows in the Hindukush and Western–Karakorum regions, which is partly due to the Karakorum climate anomaly, and in rainfall-dominated basins due to rainfall reduction. In Himalayan regions, the SSC are generally increased slightly during summers. These findings will be helpful for understanding the sediment trends associated with flow, precipitation, and temperature variations, and may be used for the operational management of current reservoirs and the design of several hydroelectric power plants that are planned for construction in the UIB.

scholarly journals The Amur River Water During the Winter Low-water Period: The Many-year dynamics of the Sulfates Content and Runoff.

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Amur Basin ◽  
Amur River ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

ulfates are the dominant ions among the major ones in the Amur region’s sewage. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to study the long-term dynamics of the content and runoff of sulfates in the Amur River in the winter low-water, based on the materials of Roshydromet for 1943-1976 and the author’s data for 1999-2019.Significant variations in the main areas were found due to both the diversity of natural conditions and anthropogenic influence in the areas of large cities and localities. The impact of the construction of hydroelectric power plants, significant economic changes in the Chinese part of the Amur basin, as well as the closure of pulp and paper and microbiological industries in the Russian part of the Amur basin on the long-term dynamics of the content and flow of sulfates is estimated. The maximum content of sulfates in the Amur River was observed after the accident at the Jilin chemical plant in China in December 2005. The influence of major floods on the increase in the flow of sulphates in the winter low-water was established.

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF SOIL RESISTANCE AND PHYSICAL NON-LINEARITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE IN THE CALCULATION OF UNDERGROUND PREFABRICATED REINFORCED CONCRETE WATER PIPELINES

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
T. K. KSENOFONTOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Physical Nonlinearity ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Ground Resistance ◽  
The Impact

One of the most common types of hydraulic structures is reinforced concrete pipelines used in various areas of water management. They are used in water supply and disposal systems as supply and discharge pipelines of hydroelectric power plants and pumping stations, in the system of land reclamation. Due to the prevalence of these structures and their large lengths, design issues play an important role. Currently, when calculating reinforced concrete pipelines, both monolithic and prefabricated, the pipe ring of a single width is considered as a linear-elastic body under the conditions of a plane-deformed state. At the same time, it is considered that reinforced concrete pipelines have a sufficiently high rigidity, so the impact of soil resistance due to their deformation is very small and it is not taken into account when designing. In addition,in reinforced concrete, from which pipes are made, even at low loads, nonlinear deformations occur associated with the development of its creep. Non-linear operation of reinforced concrete also occurs in the case of cracks in the pipeline shell, and in its most stressed zones cracks may be formed and stresses may appear in the reinforcement. These factors lead to a change in the rigidity of the cross sections of the pipeline shell and redistribution. The article considers how the presence of expanded joints affects the stress state of the underground pipeline shell,how justified is the assumption that the ground resistance has a small effect on the operation of the prefabricated water supply pipeline, and also there is examines the influence of the physical nonlinearity of reinforced concrete on the results of its calculation in the spatial setting.I

Impact assessment of anthropogenic interpositions on hydrological regimes of Godavari and Krishna River Basins, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Kumar Singh ◽  
Dr. Manoj Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Hydrologic Alteration ◽  
Riverine Ecosystems ◽  
Godavari River ◽  
Hydrological Alteration ◽  
Biotic Diversity ◽  
The Impact

<p>The rivers around the world have been transformed due to various anthropogenic activities and have led to the altered natural flow regime, which is crucial for controlling the essential environmental conditions within the river which in turn forms the biotic diversity. This study quantifies the adverse impacts due to the construction of dams on the hydrology of the Godavari and Krishna River Basins over the last half a century. The quantification of hydrologic alteration at five representative gauging stations of both the rivers has undertaken using Indicator of Hydrological Alteration (IHA) and the Flow Health (FH) methods based on the Range of Variability approach. To evaluate the alterations of flow regime due to the impact of dams (anthropogenic) only, the data for wet and dry years were excluded from the analysis as these represent the impact of climate variability. The IHA results reveal that the average monthly flow (especially from June to September), annual extreme streamflow indices (1-, 3-, and 7-day maxima flow), and rise and fall rates were among the most affected ones when compared to the pre-impacted period. The improved overall hydrologic alteration values for the Dhalegaon, Nowrangpur, K. Agraharam, and Vijayawada stations were found approximately 75.5%, 73.2%, 76.9 %, and 67.9 % respectively, suggesting a significant impact on the overall riverine ecosystem. The flow health (FH) analysis scores for high flow (HF) (K.Agraharam and Yadgir) highest monthly (HM) (Dhalegaon, K.Agraharam, and Yadgir), Low Flow (LF) (Dhalegaon) and flood flow intervals (FFI) (Dhalegaon and Vijayawada) during the test period were in the very high alteration range and these all hydrological indicator represents important ecological functions in both the rivers. The results showed in this study may guide in strategizing the multi-step process needed to improve the riverine ecosystems of Godavari and Krishna Basins and their ecological functioning.</p><p>Keywords: Hydrological alteration; Krishna River; Godavari River; Ecosystem</p>

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION OF A SMALL HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATIONON THE QUALITY OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
B.M. Khuchunaev ◽  
◽  
А. Tashilova ◽  
L. A. Kesheva ◽  
N. V. Teunova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
The Impact

Environment – a set of components of the natural environment, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects, as well as anthropogenic objects. When carrying out any construction work, it is necessary to assess the impact of emissions of pollutants on the environment. One of the features of the energy sector at the beginning of the 21st century is the strict regulation of its further development with the requirements of preserving a favorable environment and preventing global pollution. This determines the trend towards an increasing role of renewable energy sources and, first of all, the most efficient hydropower. In the world, small energy began to develop in recent decades, this is mainly due to the desire to avoid environmental damage caused by reservoirs of large hydroelectric power plants, with the ability to guarantee energy supply in isolated and inaccessible areas. The creation of small hydroelectric power plants instead of small power plants operating on fossil fuels leads to a significant improvement in the air basin. This article provides an assessment of the ecological state of the territory from the point of view of the possibility of construction of the object and a preliminary qualitative forecast of possible changes in the environment during the implementation of the planned construction works and its negative consequences. Based on the analysis of the initial state of the environment and the forecast of its resistance to man-made impacts, the assessment of the possible impact of the construction object on the environment in accordance with the requirements for environmental documentation was carried out.

scholarly journals Attributes and Magnitude of the Socio-Environmental Impacts in Environmental Impact Study and Environmental Impact Report (EIS/EIR) of two small Hydroelectric Power Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e22
Author(s):  
Carolina Faccio Demarco ◽  
Thays França Afonso ◽  
Patricia Damasceno Ribeiro ◽  
Cassia Brocca Caballero ◽  
Robson Andreazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Impact Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
The Impact

Both SHPs selected for this study SHP Cabuí (southeast of Minas Gerais state) and SHP Caiçara (northern Minas Gerais state) are located in low-income regions. This study aimed to evaluate the approach used to describe the socio-environmental impacts - through the analysis of attributes and magnitude of impacts - of these two projects and for this, consultations were carried out on the Environmental Impact Studies (EIS) presented by these SHPs, as well as the technical opinions available on the website of the agency responsible for environmental licensing (IBAMA). It was verified that the socio-environmental approaches of the SHPs differed in some aspects. PCH Cabuí, whose previous license was deferred, used more attributes to describe the socioeconomic impacts and the explanation of the impact assessment was more detailed and easy to understand, while the EIS of the Caiçara SHP (previous license rejected) was more succinct in its attributes for the description of the socioeconomic impacts, not adequately presenting the valuation and meaning of its impacts. There is also evidence of the need to improve public participation in both projects. 

scholarly journals Can dams affect the trophic structure of ichthyofauna? A long-term effects in the Neotropical region

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe P. de Lima ◽  
André B. Nobile ◽  
Diogo Freitas-Souza ◽  
Edmir D. Carvalho ◽  
Ana P. Vidotto-Magnoni
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Aquatic Communities

ABSTRACT Dams are considered an important source of modification upon the structure of aquatic communities and their reflexes are diverse on the fish fauna. Although there are several hydroelectric power plants in Brazil, the long-term effects on feeding activity of ichthyofauna are unknown. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of an old reservoir (fifty years) on the trophic dynamics of fish fauna. The diet of 20 fish species was analyzed, identifying 37 food items belonging to six trophic categories, which enable to create six trophic groups. The results found here suggests that throughout the creation of a reservoir, the trophic structure of the fish assemblages tend to reach trophic homeostasis, in which the fish community will be capable of exploring the most available food resources being maintained primarily by the items placed in the categories organic matter and fragments of fish and vegetal.

scholarly journals Availability Projections of Hydroelectric Power Plants through Monte Carlo Simulation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8398
Author(s):  
Marcos Tadeu Barros de Oliveira ◽  
Patrícia de Sousa Oliveira Silva ◽  
Elisa Oliveira ◽  
André Luís Marques Marcato ◽  
Giovani Santiago Junqueira
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Maintenance Schedule ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Plants ◽  
The Impact

The present work proposes a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to obtain availability projections for Hydroelectric Power Plants (HPP), based mainly on regulatory aspects involving the Availability Factor (AFA). The main purpose of the simulation is to generate scenarios to obtain statistics for risk analysis and decision-making in relation to the HPP. The proposed methodology consists of two steps, firstly, the optimization of the maintenance schedule of the hydroelectric plant is carried out, in order to allocate the mandatory maintenance in the simulation horizon. Then, for the MCS, scenarios of forced shutdowns of the Generating Units (GU) will be generated, which directly influence the operation and, consequently, the availability of the HPP. The scenarios will be inserted into an operation optimization model, which considers the impact of forced shutdown samples on the MCS. The proposed modeling was applied using real data from the Santo Antônio HPP, which is one of the largest hydroelectric plants in Brazil.

scholarly journals Genetic monitoring of the endangered Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) in the Aude River, France

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
François Gillet ◽  
Bruno Le Roux ◽  
Frédéric Blanc ◽  
Aurélie Bodo ◽  
Christine Fournier-Chambrillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Local Population ◽  
High Water ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Galemys Pyrenaicus

The Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) is a small semi-aquatic mammal endemic to the Pyrenean Mountains and the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula. This species is currently considered as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List and has been suffering from habitat loss and fragmentation for decades but little is known about the impact of water flow modifications induced by hydroelectric power plants. In order to address this issue we monitored Pyrenean desman individuals living in a harnessed section of the Aude River, by genotyping both faeces samples and hair of live-trapped animals. During a three-year study (2011-2013), a total of 39 individuals were identified using 24 microsatellite loci, 28 from faeces and 11 from trapped animals. Several long distance movements were evidenced up to at least 15 km, a distance that has never previously been reported. These movements might be related to modifications of the river bed caused by very high water flows that occurred during the repair of the Nentilla hydroelectric plant. The local population density suggests that the Aude River provides suitable habitat for the Pyrenean desman, and preservation of this habitat should be a priority for the conservation of this species.

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